557  IL6b 
no.  10 


LIBRARY. 


rg 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign 


http://archive.org/details/mineralcontentof10bart 


ILLINOIS 
STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


BULLETIN  No.  10. 

Prepared  in  Co-operation  with  the  State  Water  Survey 


The 

Mineral  Content  of  Illinois  Waters 


BY 


EDWARD    BARTOW,    J.    A.    UDDEN, 
S.  W.  PARR  and  GEORGE  T.  PALMER 


URBANA 

University  of  Illinois 

1909 


SPRINGFIELD,  ILL., 

Illinois  State  Journal  Co.,  State  Printers 

1909 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL  COMMISSION. 


Governor  C.  S.  Deneen,  Chairman. 
Professor  T.  C.  Ciiamberlin,  Vice  Chairman. 
President  Edmund  J.  James,  Secretary. 


II.  Foster  Bain,  Director. 

Edward  Bartow,  Consulting  Chemist  in  Water  Investigations. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

List  of  illustrations 6 

Letter  of  transmittal VII 

Introduction,  by  Edward  Bartow 1 

Historical  statement 1 

Distribution  of  waters  analyzed 2 

Geographical 2 

According  to  source  of  sample 4 

Surface  waters 5 

Springs 5 

Shallow  wells 6 

Deep  wells  in  drift 6 

Geological  classification  of  the  waters  of  Illinois ;  by  J.  A.  Udden 8 

Source  of  the  groundwater 8 

Recent  lowering  of  the  head  of  the  ground  water 8 

The  water  bearing  formations 9 

Potsdam  sandstone 9 

Lower  Magnesian  limestone / 11 

St.  Peters  sandstone 12 

Trenton-Galena  formation "*. 15 

Niagara  limestone 16 

Devonian  strata 16 

Lower  Carboniferous 17 

Coal  Measures 17 

Pleistocene  formations 17 

Boulder  clay 18 

Alluvial  deposits 19 

Loess 20 

Springs 21 

Classification  of  mineral  waters,  according  to  physical  and  chemical  properties;  by 

Edward  Bartow 22 

General: 

A  German  classification 22 

A  French  classification 23 

An  American  classification 23 

An  English  classification 23 

Peale's  classification 24 

Modifications  of  Peale's  classification 24 

Conclusions 26 

Methods  and  interpretations ;  by  Edward  Bartow 30 

Methods  of  analysis , 30 

Sanitary    30 

Mineral 35 

Method  of  reporting  analyses  of  the  mineral  content 37 

Factors  for  calculating  hypothetical  combinations  from  ions 38 

Interpretation  of  results 38 

Sanitary  water  analysis 38 

Surface  waters 39 

Spring  waters 40 

Waters  from  shallow  wells  in  drift 40 

Waters  from  deep  drift  wells 42 

Waters  from  deep  wells  in  rock 43 

Summary 48 

Analysis  of  the  mineral  content 48 

Surface  waters 48 

Springs 49 

Drift  wells 50 

Deep  wells  in  rock 52 

General  observations 54 

Boiler  waters ;  by  S.  W.  Parr ». 56 

Scale 56 

Foaming 60 

Corrosion 61 

Mineral  Springs  of  Illinois ;  by  George  T.  Palmer,  M.  D 62 

Tables  of  analyses 76 

Index 189 


VI 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATES. 


Page. 

1.  Geological  map  of  Illinois  (after  Leverett)  13 

2.  Sodium  carbonate  in  Illinois  waters 28 

3.  Magnesium  sulphate  in  Illinois  waters 29 

4.  Chlorine  in  springs 41 

5.  Residue  in  deep  drift  wells 44 

P .    Chlorine  in  deep  drift  wells 45 

7.  Residue  in  deep  wells  in  rock 46 

8.  Chlorine  in  deep  wells  in  rock 47 

9.  Alkalinity  of  Illinois  waters 53 

FIGURE. 

1.    Experimental  plant  for  study  of  boiler  water 59 


VII 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


State  Geological  Survey, 

University  of  Illinois,  Oct.  1,  1908. 

Governor  C.  8.  Deneen,  Chairman,  and  Members  of  the  Geological  Com- 
mission: 

Gentlemen — I  submit  herewith  material  for  a  report  upon  the  min- 
eral content  of  Illinois  waters,  and  recommend  .that  it  be  published'  as 
Bulletin  10.  This  report  has  been  prepared  in  cooperation  with  the 
State  Water  Survey  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Edward  Bartow,  director 
of  that  organization  and  consulting  chemist  in  charge  of  water  investi- 
gations for  the  Geological  Survey.  Dr.  Bartow  has  personally  prepared 
a  number  of  chapters  in  the  report.  The  tables  of  analyses  have  been 
compiled  under  his  direction  from  the  records  of  the  State  Water  Sur- 
vey., Dr.  J.  A.  Udden  of  Augustana  College  and  the  State  Geological 
Survey,  has  prepared  a  chapter  on  the  geological  classification  of  the 
waters  of  Illinois  and  Professor  S.  W.  Parr,  one  on  water  for  boilers  and 
for  other  industrial  uses.  Dr.  George  Thomas  Palmer,  M.  D.,  editor  of 
the  Chicago*  Clinic  and  Pure  Water  Journal,  has  prepared  the  chapter 
on  the  Medicinal  Springs  of  Illinois.  The  Geological  Survey  is  under 
great  obligations  to  these  gentlemen  for  their  assistance,  and  particu- 
larly to  Dr.  Bartow  for  the  cordial  cooperation  between  the  two  surveys 
which  he  has  made  possible.  This  report  will  be  published  also  by  the 
State  Water  Survey,  forming  Bulletin  4  of  the  water  survey  series. 

The  report  as  a  whole  is  to  be  considered  as  essentially  preliminary 
and  is  designed  to  place  in  the  hands  of  the  citizens  of  the  State  ac- 
curate analyses  of  water  from  the  different  Geological  horizons  and 
Geographical  districts.  To  aid  in  the  use  of  these  tables  the  brief  special 
discussions  already  noted  have  been  prepared.  It  is  planned  to  follow 
this  bulletin  with  special  studies  of  the  water  resources  of  the  particular 
areas  so  far  as  these  resources  are  dependent  upon  geological  conditions. 
One  such  report,  the  water  resources  of  the  East  St.  Louis  district,1  a 
brief  preliminary  statement  regarding  the  water  resources  of  the  Spring- 
field  area,2  and  a  paper  on  the  artesian  wells  in  Peoria  and  vicinity3 
have  already  been  published.  A  general  report  upon  the  underground 
structure  of  the  State  as  related  to  artesian  and  other  waters  is  planned, 
and  Dr.  J.  A.  Udden  is  accumulating  material  for  it. 


1  State  Geol.  Survey  Bull.  No.  5,  Water  Resources  of  the  East  St.  Louis  District ; 
by  Isaiah  Bowman  and  C.  A.  Reeds. 

2  Water  Resources  of  the   Spring-field  Quadrangle;    by   T.   E.   Savage,    State   Geol 
Survey,   Bull.   4,   pp.   235-244. 

3  Udden,  J.  A.  Year  Book  for  1907.     State  Geol.  Survey,  Bull.  No.   9,  pp.  315-334. 


VIII 

In  the  meantime  the  services  of  the  two  Surveys  have  been  frequently 
called  into  requisition  by  cities,  towns,  railways  and  manufacturers  de- 
siring to  secure  better  or.  larger  water  supplies.  In  a  number  of  in- 
stances it  has  been  possible  to  make  positive  recommendations  which  have 
been  followed  with  good  results.  In  other  cases  our  present  data  have 
proven  too  incomplete  to  permit  of  a  certain  answer  to  the  questions 
raised.  It  is  proposed  to  continue  the  work  with  a  view  to  giving  pro- 
gressively better  service  as  the  records  become  more  complete.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  there  are  few,  if  any,  more  important  lines  of  inquiry  de- 
manding attention.  Questions  of  water  supply  are  so  important,  not 
only  as  relates  to- the  industrial  activity  of  an  area  but  also  to  the  health  of 
the  people  and  even  the  very  existence  of  a  community,  that  they  warrant 
much  more  exhaustive  studies  than  are  possible  with  the  resources  now 
available.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  more  money  may  be  made  available  for 
this  work.  Very  respectfully, 

H.  Foster  Bain, 

Director. 


THE  MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  ILLINOIS  WATERS 


INTRODUCTION 

[By  Edward  Bartow.] 


Historical  Statement. 

The  State  Water  Survey  of  Illinois  began  the  investigation  of  the 
waters  of  the  State  in  1895.  While  the  Survey  has  laid  special  stress 
on  the  determination  of  the  character  of  the  waters  from  a  sanitary  stand- 
point, it  has  also  often  been  called  upon  to  make  analyses  of  the  mineral 
content  to  determine  its  character  from  a  medicinal  or  commercial 
standpoint.  In  the  various  reports  so  far  issued  by  the  Survey  only  re- 
sults of  the  sanitary  investigations  were  published.  It  had  been  the  in- 
tention to  publish  the  results  of  the  mineral  analyses  in  a  previous  re- 
port1 but  this  had  to  be  postponed  until. the  present  time  when,  in  co- 
operation with  the  Geological  Survey,  it  has  become  possible.  This 
Bulletin,  primarily,  contains  the  records  of  the  analyses  made  to  de- 
termine the  composition  of  the  mineral  residue  with  reference  to  the 
value  of  the  water  for  manufacturing  and  medicinal  uses,  but  there  are 
also  included  the  sanitary  analyses,  wherever  such  analyses  have  been 
made. 

Owing  to  lack  of  funds  the  Survey  has  not  been  able  to  do  systematic 
collecting.  The  samples  examined  have  been  sent  by  parties  who  desired 
to  know  something  of  either  the  commercial  or  medicinal  value  of  some 
special  water.  Though  many  times,  when  requested  to  make  only  the 
sanitary  examination  of  a  water,  that  could  be  considered  as  typical  of  a 
section  of  the  State  or  of  a  geological  stratum,  the  Survey  has  also  made 
an  examination  of  the  mineral  content.  Since  the  foundation  of  the  Sur- 
vey in  1895  to  December  31,  1905,  though  it  has  not  been  possible  to  col- 
lect samples  systematically,  547  analyses  have  been  made  to  determine  the 
composition  of  the  mineral  residue.  These  waters  have  come  from  269 
cities  and  towns  distributed  over  90  counties,  leaving  only  12  counties 
from  which  no  specimens  have  been  analyzed. 

The  samples  sent  to  the  Survey  have  usually  been  sent  with  a  request 
for  information  regarding  the  potability,  medicinal  value,  the  suitability 
for  use  in  boilers,  or  the  suitability  for  manufacturing  purposes.     In  ail 

l  "Chemical   Survey  of  the  Waters   of  Illinois,"   pp.   3   and   6. 


Z  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF    WATERS.  Tbull.  no.  10 

cases  a  report  has  been  made  to  the  party  sending  the  water,  and  when 
desired  an  opinion  has  been  given  with  respect  to  its  suitability  for  the 
special  purpose  designated  by  the  sender.  As  a  rule,  when  an  opinion 
regarding  the  medicinal  effect  has  been  desired,  the  Survey  has  sug- 
gested that  the  report  of  the  analysis  be  referred  to  a  competent  physician 
for  an  opinion.  The  special  opinions  concerning  each  water  are  not  given 
in  this  report,  but  there  are  given  briefly  general  interpretations  of  re- 
sults from  a  sanitary,  medicinal,  and  industrial  standpoint. 

The  analyses  have  been  arranged  in  alphabetical  order  according  to 
the  cities  and  towns.  This  arrangement  will  enable  those  wishing  to 
know  the  composition' of  the  mineral  matters  contained  in  waters  from 
a  certain  city  or  town,  to  easily  obtain  the  information  desired,  or  to 
learn  whether  an  analysis  of  the  water  in  question  has  been  made  by  the 
State  Water  Survey.  We  have  also  included  in  the  report  a  county  list, 
showing  the  number  and  location  of  the  waters  analyzed  in  each  county, 
in  order  to  facilitate  the  comparison  of  the  waters  of  a  given  section. 
Again,  we  have  arranged  tables  of  distribution,  showing  the  source  of 
each  sample;  whether  from  river,  spring,  shallow  well,  or  deep  well  in 
rock  or  in  drift.  This  will  facilitate  comparison  of  waters  of  similar 
■origin,  or  from  similar  geological  horizons. 

The  methods  of  analysis  published  in  this  Bulletin  have  been  used 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  existence  of  the  Water  Survey.  While 
modifications  have  been  made  from  time  to  time,  in  general,  the  methods 
given  have  been  followed.  Many  of  the  methods  are  those  recommended 
by  the  American  Public  Health  Association.  When  such  is  not  the  case 
it  is  our  purpose  as  soon  as  possible  to  adopt  their  recommendations,  es- 
pecially with  reference  to  sanitary  work. 

The  analyses  were  made  under  the  direction  of  the  late  Professor 
A.  W.  Palmer,  until  his  death  in  February,  1904.  Professor  S.  W.  Parr 
was  director  from  February,  1904,  to  September,  1905,  when  the  present 
director  took  charge  of  the  work.  The  analyses  have  been  made  by  mem- 
bers of  the  Water  Survey  staff  and  the  initials  accompanying  each 
analysis  indicate  the  analyst.  The  following  men  have  done  this  analyt- 
ical work  for  the  Survey: 

Perry  Barker,  Arthur  Donaldson  Emmett,  Arthur  Russell  Johnston,  David 
Klein,  Justa  Morris  Lindgren,  Albert  LeRoy  Marsh,  Arthur  William  Palmer, 
€arleton  Raymond  Rose,  Robert  Watt  Stark. 

Mr.  C.  V.  Miller  has  made  many  of  the  sanitary  examinations. 

Distribution  of  Waters  Analyzed. 

geographical. 

The  various  samples  of  water  which  have  been  sent  to  the  Water  Sur- 
vey since  its  foundation,  aggregating  a  total  number  of  13,873  to  De- 
cember 31,  1905,  have  come  from  590  towns  in  100  counties.  Since  prac- 
tically all  of  these  waters  have  been  sent  to  the  laboratory  by  citizens 
or  city  officials  such  a  distribution  shows  the  widespread  demand  for 
the  work.  The  samples,  which  have  been  analyzed  to  determine  the 
composition  of  the  mineral  residue,  aggregating  a  total  number  of  547, 
have  been  sent  from  269  towns  in  90  counties.     This  distribution  seems 


BARTOW.] 


SOURCE   OF    SAMPLES. 


remarkable  since  it  has  been  possible  for  the  State  Water  Survey  to 
influence  the  points  of  collection  only  in  a  very  small  degree.  The  only 
counties  from  which  no  samples  have  been  received  for  analysis  of  the 
mineral  content  are  Carroll,  Clay,  Crawford,  Cumberland,  Edwards, 
Franklin,  Grundy,  Hamilton,  Hardin,  Massac,  Monroe  and  Moultrie. 

The  following  table  shows  the  distribution  of  mineral  analyses  by 
counties  and  towns,  and  will  serve  as  a  guide  for  the  comparison  of  the 
quality  of  water  in  certain  sections  of  the  country. 


MINERAL  ANALYSES  BY  COUNTIES. 


Adams — 

Camp  Point, 

Clayton, 

Mendon, 

Payson,  (see 
Quincy), 

Quincy. 
Alexander — 

Cairo. 
Bond — 

Greenville. 
Boone — 

Belvidere, 

Brown — 

Mt.  Sterling, 

Ripley. 
Bureau — 

Bureau, 

La  Moille, 

Maiden, 

Marquette, 

Milo, 

Neponset, 

Spring  Valley, 

Walnut. 
Calhoun — 

Kampsville. 
Cass — 

Areozville, 

Ashland, 

Chandlersville, 
Champaign — 

Champaign, 

Rantoul, 

Tolono, 

Urbana, 
Christian — 

Assumption, 

Pana, 

Rosemond. 
Clark — 

Marshall. 
Clinton — 

Carlyle. 
Coles — 

Mattoon. 


Cook — 

Berwyn, 

Chicago, 

Evanston, 

Forest  Glen, 

Hyde  Park, 

Kensington, 

Maywood, 

Morgan  Park, 

North  Chicago, 

Oak  Park, 

Palatine, 

Riverside, 

"West  Chicago, 

Winnetka. 
DeKalb — 

DeKalb. 
DeWitt — 

Clinton, 

DeWitt, 

Farmer  City. 
Douglas — 

Newman, 

Tuscola. 
DuPage — 

Elmhurst, 

Glen  Ellyn, 

Hinsdale, 

Warrenville, 

Winfield. 
Edgar — 

Chrisman, 

Dudley, 

Paris. 
Effingham — 

Altamont. 
Fayette — 

Vandalia. 
Ford — 

Paxton, 

Piper  City. 
Fulton — 

Astoria, 

Canton, 

Brereton, 

Farmington, 

Ipava, 

Lewistown, 


London  Mills, 
Vermont. 
Gallatin — 
Omaha, 
Shawneetown. 

Greene — 
Carrollton. 

Hancock — 
Augusta, 
Hamilton, 
La  Harpe, 
Niota. 

Henderson — 

Oquawka, 

Stronghurst. 
Henry — 

Cambridge, 

Geneseo, 

Kewanee, 

Woodhull. 
Iroquois — 

Ashkum, 

Gilman, 

Loda, 

Onargo, 

Sheldon. 
Jackson — 

Carbondale, 

Makanda, 

Murphysboro, 

Neunert. 
Jasper — 

Bell  Air. 
Jefferson — 

Mt.  Vernon. 
Jersey — 

Grafton, 

Jerseyville. 
Jo  Daviess — 

Apple  River, 

Stockton, 

Warren, 

Woodbine. 
Johnson — 

New  Burnside. 


Kane — 

Aurora, 

Batavia,   - 

Carpentersville, 

Dundee, 

Elgin, 

Montgomery, 

South  Elgin, 

St.  Charles. 
Kankakee — 

Grant  Park, 

Kankakee, 

Momence, 

St.  Ann. 

KENDALLi 

Bristol  Station, 

Piano. 
Knox — 

Abingdon, 

Galesburg, 

Knoxville, 

Maquon. 
Lake — 

Deerfield, 

Everett, 

Fort  Hill, 

Highland  Park, 

Lake  Bluff, 

Lake  Forrest, 

Libertyville, 

Russell, 

Waukegan. 
LaSalle — 

LaSalle, 

Marseilles, 

Ottawa, 

Peru, 

Streator, 

Tonica, 

Waltham. 
Lawrence — 

Sumner. 
Lee — 

Amboy, 

Dixon, 

Franklin  Grove, 

Paw  Paw. 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


fBULL.    NO.  10 


Mineral  Analyses  by  Counties — Concluded. 


Livingston — 

Dwight, 

Fairbury, 

Flanagan, 

Forest, 

Manville, 

Odell, 

Pontiac. 
Logan — 

Atlanta, 

Elkhart, 

Mt.  Pulaski. 
Madison — 

Godfrey, 

Highland, 

Poag, 

Alton, 

Collinsville. 
Macon — 

Decatur. 
Macoupin — 

Staunton. 
Maeion — 

Centralia, 

Kell, 

Kinmundy, 

Omega, 

Salem. 

Maes  haul — 

Wenona. 
Mason — 

Havana. 

McDonough — 
Bushnell, 
Chester, 
Colchester, 
Eldorado  Twp. 
Tennessee, 
Macomb. 

McHeney — 
Algonquin, 
Crystal  Lake, 
McHenry, 
Woodstock. 


McLean — 
Bloomington, 
Cooksville, 
Downs, 
Gridley, 
Normal, 

Lexington. 
Menaed — 
Petersburg, 
Tallula. 

Meecee — 
Aledo. 

Montgomeey — 
Hillsboro. 

MOEGAN — 

Jacksonville, 
Markham, 
Pisgah, 
Waverly. 

Ogle — 
Byron, 
Mt.  Morris, 
Oregon, 
Polo, 
Rochelle. 

Peokia — 
Averyville, 
Chillicothe, 
Glasford, 
Mapleton, 
Peoria, 
So.   Bartonville. 

Peeey — 
Cutler, 
DuQuoin, 
Tamaora. 

Piatt — 
Atwood, 
Bement, 
Cerro    Gordo. 

Pike — 
Milton. 


Pulaski — 
Mound  City, 
Pulaski, 
Villa  Ridge. 

Putnam — 
Granville, 
Hennepin. 

Randolph — 
Menard, 
Red  Bud. 

Richland — 
Claremont, 
Olney, 
Parkersburg. 

Rock  Island — 
E.  Moline, 
Milan, 
Rock  Island, 

Saline — 

Carrier's  Mills, 
Harrisburg, 
Stone  Fort. 

Schuylee — 
Camden, 
Huntsville, 
Rushville. 

Sangamon — 
Springfield. 

Scott — 
Bluffs, 
Brushy, 
Winchester. 

Shelby — 
Middlesworth, 
Moweaqua, 
Oconee, 
Shelbyville. 

St.  Claie — 
Belleville, 
E.  St.  Louis. 


Staek — 

Bradford, 

Wyoming. 
Stephenson — 

Freeport, 

Lena. 
Tazewell — 

Pekin. 
Union — 

Alto  Pass, 

Cobden. 

v  EEMILION 

Danville, 

Hoopeston, 

Hope, 

Oakwood, 

Sidell. 
Wabash — 

Keensburg. 
Wayne — 

Cisne, 

Fairfield. 
Waeeen — 

Roseville. 
Washington — 

Richview. 
White — 

Caemi — 

Mill  Shoals. 
Whiteside — 

Morrison, 

Sterling. 
Will— 

Joliet, 

Peotone, 

Plainfield, 

Romeoville, 

Wilmington. 
Williamson — 

Creal   Springs. 
Winnebago — 

Rockford. 
Woodeoed — 

Eureka, 

Minonk, 

Roanoke. 


ACCORDING   TO   SOURCE. 

The  water  supplies  of  Illinois  are  derived  from  three  general  sources : 

1.  Surface  waters,  including  rivers,  lakes  and  ponds. 

2.  Waters  from  shallow  wells  and  springs. 

3.  Waters  from  deep  wells. 

In  order  to  facilitate  the  comparison  of  waters  from  similar  sources 
we  have  inserted  tables  classifying  each  water  according  to  the  character 
of  its  source : 


BARTOW. J 


SOURCE   OF    SAMPLES. 


Number 

Source  of  of  Analyses 

Water.  ,       Made. 

Surface  waters 32 

Shallow  wells  and  springs. 

Springs 131 

Dug   wells    47' 

Driven    wells     10 

Deep  wells. 

Flowing  wells  in  drift 16 

Deep  drift  wells,  not  flowing 62 

Deep  wells  in  rock,  flowing 68 

Deep  wells  in  rock,  not  flowing 191 

Total 547 

The  number  of  samples  of  water  of  each  division  analyzed,  does  not 
represent  in  any  way  the  relative  amount  of  each  class  of  water  used  in 
the  State.  Surface  waters  serve  by  far  the  greatest  number  of  people, 
including  as  they  do,  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Mississippi  river.  In 
fact  the  majority  of  the  cities  containing  more  than  10,000  inhabitants, 
obtain  their  water  supply,  as  a  whole,  or  in  part,  from  streams.  Deep 
rock  wells  serve  the  next  greatest  number,  followed  by  the  deep  drift 
wells. 

TOWNS  FROM  WHICH  SURFACE  WATER  HAS  BEEN  ANALYZED. 


Apple  River, 
Cairo, 

East  St.  Louis, 
Grafton  (2), 
Lewistown, 
Rockford  (3), 


Aurora, 

Champaign, 

Elgin, 

Havana    ( 3 ) , 

Paris, 

Rock  Island, 


Averyville, 
Chicago    (2), 
Farmington, 
Kankakee  (3): 
Pekin, 


Belleville, 

Danville, 

Galesburg, 

Kensington, 

Peoria, 


So.  Bartonville,        Streator. 


TOWNS  FROM  WHICH  WATER  FROM  SPRINGS  HAS  BEEN  ANALYZED. 


Abingdon   (3), 

Bloomington, 

Carrollton  (2), 

Clinton    (4), 

Creal  Springs, 

Decatur, 

Elgin  (3), 

Franklin  Grove, 

Glasford, 

Hamilton, 

Kewanee, 

Lewistown, 

Makanda   (4), 

Marquette, 

Middlesworth  (3), 

Murphysboro, 

Ottawa   (2), 

Pulaski, 

Rock  Island   (2), 

Sidell,      • 

Tallula, 

Waukegan, 


Alto  Pass, 
Canton, 
Centralia   (2), 
Cobden   (2'), 
Crystal  Lake, 
DeWitt, 
Elkhart, 
Freeport, 
Godfrey, 
Hoopeston, 
Kinmundy, 
Lexington, 
Manville, 
Marshall, 
Mill  Shoals, 
Niota, 
Peoria  (4), 
Quincy  (2), 
'osemond, 
Springfield    (2), 
Tennessee, 
Wilmington, 


Ashland, 

Carlock, 

Cerro  Gordo, 

Colchester, 

Cutler, 

Dixon, 

Elmhurst, 

Galesburg, 

Grafton, 

Huntsville, 

Knoxville, 

J^ibertyville, 

Maquon, 

Mattoon,  ' 

Mossville, 

Oconee   (3), 

Pisgah, 

Ripley, 

Salem, 

Sterling  (3), 

Tolono, 

Winchester   (2), 


Belleville, 

Carlyle, 

Claremont   (2), 

Cooksville, 

Danville, 

DuQuoin, 

Fairbury, 

Geneseo, 

Granville, 

Jacksonville  (8) 

LaSalle  (2), 

London  Mills, 

Markham, 

Menard, 

Mt.  Vernon    (2), 

Odell, 

Piano, 

Rochelle   (2), 

Shawneetown, 

Sumner, 

Vandalia    (6), 

Wyoming. 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


TOWNS  FROM  WHICH  WATER  FROM  DRIVEN  WELLS  LESS  THAN 
50  FEET  DEEP  HAS  BEEN  ANALYZED. 


Carpentersville, 

Chillicothe, 

Herrin, 

Lewistown, 

Marshall, 

Mt.  Pulaski, 

Russell, 

Shelbyville. 

Urbana   (2), 

TOWNS  FROM  WHICH  WATER  FROM  DUG  WELLS  HAS  BEEN 

ANALYZED. 


Assumption, 
Cerro  Gordo, 
DuQuoin, 
Greenville, 
LaMoille, 
Morgan  Park, 
Oquawka, 
Springfield, 


Bloomington, 
Chrisman, 
Farmington, 
Gridley    (2), 
Macomb, 
Mt.  Vernon, 
Pana, 
Urbana   (2), 


Bushnell, 
Clayton, 
Forrest, 
Hillsboro, 
Mapleton, 
Neunert, 
Piper  City 
Villa  Ridge, 


(2), 


Camden, 

Creal  Springs   (3) 

Grafton, 

La  Harpe, 

Milton, 

Olney, 

Richview, 

Waverly. 


TOWNS    FROM    WHICH    WATER    FROM    FLOWING   WELLS    IN    DRIFT 
HAS   BEEN  ANALYZED. 


Ashland, 
Newman    (2), 
Roanoke, 


Bell  Air, 

Lexington, 

Oakwood, 


Clinton,  Gilman  (2) 

Liberty ville    (2),     McHenry, 
Palatine,  Paris   (Zj. 


TOWNS     FROM    WHICH    WATER    FROM    DEEP    DRIFT    WELLS    HAS 

BEEN  ANALYZED. 


Algonquin,  . 

Averyville, 

Clinton    (2), 

Eureka, 

Flanagan, 

Hoopeston, 

Loda, 

Milo, 

Paxton    (3), 

Rockford, 


Alton, 

Bluffs, 

Collinsville, 

Everett, 

Fort  Hill, 

Hope, 

Macomb, 

Normal  (2), 

Peoria    (6), 

Strawn, 


Atlanta   (2), 

Bristol    Station, 

Downs, 

E.  St.  Louis   (2), 

Havana   (2), 

Kinmundy, 

Marshall, 

Omega, 

Poag, 

Tolono    (2), 


Atwood   (2), 
Champaign, 
Dwight   (2), 
Farmer  City, 
Hennepin, 
Lock  Haven, 
Mattoon   (2), 
Ona'rga    (4), 
Rantoul, 
Urbana  (4). 


TOWNS  FROM  WHICH  WATER  FROM  FLOWING  WELLS  IN  ROCK  HAS 

BEEN  ANALYZED. 


Algonquin, 
Batavia, 
Cairo  .  (7), 
Elgin   (2), 
Hamilton, 
Hyde  Park, 
LaSalle, 

Montgomery   (3), 
Oregon, 
Peoria  (2), 
Roanoke,     . 
Sterling    (2), 


Amboy, 

Belvidere, 

Carbondale, 

Evanston, 

Hennepin, 

Jacksonville    (3), 

Lewistown, 

Mound  City   (4), 

Ottawa   (3), 

Peru, 

Rock   Island, 

Warrenville, 


Arenzville, 

Bristol  Station, 

Carlyle, 

Fairfield, 

Highland  Park 

Joliet, 

Marseilles, 

Oak  Park, 

Palestine, 

Petersburg, 

So.  Elgin, 


Aurora   (3), 
Bureau, 
East  Moline, 
Gilman, 
(2)  Hillsboro, 
Lake  Forest, 
Milan, 
umaha, 
Paris, 

Quincy  (2), 
Spring  Valley. 


BARTOW.J 


SOURCE   OF    SAMPLES. 


TOWNS    FROM    WHICH    WATER    FROM    DEEP    WELLS    IN    ROCK    HAS 

BEEN  ANALYZED. 


Abingdon, 

Astoria, 

Bement, 

Berwyn, 

Brushy, 

Camp  Point, 

Carpentersville, 

Chicago    (4), 

Deerfield, 

Dwight, 

Fairfield, 

Glen  Ellyn, 

Hinsdale, 

Joliet   (4), 

Kell, 

Lake  Forest   (4). 

Maiden, 

Minonk, 

Mt.   Morris, 

New  Burnside, 

Parkersburg, 

P]ainfield, 

Red  Bed, 

Rockford     (3), 

Russell, 

Sparta, 

Stone  Fort    (2), 

Tonica, 

Warren, 

Winfield, 

WToodstock, 


Aiedo, 

Aurora, 

Biackstone, 

Bushnell, 

Canton, 

Carrier  Mills, 

Chrisman, 

DeKalb    (2), 

Eldorado    Twp., 

Forest  Glen    (2), 

Grant  Park, 

Kampsville, 

Kewanee   (6), 

La  Moille, 

Marion   (2), 

Momence, 

Mt.  Sterling  (3), 

North  Chicago, 

Paw  Paw, 

Payson    (see    Quin 

cy), 
Polo   (2), 
Riverside    (2), 
Romeoville, 
Shawneetown, 
Staunton, 
Streator    (6), 
Tuscola    (2), 
Wenona, 
Winnetka, 
Wyoming   (3), 


Altamont    (2), 

Batavia   (2), 

Bradford, 

Byron    (2), 

Carbondale    (2), 

Carrollton     (2), 

Cisne, 

Dundee, 

Elgin   (2), 

Galesburg    ( 3 ) , 

Harrisburg   (7), 

Ipava    ( 2 ) , 

Kankakee  (4), 

Knoxville    (3), 

Lena    (2), 

Haywood, 

Morrison, 

Mt.   Vernon, 

Odell, 

Peoria  (3), 

Pontiac    (2), 

Robinson, 

Roseville    (2), 

Sheldon, 

St.  Charles    (3), 

Stronghurst, 

Vermont, 

West  Chicago   (2) 

Woodbine    (2), 


Ashkum, 

Belleville, 

Brereton, 

Cambridge, 

Carmi, 

Chandlersville    (2): 

Collinsville   (2), 

DuQuoin, 

Everett, 

Gilman, 

Highland, 

Jersey  ville    (2), 

Keensburg, 

Lake  Bluff    (2), 

Macomb   (3), 

Mendon, 

Moweaqua, 

Neponset, 

Paris   (2), 

Peotone, 

Quincy    (3), 

Rochelle, 

Rushville, 

South    Elgin     (2),. 

Stockton, 

Tamaroa, 

Waltham  Twp., 

Wilmington, 

Woodhull    (2). 


MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 


GEOLOGICAL     CLASSIFICATION     OF    THE     WATERS     OF 

ILLINOIS. 

[By  J.  A.  Udden.] 


Source  of  the  Ground  Water. 

Primarily  the  source  of  all  the  waters  of  the  State  is  the  rainfall  in 
the  Mississippi  valley.  For  the  northern  part  of  the  State  this  is  equal 
to  a  layer  nearly  thirty-four  inches  in  thickness,  for  the  middle  part 
•of  the  State  it  is  a  little  more  than  thirty-six  and  a  half  inches,  and  for 
ihe  southern  part  of  the  State  it  is  almost  forty-one  inches,  averaging 
annually  for  the  entire  State,  during  the  time  it  has  been  observed,  36.59 
inches.  A  large  part  of  this  water  is  lost  by  evaporation,  especially  dur- 
ing the  warmer  months.  Some  twenty  per  cent  of  the  total  rainfall  is 
drained  away  by  the  streams.  The  remainder  enters  the  ground  and 
slowly  sinks,  either  to  reappear  on  the  surface  as  springs  at  other  places, 
or  to  slowly  seep  under  its  own  pressure  in  the  direction  of  least  resist- 
ance. The  run  off  in  the  basin  of  the  Illinois  river  is  estimated  at  eight 
inches  for  the  year.  It  can  hardly  be  less  than  this  for  other  parts  of  the 
State. 

Recent  Lowering  of  the  Head  of  the  Ground  Water. 

It  is  clear  that  great  changes  in  the  run-off  have  taken  place  since 
the  first  settling  of  this  country  more  than  fifty  years  ago.  The  drainage 
is  at  the  present  time  more  perfect,  and  hence  much  more  prompt,  than 
it  was  at  the  time  when  the  original  vegetation  still  covered  the  native 
prairies.  Tliis  vegetation  retained  the  water  of  the  heavy  showers  dur- 
ing summer.  At  the  present  time  such  showers  more  frequently  than 
before  cause  the  gullies  and  creeks  to  overrun  their  banks.  The  best 
evidence  of  this  greater  run-off  at  the  present  day  is  to  be  seen  in  the 
recent  deepening  of  many  channels  of  the  smaller  streams,  and  in  the 
universal  appearance  of  gullies  on  upland  slopes,  which  were  originally 
■even  and  smooth.  The  same  change  is  also  to  be  noted  in  the  disap- 
pearance of  shallow  surface  ponds,  which  in  the  days  of  the  early  settle- 
ments seldom  failed  to  form  on  the  level  uplands  during  the  months  of 
greatest  rainfall  in  the  spring  and  early  summer.  Another  cause  for  this 
change  is  the  construction  of  drained  wagon  roads  and  drainage  ditches 
made  for  the  reclamation  of  lowlands.  Whether  the  loss  of  water  by 
evaporation  has  been  increased  or  diminished  by  this  same  change  in- 
cident to  the  immigration  of  the  present  inhabitants,  it  is  difficult  to 


udden.J  WATER-BEARING   FORMATIONS.  y 

say.  On  the  one  hand  the  cover  afforded  the  ground  by  the  native  vege- 
tation would  appear  to  have  retarded  evaporation,  but  on  the  other  hand 
this  protection  may  have  been  counter-balanced  by  a  still  greater  in- 
crease of  evaporation  from  a  luxurious  foliage.  On  the  whole,  evapor- 
ation is  probably  greater  now  than  before,  and  this  increase  is  very  likely 
greater  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State  than  in  the  northern. 

With  an  undoubted  augmentation  of  the  run-off  and  with  a  probable 
increase  in  the  amount  of  water  evaporated,  the  general  lowering  of 
the  level  of  the  ground  water  is  easily  accounted  for.  A  sinking  of  this 
level  is  everywhere  conspicuous.  The  first  settlers  on  the  prairies  in- 
variably found  a  sufficient  quantity  of  water  in  shallow  surface  wells. 
Springs  were  everywhere  more  common  than  at  the  present  day.  With 
the  lowering  of  the  level  of  the  ground  water  many  of  these  springs 
have  run  dry.  The  shallow  wells  have  mostly  either  been  deepened  or 
they  have  become  useless,  and  at  the  present  time  the  average  depth 
of  the  country  wells  will  exceed  that  of  the  wells  of  the  early  days  by 
at  least  twenty  feet. 

The  Water-Bearing  Formations. 

The  water  which  enters  the  ground  and  seeps  in  the  direction  of  least 
resistance  enters  the  successive  formations  and  sinks  to  unknown  depths. 
Through  the  more  pervious  strata  the  percolation  is  most  rapid.  Even 
the  most  compact  rocks  allow  some  seeping,  although  it  goes  on  at  an  ex- 
ceedingly slow  rate.  In  clays  and  shales  the  seeping  proceeds  so  slowly 
that  a  sufficient  quantity  of  water  can  never  be  obtained  from  these 
strata.  Sandstone  and  some  limestone  allows  the  water  a.  more  free 
passage,  and  such  strata  furnish  the  waters  in  all  of  our  deep  wells. 
These  rocks  constitute  our  true  water-bearing  formations. 

The  Potsdam  Sandstone, 

The  lowest  formation  furnishing  water  in  this  State  is  the  Potsdam 
sandstone.  This  is  a  formation  to  the  Cambrian  age,  and  it  underlies 
all  the  other  sedimentary  rocks  of  the  State.  The  Potsdam  sandstone 
does  not  come  to  the  surface  anvwhere  in  this  State,  but  it  outcrops  in 
the  central  part  of  Wisconsin,  where  it  forms  a  crescent  shaped  area  be- 
ginning on  the  Menominee  river  on  the  east,  extending  southward  to 
Madison  and  Prairie  Du  Chien  and  from  there  northwest  to  the  region 
of  the  St.  Croix  river.  The  average  elevation  of  the  land  in  this  area  of 
outcrop,  is  about  1,000  feet  above  the  sea  level,  or  a  little  more  than  200 
feet  above  the  average,  elevation  of  the  northern  part  of  the  State  of 
Illinois.  We  may  consider  this  region  as  the  intake  area  of  the  Potsdam 
sandstone,  for  it  is  evident  that  the  water  yielded  by  the  formation 
further. south  enters  it  in  this  territory. and  follows  it  under  the  ground 
in  its  course  southward  and  downward.  In  the  state  of  Wisconsin  the 
Cambrian  formation  has  a  thickness  of  1.000  feet,  and  it  probably  main- 
tains this  under  the  greater  part  of  Illinois,  The  materials  of  which  it 
is  composed  consist  of  sandstone  and  sandy  shale,  frequently  of  reddish 


10  MINEEAL   CONTENT   OF    WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10- 

color,  and  there  are  also  some  strata  of  calcareous  rocks.  In  the  well 
made  at  Loekport,  the  following  section  of  strata  belonging  to  this 
horizon  has  been  observed,  beginning  at  a  depth  of  about  1,250  feet.  ■ 

Potsdam  Sandstone  at  Lockport. 

Feet. 

Sandstone    75 

Sandy   shale    220 

Shale    35 

Shale  and  red  marl   230 

Sandstone 51 

Total    686 

Another  section  was  penetrated  by  a  well  made  by  the  Joliet  Steel 
Mills  and  this  was  as  below: 

Section  of  the  Potsdam  Kock  in  the  Well  of  the  Joliet  Steel 

Mill. 

Feet. 

Sharp  sandstone   175 

Blue  shale   50 

Shaly  limestone  125 

Shale    ; . . .       230 

Total •    580 

In  the  western  part  of  the  State  this  formation  has  been  entered  by 
some  wells  in  Kock  Island  and  at  Aledo.  In  the  Kock  Island  well,  the 
Potsdam  section  was  penetrated  only  to  the  depth  of  some  370  feet,  and 
the  section  is  given  as  follows : 

Section  of  the  Potsdam  Kock  in  the  Mitchell  &  Lynde  Well, 

Kock  Island. 

Feet. 

Compact  sandstone  and  shale   30 

Sandy   limestone 35 

Sandstone     130 

Shaly  limestone  and  shale 75 

Sandstone 97 

Total 367 

The  formation  was  entered  at  a  depth  of  about  1940  feet. 
From  these  figures  it  is  clear  that  this  formation  dips  to  the  south 
at  the  rate  of  about  ten  or  twelve  feet  to  the  mile.  In  the  southern  half 
of  the  State  it  is  practically  out  of  reach,  except  for  a  small  area  in 
Calhoun  and  Jersey  counties  where,  by  an  abrupt  fold,  it  is  brought 
nearer  to  the  surface,  and  for  a  tract  extending  in  a  northwest-southeast 
direction  through  La  Salle  and  Livingston  counties  where  another  fold 
elevates  all  the  formations  lying  on  the  east  side. 

The  head  of  the  Potsdam  water  is  higher  than  that  of  any  other  ar- 
tesian flow  in  the  region.  Drillers  usually  figure  that  it  will  flow  forty 
feet  higher  than  the  water  from  the  St.  Peter  sandstone.     But  the  head 


UDDEN.]  WATER-BEAEING   FORMATIONS.  11 

is  not  every  where  the  same.  It  varies  as  much  as  100  feet  for  different 
parts  of  the  State.  Even  in  limited  areas  slight  variations  are  noted. 
Thus  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  it  rises  to  an  elevation  of  595  feet 
above  the  sea  in  the  Consumers'  Ice  Company  Well  in  Chicago,  while  in 
the  Oak  Park  waterworks,  it  rises  to  610  feet,  and  in  the  Biverside 
waterworks  its  head  is  reported  as  596  feet.  In  the  western  part  of 
the  State,  the  head  approaches  a  level  of  650  feet  at  Geneseo,  while  in 
Catlings  well  at  Ottawa  it  rises  to  705  feet.  The  elevation  of  the  head 
at  Minooka  is  660  feet.  It  is  believed  that  the  head  of  this  water  in 
the  wells  of  the  western  part  of  the  State  would  reach  a  level  of  700 
feet,  if  the  wells  were  properly  cased,  so  as  to  prevent  the  Potsdam  water 
from  entering  the  overlying  formations.  The  formation  being  deep  as 
well  as  extensive,  and  having  a  large  area  of  exposure  to  the  north,  its 
water  contents  far  exceeds  the  capacity  of  the  wells  so  far  sunk  into  it. 
The  water  is  somewhat  salty,  but  is  pure  enough  for  use  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  State.  In  the  deeper  wells  the  quantity  of  salt  increases. 
For  this  reason  some  of  the  wells  entering  the  formation  do  not  extend 
very  far  into  it.  In  one  instance  the  deepening,  of  a  well  100  feet  ren- 
dered the  water  undesirable  on  account  of  its  increased  saltiness.  In  this 
case  the  well  was  saved  by  shutting  off  the  flow  from  the  lower  part,  the 
yield  from  the  unner  part  of  the  formation  being  sufficient  for  the  pur- 
pose desired.  It  would  thus  appear  that  the  saltiness  increases  with 
the  depth  in  one  and  the  same  stratum,  and  this  has  been  explained  as 
being  due  to  the  specific  gravity  of  the  material  dissolved. 

The  Lower  Magnesian  Lime-stone, 

The  Lower  Magnesian  limestone  is  the  next  higher  horizon  which  has 
been  found  to  yield  water.  Though  this  formation  is  known  as  a  lime- 
stone, it  is  in  some  places  to  a  considerable  extent  made  up  of  sandy 
strata.  It  varies  in  thickness  from  about  400  feet  in  the  eastern  part,  of 
the  State  to  800  feet  along  the  Mississippi  river.  The  main  area  of  out- 
crop of  this  formation  is  likewise  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  but  it  also 
has  a  small  exposure  on  the  Illinois  river  east  of  La  Salle.  In  the 
eastern  part  of  the  State  it  is  apparently  replaced  by  considerable 
amounts  of  shaly  material,  with  which  are  associated  some  sand  and  some 
calcareous  layers,  but  in  western  wells  it  consists  largely  of  limestone 
and  sandstone  and  the  latter  yields  considerable  amounts  of  water.  This 
difference  in  the  composition  of  the  formation  is  well  illustrated  by  the 
following  two  sections : 

Section  of  the  Lower  Magnesian  Books  in  the  Lockport  Well. 

Feet. 

Limestone    12 

Red    marl    33 

Sandy  limestone   20 

Green  shale 330 

Total 395 


12  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

Section  of  the  Lower  Magnesian  Formation  in  the  Well  at 

Book  Island. 

Feet. 
Limestone  with   some   strata   of   sand    811 

The  water  supplied  by  this  limestone  is  as  a  rule  more  free  from  im- 
purities than  that  of  other  deep  waters  in  the  State.  It  supplies  a  great 
number  of  the  wells  in  the  city  of  Ottawa  and  in  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. West  of  La  Salle  this  formation  lies  at  the  depth  of  about  1800 
feet,  but  it  gradually  rises  toward  the  Mississippi.  It  contains  no  single 
well  marked  horizon  of  water,  but  the  supply  is  irregularly  distributed 
through  its  thickness  in  sandy  strata.  In  the  western  part  of  the  State 
where  the  formation  consists  mainly  of  lime,  the  flow  is  not  very  marked, 
and  no  wells  have  been  made  which  rely  upon  its  flow,  except  in  the 
city  of  Princeton.  The  flow  is  nowhere  very  strong,  and  the  quantity 
is  more  limited  than  that  of  either  the  Potsdam  or  the  St.  Peters  sand- 
stones. 

The  St.  Peters  Sandstone. 

Owing  to  the  moderate  depth  at  which  it  can  be  reached,  the  St. 
Peters  sandstone  has  been  more  often  tapped  by  deep  wells  than  any 
other  rock  in  the  State.  This  formation  is  not  as  thick  as  the  water- 
bearing strata  which  have  just  been  described,  but  its  development  is 
uniform,  and  geographically  it  is  very  extensive,  underlying  wide  areas 
in  Wisconsin,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  Missouri.  It  is 
a  very  pure  sandstone,  consisting  of  well  rounded  quartz  grains,  mod- 
erately coarse.  For  the  most  part  it  is  destitute  of  any  cement  material 
between  the  grains,  and  this  renders  its  texture  open  and  gives  it  a 
great  capacity  for  holding  water,  which  is  freely  yielded  when  the  rock 
is  tapped.  It  overlies  the  Lower  Magnesian  limestone  from  which  it  is 
often  separated  by  several  feet  of  varicolored  clays.  In  thickness  it 
varies  from  100  to  more  than  200  feet,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  following 
records  of  wells  made  along  the  line  across  the  State  from  Kock  Island 
to  Chicago. 

Thickness  of  the  St.  Peters  Sandstone  in  the  Northern  Part 

of  the  State. 

Feet. 

Rock  Island 145 

Moline 216 

Milan 195 

East    Moline 220 

Geneseo    . , 220 

Princeton 116 

LaSalle 175 

Ottawa   130 

Marseilles 200 

Peddicord's  well,  near  Marseilles    275 

Seneca    •... .  220 

Joliet 200 

LockDort     .  . 210 

Blue  Island 115 

Chicago  Heights    200 

Union  Stock  Yards   155 

Goose   Island 60 


13 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL.  SURVEY. 


BULL.   NO.    10,    PLATE   1. 


Geological   map   of   Illinois.      (After  Leverett   by   courtesy   of   the   U.    S.    Geological 

Survey.) 


14  MINERAL    CONTENT   OF    WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

In  the  western  part  of  the  State,  the  St.  Peters  sandstone  some  times 
includes  a  shaly  stratum  near  its  middle  portion,  and  in  most  places 
the  formation  is  overlain  hy  a  dark  clay  which  occasionally  is  slightly 
oily. 

The  principal  intake  area  of  this  formation  is  in  southern  Wisconsin, 
in  the  southeast  part  of  Minnesota,  and  in  some  limited  localities  in 
this  State.  It  comes  to  the  surface  in  the  south  central  part  of  La  Salle 
county  in  the  Illinois  river  valley  and  in  the  valley  of  Rock  river  in  Ogle 
county.  Another  small  outcrop  has  been  found  on  the  Mississippi  river 
in  Calhoun  county.  At  all  of  these  points  it  has  been  elevated  by  the 
folding  already  spoken  of  as  effecting  the  Lower  Magnesian  and  the  Pots- 
dam formations.  Elsewhere  it  is  covered  by  later  sediments,  but  its 
position  and  the  depths  at  which  it  may  be  found  bv  drilling  are  fairly 
well  known  from  explorations  which  have  been  made  in  the  northern 
two-thirds  of  the  State. 

In  his  report1  on  the  water  resources  in  Illinois,  Mr.  Frank.  Leverett, 
presents  a  map  in  which  the  position  of  the  St.  Peters  sandstone  is  indi- 
cated for  the  entire  State.  According  to  this  map  it  lies  mainly  above 
the  level  of  the  sea  in  a  triangular  area  extending  from  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  State  and  converging  to  a  point  near  the  center  of  Liv- 
ingston county.  Over  this  tract  it  is  hence  within  a  distance  of  about 
800  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  rising  toward  the  north  and 
northwest  and  sinking  in  the  opposite  direction.  In  the  two  or  three 
tiers  of  counties  which  lie  nearest  the  Mississippi  river  from  Clinton,  la., 
to  Quincy,  and  in  the  country  between  the  Illinois  and  the  Mississippi 
south  of  this  latter  place,  it  lies  mainly  within  500  feet  below  the  level 
of  the  sea,  clipping  to  the  southeast.  It  is  hence  encountered  yt  depths 
of  from  1200  to  1400  feet.  In  about  the  same  position  it  is  also  found 
under  a  belt  of  land  some  fifty  miles  wide,  extending  from  Highland 
Park  past  Chicago  and  Kankakee  to  TJrbana,  and  in  the  proximity  of 
the  Mississippi  and  the  Ohio  rivers  along  the  southern  boundary  of 
the  State.  Under  the  remaining  large  tract  in  the  south  and  the  south 
central  part  of  the  State  the  St.  Peters  sandstone  probably  lies  more  than 
500  feet  below  the  sea.  Its  actual  position  is  less  accurately  known 
for  this  region. 

The  quality  of  the  St.  Peters  water  is  good.  In  some  wells  it  has  been 
found  to  be  somewhat  sulphurous,  probably  from  the  presence  of  iron 
sulphides  in  the  overlying  shale,  but  it  is  usually  not  salty,  except  at 
some  points  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State.  The  supply  is  quite 
copious,  but  it  has  been  noticed  that  in  some  places  where  many  wells 
draw  water  from  this  source,  its  head  has  been  slightly  lowered. 

The  head  of  the  water  in  the  St.  Peters  sandstone  approaches,  on  the 
Rock  Island  and  Chicago  section,  600  feet  above  sea  level.  But  it  varies 
considerably,  and  rises  somewhat  with  an  increasing  elevation  of  the 
land,  as  may  be  seen  from,  the  following  table : 


1  U.   S.  Geological  Survey,  17th  Annual  Report,  p.  2. 


udden.]  WATER-BEARING   FORMATIONS.  15 

Head  or  the  St.  Peters  Water. 

Feet. 

Barry    625 

Chicago,  Stock  Yards  well  590 

Chicago,  Morgan  Park  water  works  595 

Chicago,  Harvey  water  works   59 ?t 

Galesburg    635 

Lake  Forest  700 

Lemont 656 

Marseilles    500 

Mendota   700 

Milan    634 

Moline,  paper  mills 646 

Moline,  Prospect  Park 636 

-East  Moline 615 

Rock  Island,  Atlantic  brewery  647 

Rock  Island,  Mitchell  &  Lynde -644 

Wilmington     586 

Wilmington 600 

At  De  Kalb  the  head  of  this  water  is  considerablv  above  that  in  the 
wells  enumerated  in  the  foregoing  table,  and  it  ranges  from  772  to  844 
"feet  above  the  sea.    At  Elgin  the  St.  Peter  water  rises  to  740  feet. 

The  Trenton-Galena  Formation. 

Many  wells  have  been  made  which  draw  their  water  from  some  part 
•of  the  400  feet  of  limestone  overlying  the  St.  Peters  sandstone.  Usually 
this  water  is  found  in  a  horizon  at  about  250  feet  above  the  St.  Peters 
sandstone,  but  in  many  instances  it  has  been  reached  as  much  as  one 
hundred  feet  higher  up  than  this,  and  sometimes  it  is  found  considerably 
deeper  than  the  middle  of  the  formation.  This  water  is  not  confined 
to  any  regular  stratum  but  evidently  follows  joints  and  cavernous  pas- 
sages in  the  rock.  The  lower  one  hundred  feet  of  the  formation,  which 
is  usually  spoken  of  as  the  Trenton  limestone  in  a  restricted  sense,  is  a 
•calcareous,  thinly  bedded,  and  somewhat  clayey  limestone,  and  it  is  not 
as  open  in  texture  as  the  upper  part  of  the  formation.  This  is  nowhere 
known  to  have  yielded  any  water.  The  water  bearing  rock,  which  is 
limited  to  the  upper  three  hundred  feet,  is  a  magnesian  limestone  of 
more  porous  texture.  Its  flow  is  frequently  as  strong  as  that  of  the 
St.  Peters  water,  and  its  head  seems  to  be  about  the  same.  But  this 
water  is  often  found  to  be  highly  charged  with  hydrogen  sulphide,  and 
this  circumstance  sometimes  renders  it  disagreeable  to  the  taste  and 
limits  its  use  as  a  potable  water. 

Head  of  the  Trenton-Galena  Water. 

Feet. 

Carbon  Cliff   675 

Chicago 690 

Rock  Island 645 

As  this  water-bearing  horizon  lies  above  the  St.  Peters  rock  it  is  not 
always  necessary  to  go  down  to  the  latter  formation  in  order  to  secure 
■a  good  well.     This  is  especially  true  for  the  western  part  of  the  State, 


16  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF    WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

where  it  has  been  encountered  at  depths  varying  from  five  hundred  to  a 
thousand  feet.  As  these  two  formations  are  conformable,  the  dip  for 
both  is  the  same,  the  upper  rock  following  the  lower  in  the  folds  and 
dips  which  have  already  been  described. 

The  Niagara  Limestone. 

The  Trenton-G-alena  limestone  is  overlain  by  the  Cincinnati  shale, 
which  forms  an  impervious  cover,  confining  the  water  below  it.  There 
are  some  sandy  layers  in  this  shale,  but  it  is  nowhere  known  to  have 
furnished  any  water.  It  appears  to  be  everywhere  barren  in  this  respect. 
It  is  in  turn  capped  by  the  Niagara  limestone,  which  is  about  400  feet 
in  thickness  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  and  somewhat  less  than 
this  farther  south.  The  upper  two  hundred  feet  of  this  limestone  is  of 
a  porous  and  open  texture  and  frequently  furnishes  abundant  water. 
It  is  exposed  to  the  surface  and  underlies  the  drift  in  a  crescentic  belt 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  river  from  Jo  Daviess  county  to  the 
rapids  above  Eock  Island.  It  also  underlies  the  drift  over  a  more  ex- 
tended belt  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  State,  covering  the  greater 
part  of  McHenry  county,  all  of  Lake  county,  and  extends  along  the 
west  border  of  Lake  Michigan  as  far  as  Kankakee  river.  Three  small 
areas  occur  in  the  western  part  of  Union  and  Alexander  counties.  In 
all  of  these  localities  wells  measuring  from  fifty  to  two  hundred  feet  are 
sunk  into  this  limestone.  The  formation  is  probably  continuous  under 
most  of  that  part  of  the  State  which  is  south  of  Green  river,  and  it  can 
be  reached  at  depths  varying  from  two  hundred  to  one  thousand  feet, 
but  it  is  not  believed  that  many  of  the  deep  wells  made  in  his  region  are 
supplied  from  this  formation.  At  Carthage  a  water  bed  is  reported  at 
750  feet,  which  probably  belongs  in  the  Niagara,  and  at  Fort  Madison, 
Iowa  it  is  reported  at  from  610  to  687  feet.  At  Hamilton,  Hancock 
county,  Illinois,  it  is  reported  at  653  feet.  At  Peru,  Illinois  in  the  Zinc 
Company  well,  it  was  found  at  the  depth  of  750  feet  and  furnished  some 
water.  The  quality  of  the  water  from  this  horizon  appears  to  be  some- 
what variable  and  is  often  too  salty  for  general  use.  As  the  area,  of  out- 
crop of  this  limestone  occurs  in  regions  which  are  no  higher  than  the 
general  level  of  the  State,  the  head  of  this  water  is  low  and  it  flows  only 
when  tapped  in  the  lowest  valleys.  But  the  yield  is  abundant  and  a  great 
number  of  pumped  wells  take  their  supplv  from  this  formation  where  it 
is  the  country  rock  and  lies  at  a  small  depth  under  the  drift. 

The  Devonian  Strata. 

The  Devonian  rocks  have  a  limited  extent  in  this  State,  not  fully 
known.  They  underlie  at  least  a  part  of  the  rocks  of  the  Carboniferous 
age  and  outcrop  at  the  surface  over  an  area  which  perhaps  does  not 
exceed  300  square  miles  in  Eock  Island,  Calhoun,  Union,  and  Alexander 
counties.  The  Devonian  is  unimportant  as  a  water  bearing  formation, 
but  it  is  believed  to  be  the  source  of  a  flow  which  was  encountered  at  a 
depth  of  350  feet  in  a  well  at  Beardstown. 


udden.]  watee-beaeing  foemations.  17 

The  Mississippian  or  Lower  Carboniferous  Eocks. 

The  Mississippian  or  Lower  Carboniferous  rocks  overlie  the  Devonian 
beds  in  the  southern  two-thirds  of  the  State.  They  consist  mostly  of 
limestone  with  sandy  strata  and  the  latter  are  the  chief  source  of  water 
in  this  formation.  But  these  water  bearing  strata  have  few  places  of 
outcrop  at  the  surface  and  hence  their  intake  area  is  very  limited.  Two 
wells  at  Eedbud  and  one  well  at  Sparta  are  reported  to  draw  their  supply 
from  this  source,  but  this  rock  must  otherwise  be  regarded  as  of  com- 
paratively little  importance  so  far  as  it  has  been  explored  for  water. 

The  Coal  Measures. 

The  fact  that  the  southern  two-thirds  of  the  State  are  underlain  by  the 
Coal  Measures  is  a  most  significant  circumstance  relative  to  the  quality 
and  quantity  of  our  water  supply.  These  deposits  consist  largely  of  shale 
with  alternating  limestones  and  sandstones  and  with  seams  of  coal. 
The  impervious  shaly  material  probably  makes  up  four-fifths  of  the 
entire  formation,  and  for  this  reason  much  of  the  country  underlain  by 
the  Coal  Measures  is  unprofitable  to  the  prospector  for  water.  The  lime- 
stones are  mostly  quite  compact  and  impervious  so  as  not  to  readily 
yield  to  the  solvent  action  of  the  percolating  water.  Eeliance  must  be 
placed  on  the  sandstones  only.  But  these  are  frequently  associated 
with  carbonaceous  materials  which  are  apt  to  contain  impregnations  of 
various  mineral  salts,  such  as  sulphides  of  iron  and  of  magnesia,  in  con- 
siderable abundance.  In  this  way  we  find  that  whatever  water  can  be 
secured  from  the  sandstones  of  the  Coal  Measures  cannot  always  be  used 
for  the  purposes  desired.  The  sandy  strata  are  most  frequently 
present  in  the  lower  two  hundred  feet  of  the  formation.  On  the 
west  side  of  the  State  these  come  to  the  surface  in  a  belt  which 
extends  from  Eock  Island  county  to  Union  county,  approaching  the 
Mississippi  to  a  varying  distance  of  from  ten  to  sixty  miles.  To  the 
north  and  the  east  the  border  of  the  formation  runs  through  Henry, 
Bureau,  La  Salle,  Livingston,  Ford,  and  Iroquois  counties.  The  surface 
of  the  land  within  these  belts  has  a  lesser  average  elevation  than  the  land 
over  the  greater  part  of  the  region  which  the  formation  covers.  From 
this  circumstance  it  will  be  clear  that  the  conditions  necessary  for  pro- 
ducing a  flow  from  the  included  sandstones  must  be  very  exceptional. 
Such  flowing  wells  are  confined  exclusively  to  the  lowest  valleys  in  the 
region.  The  well  in  the  C.  E.  I.  &  P.  depot  at  Bureau  Junction  is  of 
this  kind.  Its  waters  contain  a  large  amount  of  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
and  this  mineral  is  perceptible  to  the  taste. 

The  Pleistocene  Formations. 

Except  in  the  five  counties  of  the  southernmost  part  of  the  State  and  in 
JoDaviess  county  at  the  northwest,  the  drift  is  everywhere  present,  over- 
lying the  older  rocks  which  we  have  already  described.  It  has  an  aver- 
age thickness  of  fifty  feet  but  measures  more  than  a  hundred  feet  over 

—2  G 


18  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

an  area  of  about  one-third  of  the  State,     Most  of  the  thick  drift  lies  • 
to  the  northwest  of  the  center  of  the  State.    In  parts  of  Bureau  county 
it  measures  400  feet.     By  far  the  greater  number  of  wells  draw  their 
supply  from  the  drift,  and  from  an  economic  point  of  view  the  drift 
is  by  far  the  most  important  of  all  our  water  bearing  formations. 

For  practical  purposes  we  may  consider  the  drift  as  consisting  of 
three  different  parts:  1.  Boulder  clay.  2.  Alluvial  drift.  ,  3.  Loess. 
It  is  desirable  to  here  present  a  brief  description  of  the  occurrence  of 
water  in  each  of  these  three  kinds  of  drift. 

Boulder  Clay. — The  boulder  clay  is  quite  generally  known  as  "blue 
clay."  Some  well  makers  call  it  "hard  pan,"  and  others  refer  to  it  as 
"stony  clay"  or  "pebbly  clay."  It  consists  of  a  compact  mass  of  fine 
clay,  with  which  are  mixed  grains  of  sand,  pebbles,  and  larger  frag- 
ments of  rock.  The  latter  are  called  boulders,  and  they  give  the  clay  its 
geological  name.  It  is  the  least  sorted  of  all  formations,  and 
we  find  in  its  mass  the  finest  clay  packed  close  together  in  the 
interstices  among  the  coarser  materials.  It  is  hence  very  impervious 
to  water,  and  no  good  wells  can  be  made  in  the  boulder  clay  if  this  does 
not  contain  any  sandy  strata.  In  regions  where  the  boulder  clay  is 
heavy  and  where  no  sandy  layers  can  be  reached  ■underneath,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  make  the  wells  deep  and  wide  in  order  to  secure  even  a  moder- 
ately large  quantity  of  water  from  seepage.  Sometimes  open  wells  are 
made  ^a.nd  set  with"  brick,  and  from  the  bottoms  of  these  wells  tunnels 
are  extended  laterally  into  .the  clay,  twenty  to  thirty  feet  in  length,  and 
these  are  also  set  with  brick.  By  this  -tunneling  a  larger  seepage  sur- 
face is  secured.  In  other  localities  where  the  boulders  are  not  too 
frequent  and  where  the  boulder  clay  is  somewhat  less  compact,  wells  are 
made  by  large  augers,  two  feet  in  diameter,  and  afterward  set  with 
large  tile. 

But  quite  often  the  boulder  clay  contains  strata  of  sand.  In  some 
localities  these  may  be  very  extensive  and  are  then  usually  the  main  re- 
liance for  a  good  water  supply.  Even  when  such  layers  are  no  more 
than  one  or  two  feet  thick,  they  may  furnish  a  large  quantity  of  water. 
They  vary  in  coarseness  from  very  fine  sand  to  graved,  and  they  may 
run  their  course  in  the  boulder  clay  from  a  few  rods  to  several  miles. 
Many  of  them,  no  doubt,  draw  their  supply  of  water  from  the  boulder 
clay  by  seepage;  while  in  other  localities  the  more  extensive  strata,  ap- 
parently come  up  to  the  surface  and  are  at  least  partly  filled  more  directly 
by  the  rainfall.  When  water  is  abundant  from  such  sandy  strata  wells 
are  frequently  bored  and  then  cased  with  iron  tubing  or  with  tile. 

As  compared  with  other  sediments  the  drift  is  exceedingly  variable 
in  its  nature  and  texture.  The  sandy  strata  may  be  absent  or  present. 
In  short  distances  they  may  change  from  coarse  to  fine  material  and  as 
rapidly  thin  out  or  fail  altogether,  and  they  may  rise  or  sink  in  the 
formation  to  which  they  belong.  As  a  consequence,  we  find  that  the 
drift  is  a  rather  unreliable  source  of  water.  Because  a  successful  well 
has  been  made  at  one  point  it  can  never  with  certainty  be  predicted  that 
an  equally  good  well  can  be  made  within  a  short  distance  from  the  sue- 


udden.]  MINEKAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS.  19 

cessful  well.  The  sunrjly  is  apt  to  vary  greatly  in  short  distances.  As  a 
rule  drift  wells  will  not  overflow.  The  height  to  which  the  water  rises 
in  a  seepage  well  is  presunlably  the  level  of  the  ground  water.  But  in 
places  where  water  is  drawn  from  an  extensive  gravel  or  from  some 
sandy  stratum  under  the  clay,  it  sometimes  happens  that  flowing  wells 
can  be  made.  This  is  due  to  the  existence  of  the  usual  artesian  condi- 
tions. The  water  bearing  sands  have  an  intake  area  at  a  point  where 
the  level  of  the  ground  water  lies  higher  than  the  curb  of  the  flowing 
well.  In  every  case  such  instances  of  artesian  wells  of  the  cfrift  lie  in 
regions  where  the  topography  of  the  drift  has  a  considerable  range  of 
altitude.  The  artesian  basins  of  this  kind  are  always  of  a  much  more 
limited  extent  than  similar  basins  in  the  older  and  more  deep  lying 
rocks. 

The  principal  known  occurrences  of  artesian  drift  wells  in  Illinois  are 
as  below: 

1.  In  the  valley  of  a  tributary  to  Bureau  creek  about  six  miles  southeast  'of 
Princeton,  in  Bureau  county. 

2.  A  small  tract  in  the  southwest  corner  of  DeKalb  county. 

3.  In  the  valley  of  the  Kishwaukee  river  northwest  of  Sycamore,  DeKalb 
county. 

4.  A  small  area  a  little  south  of  the  center  of  Lake  county. 

5.  Two  small  areas  in  the  west  arm  of  Cook  county,  some  eight  or  ten 
miles  east  of  Elgin. 

6.  A  tract  in  the  center  of  Kendall  county  along  the  valley  of  a  tributary 
to  Fox  river  at  Yorkville. 

7.  In  the  valley  of  the  Big  Vermilion  in  the  southeast  corner  of  Champaign 
county  and  in  the  northwestern  part  of  Vermilion  county. 

9.  A  large  area  in  Iroquois  county,  covering  fully  one-half  of  this  county, 
lying  mostly  in  the  center  but  with  arms  extending  into  Indiana  on  the  east, 
Kankakee  county  on  the  north,  and  Ford  county  on  the  west. 

The  quality  of  the  water  from  the  boulder  clay  varies  with  the  nature 
of  the  drift.  Generally  it  is  hard  water,  containing  considerable  quanti- 
ties of  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron. 

Alluvium. — The  alluvium  deposits  consist  of  gravels,  sands  afnd  silt, 
which  fill  the  bottoms  that  have  been  made  by  the  present  drainage  of 
the  country.  These  sands  and  gravels  are  always  stratified  and  of  a 
clean  and  open  texture.  The  associated  silts  are  somewhat  more  com- 
pact but  invariably  contain  sandy  layers  at  greater  or  less  depth.  The 
water  held  in  the  alluvial  deposits  may  be  regarded  as  being  a  part  of 
the  water  of  the  streams.  It  often  has  the  same  head  as  the  water  in 
the  open  channel.  Farthest  out  on  the  sides  of  the  valleys  it  may  be 
slightly  higher.  Almost  everywhere  on  the  so-called  first  and  second 
bottoms  of  the  larger  streams,  water  can  be  obtained  at  no  great  depth 
from  the  sands  of  this  drift.  The  supply  is  invariably  abundant  except- 
ing in  the  smaller  streams  where  it  may  run  low  in  dry  seasons.  The 
most  common  way  to  reach  the  water  on  such  lands  is  to  make  "driven 
wells/7  Their  construction  is  cheap  as  well  as  easy.  A  screened  point 
is  attached  to  an  iron  rjiDe  and  this  is  driven  down  to  a  denth  of  from 
twenty  to  sixty  feet,  where  the  sand  is  reached.  A  pump  is  then  at- 
tached to  the  upper  end  of  this  tube.  The  well  maker  must  of  course 
see  to  it  that  the  valve  of  the  pump  is  sufficiently  far  down  to  draw  the 


20  MINERAL   CONTENT    OF    WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

water  from  the  head  below.  Where  the  water  does  not  rise  within  twenty- 
five  feet  of  the  surface  it  is  then  necessary  to  widen  the  well  above,  so 
as  to  allow  the  lowering  of  the  suction  valve  to  the  requisite  depth. 

While  the  supply  of  water  furnished  by  the  river  drift  is  usually  as 
pure  as  the  water  of  the  boulder  clay  it  is  in  some  localities  quite  heavily 
charged  with  salts  of  iron.  Some  alluvial  waters  have  a  strongly  chaly- 
beate taste.  When  left  to  stand  in  open  troughs  the  water  from  many 
of  these  wells  becomes  turbid  from. the  oxidation  of  these  salts.  In  other 
localities  the  water  may  have  an  oily  taste,  due  to  the  presence  of  an- 
cient vegetation.  Owing  to  the  ready  flow  of  the  ground  water  in  these 
loose  sands  it  is  quite  liable  to  be  contaminated  from  surface  seepage. 

Loess. — In  the  southern  and  the  western  part  of  the  State  the  up- 
lands are  everywhere  covered  by  a  deposit  called  "loess."  This  is  some- 
what like  silt  in  texture,  but  it  is  much  more  open  and  porous  than 
the  common  water  silts.  To  well  men  it  is  usually  known  as  "yellow 
clay"  or,  as  in,  the  southern  part  of  the  State,  "white  clay."  It  varies 
from  five  to  forty  feet  in  thickness  and  probably  averages  on  most  up- 
lands where  it  occurs  about  twenty  feet.  Where  the  level  of  the  upland 
is  fairly  flat,  the  loess  is  so  porous  as  to  permit  the  total  rainfall  to  be 
absorbed  and  for  some  time  stored.  This  is  especially  true  of  the  region 
north  and  west  of  the  Kaskaskia  river.  In  the  southern  part  of  the 
State  it  is  somewhat  less  porous  and  sheds  more  of  the  rainfall.  The 
water  which  is  thus  absorbed  slowlv  sinks,  until  it  reaches  the  boulder 
clay  under  the  loess.  This  is  much  less  open  in  its  texture  and  thus  the 
water  is  held  on  its  surface  in  the  lower  part  of  the  loess. 
Before  the  original  vegetation  was  destroyed  seep  springs  could 
everywhere  be  found  at  the  level  of  the  junction  of  these  two  form- 
ations in  the  western  part  of  the  State.  Even  at  the  present 
time  many  such  springs  >3main  and  the  difference  in  the  nature  of  the 
two  formations  is  evident.  During  the  rainy  season  many  streams 
which  come  down  from  the  upland  loess  and  cut  into  the  underlying 
boulder  clay,  show  a  greater  quantity  of  water  after  they  have  reached 
the  lower  formation. 

The  water  stored  in  the  lower  part  of  the  loess  was  usually  sufficient 
for  the  needs  of  the  wells  of  the  first  settlers,  and  it  was  seldom  neces- 
sary to  go  below  this  level  in  the  loess  region  for  a  permanent  water 
supply.  Even  now  the  supply  may  hold  out  on  some  of  the  flat  uplands 
in  the  counties  covered  by  this  deposit.  But  probably  more  than  half 
of  all  the  wells  which  once  relied  upon  this  formation  have  gone  dry, 
owing  to  the  general  lowerinsr  of  the  level  of  the  ground  water  attendant 
upon  the  changes  due  to  the  coming  of  agriculture.  The  original  sur- 
face of  the  boulder  clay  under  the  loess  was  not  an  even  plain  but  must 
have  had  a  somewhat  diversified  relief  of  its  own,  not  always  the  same 
as  that  of  the  land  today.  Where  the  underground  drainage  following 
the  upper  surface  of  this  old  relief  is  favorable  for  the  accumulation  of 
water,  these  wells  may  be  expected  to  remain  permanent,  but  in  situ- 
ations where  this  drainage  is  less  hemmed  in,  the  wells  have  already  in 
many  cases  become  dry. 


udden.]  WATEE-BEARING   FORMATIONS.  21 

• 

The  lower  part  of  the  loess,  in  which  the  water  occurs,  frequently  has 
a  dark  or  blue  color.  Well  makers  sometimes  call  this  dark  base  of  the 
loess  "sea  mud/'  "Noah's  P-arden,"  or  ^grandmother's  garden."  These 
names  have  been  suggested  by  the  fact  that  the  water  bearing  stratum 
contains  various  remains  of  plants,  such  as  logs,  roots,  branches  and 
leaves  of  trees  and  other  plants.  Occasionally  there  is  even  an  odor  of 
decaying  vegetation  and  there  may  be  an  oil^  scum  on  the  water,  which 
may  also  hold  considerable  quantities  of  minerals  in  solution.  This 
water  is  most  often  obtained  by  making  open  wells  sunk  down  into  the 
top  of  the  boulder  clay.  Such  wells  may  stand  for  many  years  without 
falling  in,  even  when  not  protected  by  curbing.  This  stability  of  the 
loess  is  due  to  absence  of  horizontal  stratification  and. to  the  fact  that 
all  the  joints  which  are  found  in  this  deposit,  extend  in  a  vertical  direc- 
tion. 

Springs. 

Geologically  considered,  springs  may  be  referred  to  one  or  the  other 
of  two  groups:  1.  Springs  issuing  from  the  drift,  and  2.  Springs 
issuing  from  the  bed  rock.  The  drift  springs  are  the  most  numerous. 
A  great  number  of  small  springs  issue  from  the  base  of  the  loess,  as  has 
already  been  explained.  Other  springs  issue  from  sandy  and  gravelly 
strata,  which  lie  in  the  boulder  clay  or  beneath  it.  Some  of  these'  deeper 
.springs  of  the  drift  are  of  considerable  size  and  some  of  them  are  asso- 
ciated with  Artesian  conditions,  the  water  coming  from  strata  which  may 
lie  in  part  at  greater  depths  than  the  mouth  of  the  spring  and  in  part 
above  this  level.  These  springs  usually  maintain  during  the  year  a  very 
■steady  temperature  of  about  forty-nine  or  fifty  degrees  Fahrenheit. 
Chemically  the  water  of  the  drift  springs  is  variable,  owing  to  the  great 
local  differences  in  the  nature  of  the  drift. 

Springs  which  issue  from  bed  rock  are  mostly  of  shallow  origin,  as 
Tthe  strata  lie  practically  in  a  horizontal  position  over  the  entire  strata. 
They  represent  the -outflow  of  water  which  has  entered  the  drift  and 
has  sunk  into  the  superficial  layers  of  the  bed  rock,  and  which  is  follow- 
ing bedding  planes  and  joints  that  lie  above  the  valleys  and  drain  into 
them,.  For  this  reason  we  find  most  of  these  springs  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  State,  where  the  drift  is  thinnest  and  the  valleys  deepest 
and  most  numerous.  They  are  also  common  in  the  limestone  region  in 
the  driftless  area  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  State.  Springs  with  a 
•deep  underground  source  are  believed  to  be  few.  In  the  absence  of 
data  on  their  temperature,  indicating  a  deep  origin,  we  may  conclude 
that  such  springs  must  be  confined  to  those  limited  tracts  that  exhibit 
violent  folding  of  the  bed  rock.  It  has  already  been  stated  that  such 
folded  structure  of  the  formations  occurs  in  La  Salle,  Calhoun,  Jersey, 
Union  and  Alexander  counties. 


22  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  WATERS  ACCORDING   TO  PHYSICAL 
AND  CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES. 

[By  Edward  Bartow.] 


General. 

When  it  is  possible  to  determine  the  temperature,  waters  are  some- 
times classified  accordingly  as  thermal  or  non-thermal.  Dr.  A.  CL 
Peale]  has  suggested  that  springs  having  a  temperature  above  70°  F.r 
should  be  classified  as  thermal,  those  from  70°  to  98°  F.,  be  called  tepid 
or  warm,  and  all  above  98°  F.,  should  be  called  hot.  This  seems,  to  us 
a  very  satisfactory  method,  but  we  are  unable  to  thus  classify  the  Illi- 
nois waters  as  no  such  data  concerning  them  has  been  obtained. 

Numerous  authors  have*  suggested  various  methods  of  classifying 
waters  according  to  the  chemical  composition  of  the  salts  or  gases  which 
they  contain.  Some  classification  is  certainly  desirable.  It  is,  how- 
ever, difficult  to  find  a  classification  which  will  answer  the  requirements 
of  all  interested  parties.  We  have  deemed  it  best  in  this  work,  to 
assign  the  waters  to  no  special  class,  but  to  report  the  ions  and  the 
hypothetical  combinations,  so  arranged,  that  any  person  who  desires  to- 
compare  similar  waters,  may  easily  do  so.  We  submit  an  outline  de- 
scribing some  of  the  most  important  classifications  for  reference.2 

A  GERMAN  CLASSIFICATION.3 


Simple  carbonated. 

I.    Alkaline.. •{  Alkaline. 

Alkali  and  common  salt. 
II.    Glauber  salt. 

Pure. 

III.    Iron {  Alkaline  and  saline. 

Earthy  and  saline. 


Simple. 

IV.    Common  salt ■{  Concentrated. 

With  bromine. 

V.  Epsom  salts. 

VI.  Sulphur. 

VII.  Earthy  and  calcareous. 

VIII.  Indifferent. 


1  United  States  Geological  Survey,  Fourteenth  Annual  Report,   p.   68. 

2  Compare  Crook,  The  Mineral  Waters  of  the  United  States,  New  York,  1899,  p.  28. 

3  McPherson,  John.     The  Baths  and  Wells  of  Europe.     London,  1S69,  p.  94. 


BARTOW.] 


CLASSIFICATION   OF   WATERS. 


23 


A  FRENCH  CLASSIFICATION.  1 
T       CSnlnhnr  watf»r*  J  With  SaltS  °f  SOdium. 

I.    Sulphur  waters j  With  salts  of  lime. 

I  Simple. 

II.    Chloride  of  sodium  waters <  With  bicarbonates. 

(  Sulphureted. 

(  Bicarbonate  of  soda. 

III.  Bicarbonated  waters <  Bicarbonate  of  lime. 

(  Mixed  bicarbonates. 

[Sulphate  of  soda. 

IV.  Sulphated  waters 1  iffiSI  S'f 'Snesium. 

l^Mixed  sulphates.  . 

I  Bicarbonated. 

V.    Ferruginous  waters... <  Sulphated. 

(  With  salts  of  manganese. 


AN  AMERICAN  CLASSIFICATION.  2 

(Mixed  chemical  and  therapeutical.) 

I  Pure. 

I.    Alkaline  waters ■<  Acidulous  (carbonic  acid). 

(  Muriated  (chloride  of  sodium). 

(  Pure. 

II.    Saline ]  Alkaline. 

( Iodo-bromated. 

i  Alkaline. 

III.  Sulphur  waters •<  Saline  (chloride  of  sodium). 

I  Calcic. 

fPure. 
I  Alkaline. 

IV.  Chalybeate -{  Saline  (chloride  of  sodium). 

|  Calcic. 
'^Aluminous. 

(  Epsom  salt  (sulphate  of  magnesium). 

V.    Purgative  waters ■<  Glauber  salt  (sulphate  cf  soda). 

(  Alkaline. 

VI     Calcic  waters  \  Limestone  (carbonate  of  lime). 

I  Gypsum  (sulphate  of  lime). 

fPure. 
|  Alkaline. 

VII.    Thermal  waters -{  Saline  (chloride  of  sodium). 

|  Sulphur. 
LCalcic. 

AN  ENGLISH  CLASSIFICATION.  3 

I.  Simple  thermal  waters.  V.  Iron  or  chalybeate  waters. 

II.  Common  salt  or  muriated  waters.  VI.  Arsenic  waters. 

III.  Alkaline  waters.  VII.  Sulphur  waters. 

IV.  Sulphated  alkaline  waters.  VIII.  Earthy  or  calcareous  waters. 

These  classifications  are  faulty  in  that  the  various  divisions  are  not 
sufficiently  distinctive,  and  many  waters  could  be  placed  in  two  or 
more  classes. 

The  scheme  of  Dr.  Albert  C.  Peale4  overcomes  this  difficulty  as  no 
waters  can  fall  into  more  than  one  of  his  main  classes.  Dr.  Peale  makes 
no  provision  for  the  difference  in  concentration  of  the  various  waters. 
Waters  of  the  same  relative  composition  but  varying  greatly  in  con- 
centration are  not  distinguished. 


1  iDictionaire  des  Eaux  Minerales.     Paris,  1860,  Tome  1,  page  403. 

2  Walton's  Mineral  Springs  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  1872,  page  33. 

3  Herman  Weber,   in  Allbutt's  System  of  Medicine,   1896,   page  319. 

4  United  States  Geological   Survey,  Fourteenth  Annual  Report,   1894,   p.   66. 


24 


MJNEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


Peale's  Classification. 
Group  A.  Nonthermal.    Group  B.  Thermal. 

Class  I.    Alkaline. 

fSodic. 
Class  II.    Alkaline-Saline \  f^ated.  |  $&c. 

-{  Calcic. 
rin«5<5  TTT     Saline  i  Sulphated.  i  Magnesic. 

Class  111.    balme }  Muriated.  |  Chalybeate. 

[.Aluminous. 
(  Sulphated. 

Class  IV.    Acid •<  Muriated.  c  a„i„u„i.** 

(  SiliHnim  i  Sulphated.  . 

Q&uicious... 1  Muriated. 


f  Nongaseous. 
I  Carbonated. 
-{  Sulphureted. 
I  Azotized. 
LCarbureted. 


MODIFICATIONS    OF    PeALe's    CLASSIFICATION. 

Crook1  follows  quite  closely  Peale's  scheme,  but  substitutes  a  chaly- 
beate group  instead  of  the  acid  group  and  adds  a  class  of  neutral  or 
indifferent  waters,  to  distinguish  that  class  of  waters  in  which  there  is 
but  a  small  amount  of  mineral  matter. 

Haywood2  follows  Peale  very  closely,  making  the  method  of  classifica- 
tion more  comprehensive  by  including  more  acids  in  his  scheme. 

Haywood's  Classification. 
Groups— Thermal.    Nonthermal, 
Class.  Subclass. 

f  Carbonated  or  bi- 

*■    Valine ]  B^eT^'         fgggc. 

tSilicated.  |  lassie. 

(Sulphated.       .        I  Ma?nesir'  f  Nongaseous. 

II.  Alkaline— Saline ■{  Muriated.  FprTii£?nnn«  I  Carbondioxattd. 

I  Nitrated.  -|  l?nrmgn?r  J  Sulphureted. 

I  aSS\?  I  Azotized. 

( Sulphated.  Rromir  I  Carbureted. 

III.  Saline ^Muriated.  t«h,>  LOxygenated. 

1  Nitrated.  |  |^ous. 

n,      A  ■  ..  (Sulphated.  I  Boric. 

IV-    Acid 1  Muriated. 

Blatchley3  uses  a  modification  of  Peale's  scheme  leaving  out  the  alka- 
line-saline class,  substituting  "chalybeate"  for  "acid,"  and  adding  a 
neutral  indifferent  group. 

BAILEY'S  CLASSIFICATION. 

Bailey4  suggests  a  grouping,  based  upon  the  predominant  ions  present 
as  follows : 

I.  Chlorid  group,  or  those  in  which  chlorin  ion  (CI)  is  the  predomin- 
ant one. 

II.  Sulfate  group,  or  that  in  which  there  is  a  predominance  of  the  sul- 
fate ion. 

III.  The  chlor-sulfate  group,  or  waters  which  contain  about  equal  amounts 
of  sulphate  and  the  chlorin  ion. 

IV.  The  carbonate  group,  or  those  in  which  the  carbonate  ions  (COS)  are 
abundant. 

.    l  Crook,  Mineral  Waters  of  the  United  States,  p.  30. 

2  Haywood  U.   S.  Department  of  Agriculture,   Bureau  of  Chemistry,   Bull.   No.   91. 

3  Blatchley,   26th  Annual  Report  of  the  State  Geologist  of  Indiana,   1901',   p.  15. 

4  Bailey,  University  Geological  Survey  of  Kansas,  Vol.   7,  p.   98. 


bartow.J  CLASSIFICATION   OF    WATEES.  25 

V.  The  chlor-sulfo-carbonate  group,  or  those  containing  considerable  quan- 
tities of  each  of  these  ions. 

VI.  The  sulfid  group,  or  those  waters  that  give  off  hydrogen  sulfid,  and  are 
commonly  called  sulfur  waters. 

VII.  The  chalybeate  or  iron  group.     (This  may  also  contain  the  few  man- 
ganese waters). 

VIII.  The   special   group,   or   those  waters   containing   some   special   sub- 
stance, like  lithium,  borax,  etc. 

IX.  The  soft  water  group,  or  those  waters  that  contain  only  small  quan- 
tities of  any  mineral  substances. 

SWEITZER'S  CLASSIFICATION". 

Sweitzer1  suggests  a  classification  based  on  the  presence  of  acids,  iron 
or  sulphur. 

Schedule  of  Classification. 

Class  I.     Muriatic  Waters. 

Waters  containing,  as  their  main  constituents,  sodium  chloride 
or  common  salt. 

a.  First  Group. 

Waters  containing,  besides  sodium  chloride,  also  calcium  chlor- 
ide, magnesium  chloride,  calcium  -  sulphate  (magnesium  sul- 
phate absent). 

b.  Second  Group. 

Waters  containing"  besides  sodium  chloride,  also  magnesium 
chloride,  calcium  sulphate   (calcium  chloride  absent). 

c.  Third  Group. 

Waters  containing  besides  sodium  chloride,  also  magnesium  sul- 
phate, calcium  sulphate   (calcium  and  magnesium  chloride  ab- 
sent). v 
Class  II.     Alkaline  Waters. 

Waters  containing  sodium  carbonate  or  magnesium  carbonate. 

a.  First  Group. 

Waters  containing  sodium  carbonate  with  or  without  magnesium 
carbonate. 

b.  Second  Group. 

Waters  containing  magnesium  carbonate  only. 
Class  III.     Sulphatic  Waters. 

Waters  containing  one  or  more  sulphates  as  their  main  constit- 
uent. 

a.  First  Group. 

Waters  containing  sodium  sulphate  or  Glauber's  salt. 

b.  Second  Group. 

Waters  containing  magnesium  sulphate  or  Epsom  salts. 

c.  Third  Group. 

Waters  containing  ferrous  sulphate,  ferric  sulphate,  aluminum 
sulphate,  either  singly  or  together. 
Class  IV.     Chalybeate  Waters. 

Waters  containing  as  their  most  efficient  constituent  some  fer- 
rous carbonate. 

a.  First  Group. 

(Pure  Chalybeate  Waters),  Waters  containing  ferrous  carbonate, 
magnesium  carbonate,  sodium  carbonate  (magnesium  sulphate 
and  calcium  sulphate  absent). 

b.  Second  Group. 

(Saline  Chalybeate  Waters).  Waters  containing  ferrous  carbon- 
ate, magnesium  carbonate,  magnesium  sulphate  (sodium  car- 
bonate and  calcium  sulphate  absent). 


l  Sweitzer,  Missouri  Geological  Survey,  Vol.  3,  p.  25. 


26  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

c.     Third  Group. 

(Semi-Chalybeate  Waters).     Waters   containing  ferrous  carbon- 
ate, magnesium  carbonate,  magnesium  sulphate,  calcium  sul- 
phate.    (This  latter,  as  explained  previously,  involves  the  ex- 
istence of  ferrous  sulphate). 
Class  V.     Sulphur  Waters. 

This  class  might  naturally  be  divided  into  three  groups;  waters 
containing  sulphides  only;  waters  containing  sulphides  and 
sulphydrates;  and  waters  containing  free  sulphydric  acid,  sul- 
phides and  other  thio-compounds. 

CONCLUSIONS. 

Of  these  classifications,  the  schemes  of  Peale  or  of  Haywood  seem  the 
best.  It  is  a  question,  however,  whether  it  is  not  better  to  consider  the 
amount  of  the  constitutents  reported  in  the  analysis,  rather  than  to  try 
to  indicate  the  kind  of  content  by  a  class  name.  For  example,  two  waters 
containing  respectively,  250  and  2,000  parts  per  million  of  mineral 
matter  of  the  same  relative  composition,  if  classified,  would  fall  in  the 
same  division.  The  class  name  would  not  give  the  reader  an  adequate 
idea  of  the  relative  properties  of  the  waters.  Both  might  be  classified 
as,  "carbonated,  sodic,  calcic,  muriated,  alkaline-saline/'  The  former 
would  be  a  very  satisfactory  water.  The  latter  would  be  a  water  too 
hard  for  household  uses,  and  would  contain  so  much  salt  that  it  would 
be  evident  to  the  taste. 

Another  illustration  of  the  difficulty  of  a  classification  according  to 
the  kind  of  content,  is  met  with  when  we  consider  the  purposes  fqfr 
which  an  analysis  of  the  mineral  content  is  made.  The  physician  wishes 
to  know  the  therapeutic  or  physiological  action,  for  example,  to  know 
whether  a  water  contains  sulphates  of  sodium  or  magnesium.  These 
two  salts  have  a  similar  therapeutic  effect  and  the  classification  "sul- 
phatic,"  which  would  include  waters  containing  either  or  both  salts, 
would  give  the  information  desired. 

Such  a  classification  does  not  suit  the  engineer  or  the  chemist  in 
charge  of  water  softening.  They  must  know  the  relative  amount  of  the 
two  salts,  for  the  sodium  sulphate  would  have  little  effect  on  a  boiler, 
while  the  magnesium  sulphate  would  be  instrumental  in  forming  a  hard 
scale. 

Our  scheme  of  reporting  "ions"  and  "hypothetical  combinations,"  is 
helpful  to  all  parties.  The  physician  or  the  mineral  water  therapist 
can  note  the  predominance  of  ions,  the  engineer  can  see  how  the  acid  and 
basic  ions  balance  each  other,  and  the  manufacturer  can  by  inspection, 
tell  whether  substances  harmful  to  his  business  are  present,  whatever 
the  need  for  the  water,  whether  in  the  manufacture  of  starch,  paints, 
dyes,  or  dairy  products,  etc. 

The  division  into  hypothetical  combinations  is  of  especial  use  to  the 
engineer.  As  the  ions  are  set  off  against  each  other,  an  excess  of  nitrate 
and  chlorine  ions  over  the  sodium  ions,  indicates  corrosive  properties  in 
the  water.  When  the  nitrate,  chlorine  and  sulphate  ions  exceed  the 
sodium,  a  tendency  to  form  a  hard  scale  is  indicated,  as  the  sulphate  is 
left  to  combine  with  the  magnesium  or  calcium. 


bartow.]  CLASSIFICATION   OF   WATERS.  27 

The  character  of  treatment  required,  can  also  be  determined  from  the 
hypothetical  combinations;  for  example,  when  the  nitrate,  chlorine  and 
sulphate  ions  exceed  the  sodium  ions,  magnesium  sulphate  will  appear 
in  the  hypothetical  combinations,  ami  enough  sodium  hydroxide  or  car- 
bonate must  be  added  to  react  with  it.  When  the  sodium  ions  are  in 
excess,  it  is  shown  by  the  appearance  of  sodium,  carbonate  in  the  hypo- 
thetical combinations  and,  of  course,  no  sodium  carbonate  or  hydroxide 
are  needed.  The  appearance  of  either  magnesium  sulphate  or  sodium 
carbonate  in  the  hypothetical  combinations,  divides  the  waters  of  the 
State  in  two  groups,  that  seem  to  us  so  important,  that  we  have  prepared 
two  maps  to  illustrate  their  relative  distribution  throughout  the  State. 
The  sodium  carbonate  waters  are  seen  on  Plate  2,  and  the  magnesium 
sulphate  waters  on  Plate  3. 

In  the  chapter  on  Medicinal  Springs  of  Illinois,  Dr.  Palmer  has  classi- 
fied the  springs  mentioned,  according  to  Peale's  method.  This  is  the 
only  chapter  in  which  a  classification  according  to  any  of  the  outlines 
given,  has  been  attemped. 


28 

STATE  GEOLOGICAL.  SURVEY. 


BULL.  NO.  10,  PLATE  2. 


LEGEND 

•  SPRINGS 

*  SHALLOW  DRIFT 
a  DEEP  DRIFT 
a  SHALLOW  POCK 
■DEEP  ROCK 
+  STREAMS 


Illinois    waters    containing-    sodium    carbonate. 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL*  'SURVEY. 


BUL-L.  NO.   10,  PLATE  3. 


LEGEND 

•    SPRINGS 
a  SHALLOW  DRIFT 
^  DEEP  DRIFT 
a  SHALLOW  POCK 
■DEEP  ROCK 
+  STREAMS 


Illinois  waters  containing-  magnesium  sulphate. 


30  MINERAL   CONTENT    OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 


METHODS  AND  INTERPRETATIONS. 

[By  Edward  Bartow.] 


Methods  of  Analysis, 
sanitary. 

As  soon  as  the  samples  are  received  at  the  laboratory  the  cloth  which 
covers  the  stopper  is  removed,  the  stopper  and  neck  of  the  bottle  is 
cleaned,  the  contents  are  thoroughly  shaken  in  order  to  mix  them  com- 
pletely and  a  little  water  is  poured  out  in  order  to  rinse  off  the  neck  and 
lip.  The  amounts  required  for  the  various  determinations  are  then 
measured  out. 

Determinations  of  those  constitutents  which  are  most  susceptible  to 
change  are  started. 

The  sanitary  determinations  made  are  as  follows: 

Turbidity  and  Sediment. — The  determinations  of  turbidity  and  sedi- 
ment described  in  this  report  have  been  made  by  inspection.  The  terms 
"slight,"  "distinct,"  "decided,"  "much,"  and  "very  much"  are  used 
to  indicate  the  degree  of  turbidity.  The  terms  "very  little,"  "little," 
"considerable,"  "much"  and  "very  much,"  are  used  to  roughly  indi- 
cate the  quantity  of  sediment.  The  methods  recommended  by  the 
American- Public  Health  Association,1  have  been  recently  adopted  in  this 
laboratory.  By  this  method,  turbidity  is  reported  on  the  so-called  silica 
scale.  The  numbers  represent  the  equivalents  of  parts  per  million  of 
finely  divided  silica  in,  suspension.  Artificial  standards  for  comparison 
are  used  for  turbidities  below  100  and  the  electric  turbidimeter  for  more 
turbid  Waters. 

Color. — The  color  has  been  determined  according  to  the  Nessler 
scale.  That  is,  the  color  has  been  compared  to  the  tint  developed  in  the 
Nessler  standards.  The  figures  correspond  to  the  color  formed  in  50 
c.  c.  of  water  by  definite  quantities  of  nitrogen  as  ammonia. 

Odor. — After  shaking  the  sample  thoroughly  the  stopper  is  quickly 
removed  and  the  odor  noted.  In  the  more  recent  samples  we  have  used 
the  method  of  reporting  recommended  by  the  American  Public  Health 
Association.2 


1  Journal  Infectious  Diseases  1st  supplement,  p.  16. 

2  Journal  Infectious  Diseases  1st  supplement,  p.   23. 


BARTOW. 1 


METHODS   OF    SANITARY   ANALYSIS. 


31 


In  brief,  -this  method  describes  the  odor  as 

v — vegetable.  m — Moldy, 

a — aromatic.  M— musty, 

g — gassy.  (^disagreeable, 

f — fishy.  p — peaty, 

e — earthy.  s — sweetish, 
and  indicates  the  degrees  of  the  odor  bv  figures  0-5  as  follows: 


Numer- 
ical 
value. 

Term. 

Approximate  Definition. 

0 

None 

No  odor  perceptible. 

1 

Very  faint 

An  odor  that  would  not  be  ordinarily  detected  by  the  average  con- 
sumer, but  that  could  be  detected  in  the  laboratory  by  an  exper- 
ienced observer. 

2 

Faint 

An  odor  that  the  consumer  might  detect  if  his  attention  were  called 
to  it,  but  that  would  not  otherwise  attract  attention. 

3 

Distinct 

An  odor  that  would  be  readily  detected  and  that  might  cause  the 
water  to  be  regarded  with  disfavor. 

4 

Decided 

An  odor  that  would  force  itself  upon  the  attention  and  might  make 
the  water  unpalatable. 

5 

Very  strong. .. 

An  odor  of  such  intensity  that  the  water  would  be  absolutely  unfit  to 
drink.    (A  term  to  be  used  only  in  extreme  cases. 

Total  Solids. — The  total  solids  were  determined  by  evaporating  to 
dryness  in  a  platinum  dish  upon  a  water  bath  a,  suitable  quantity  of  the 
water  (from  100  cubic  centimeters  to  1  liter.)  The  dish  and  contents 
are  then  placed  in  an  air  bath  and  kept  at  180  degrees  centigrade  for 
one  hour  or  until  the  weight  is  essentially  constant. 

Loss  on  Ignition.1 — For  the  determination  of  "Loss  on  ignition"  the 
device  employed  by  the  Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Health  has  been 
used.  A  platinum  dish,  which  is  somewhat  larger  than  the  one  in  which 
the  total  solids  are  contained,  is  heated  to  redness  by  a  Bunsen  flame,  and 
the  dish  with  the  residue  on  evaporation  is  placed  inside.  The 
properly  moderated  temperature  here  attained  is  sufficient  to  bring  the 
organic  substances  in  the  dish  to  a  state  of  incandescence  so  that  they 
are  quite  readily  consumed.  Usually,  however,  especially  where  very 
much  organic  matter  is  present,  small  particles  of  carbon  are  left  in  the 
residue  and  the  contents  of  the  dish  remain  dark  in  color.  The  temper- 
ature attained  in  this  operation  is  sufficient  to  completely  remove  water 
from  sulphates  and  to  decompose  the  nitrates  of  calcium  and  mag- 
nesium. Thus  even  by  this  method  the  loss  in  weight  resulting  from  the 
process  cannot  be  looked  upon  as  in  any  degree  a  definite  or  even  an 
approximate  measure  of  the  quantity  of  organic  matter  present.  The 
importance  of  the  determination  is  largely  limited  to  the  general  in- 
dications, i.  e.,  the  inferences  which  may  be  drawn  from  a  blackening 
of  the  residue,  the  development  of  marked  odors,  or  the  evolution  of 
colored  fumes. 

Chlorine. — In  determining  chlorine  the  ordinary  process  of  titration 
with  standard  silver  nitrate  solution  has  been  used.  The  standard  solu- 
tion is  of  such  strength  that  one-tenth  of  a  cubic  centimeter  represents 


I  This  test  was  discontinued  in  October,  1903. 


32  MINERAL    CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  Lbull.  no.  10 

one  part  of  chlorine  in  a  million  parts  of  water,  when  fifty  cubic  centi- 
meters of  the  water  are  taken  for  the  determination.  Many  of  the 
waters  with  which  we  have  had  to  deal  contain  so  little  chlorine  that  it 
was  necessary  to  concentrate  them.  In  such  cases,  whatever  the  quantity 
taken,  the  volume  has  been  brought  to  fifty  cubic  centimeters  for  the 
determination.1  Usually  when  more  than  5  c.  c.  of  the  standard  solu- 
tion was  required,  less  than  50  c.  c.  of  the  water  was  diluted  to  50  c.  c. 
with  distilled  water,  or  the  chlorine  was  determined  gravimetrically  in  a 
weighed  portion  of  water.  The  indicator  used  is  a  potassium  chromate 
solution,  of  which  one  cubic  centimeter  of  five  per  cent  strength  is 
added  to  the  iiquid  to  be  tested.  The  end  point  is  in  all  cases  determined 
by  comparison  with  a  blank  test. 

Oxygen  Consumed. — One  hundred  cubic  centimeters  of  the  water  are 
measured  into  an  Erlenmeyer  flask  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  cubic  cen- 
timeters capacity.  From  two  to  five  cubic  centimeters  according  to  the 
character  of  the  water  of  pure  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  are  added, , 
followed  by  ten  cubic  centimeters  of  standard  potassium  permanganate 
solution.  After  mixing  thoroughly  the  flask  is  placed  in  a  shallow  bath 
of  boiling  water,  and  heated  continuously  for  thirty  minutes.  By  this 
method  the  temperature  within  the  flask  is  raised  almost  to  that  of  the 
water  in  the  bath  itself  which  is  kept  boiling  briskly.  In  this  way  any 
considerable  concentration  by  evaporation  of  the  water  in  the  flask,  as 
also  "bumping,"  which  frequently  results  in  the  loss  of  the  sample,  is 
entirely  avoided.  At  the  end  of  thirty  minutes  digestion,  the  flask  is 
removed,  and  exactly  ten  cubic  centimeters  of  the  standard  ammonium 
oxalate  solution  is  added.  When  the  solution  has  become  perfectly 
colorless,  the  excess  of  oxalic  acid  solution  which  has  just  been  added, 
is  determined  by  titration  to  a  faint  pink  with  the  standard  potassium 
permanganate.  As  the  ammonium  oxalate  solution  and  the  perman- 
ganate solution  are  of  equivalent  strength,  only  the  permanganate  used 
in  the  titration  is  considered.  The  strength  of  the  reagent  is  such  that 
one  cubic  centimeter  of  potassium  permanganate  solution  is  equivalent 
to  one  part  per  million  of  oxygen  consumed  by  the  water  when  one  hun- 
dred cubic  centimeters  of  the  water  sample  have  been  taken  for  the  de- 
termination. 

In  some  cases  it  happens  that  the  ten  cubic  centimeters  of  potassium 
permanganate  solution  is  all  consumed  in  the  oxidation  of  organic  mat- 
ters contained  in  the  water.  Another  test  is  then  made,  in  which,  instead 
of  ten  cubic  centimeters,  twenty  or  more  are  employed,  the  procedure 
otherwise  being  the  same  as  above. 

Free  and  Albuminoid  Ammonia. — In  the  determination  of  free  or 
saline  ammonia,  round  bottomed  flasks  of  eight  to  nine  hundred  cubic 
centimeters  capacity  have  been  used.  These  are  supported  upon  an  as- 
bestos ring  and  heated  by  direct  application  of  the  Bunsen  flame.  The 
flasks  are  connected  to  the  condensers  by  means  of  pure  gum  stoppers  and 
a  modified  form  of  Beidmair  &  Stutsen's  safety  bulb,  as  designed  by  Hop- 


l  Sometimes   in  highly  colored  or  muddy  waters   it  has  been   found  necessary  to 
clarify  with  aluminum  hydrate  and  filter  before  the  titration  was  made. 


BARTOW.]  METHODS   OF    SANITARY   ANALYSIS.  33 

kins.  The  condensers  consist  of  aluminium1  tubes  of  three-eighths  of 
an  internal  diameter,  with  a  cooling  surface  20  inches  in  length.  The 
tubes  pass  through  a  galvanized  iron  tank  through  which  a  constant  cur- 
rent of  cold  water  is  kept  flowing. 

The  apparatus  is  thorough! v  steamed  out,  until  free  from  ammonia, 
before  each  determination.  Five  hundred  cubic  centimeters  of  the  water 
are  used  for  the  distillation.  With  waters  containing  little  free  am- 
monia, the  collection  of  the  distillate  is  made  in  four  Nessler  tubes  of 
fifty  cubic  centimeters  capacity  in  each  of  which  the  ammonia  is  deter- 
mined by  nesslerization.  The  boiling  is  conducted  at  such  a  rate  that 
each  tube  is  filled  in  from  eight  to  ten  minutes.  In  some  of  the  river 
waters  and  in  manv  of  the  deep  well  waters  which  have  been  examined 
there  are  very  considerable  quantities  of  free  or  saline  ammonia.  In  such 
cases,  the  distillate  is  caught  in  flasks  of  two  hundred*  cubic  centimeters 
capacity.  After  diluting  to  the  mark  and  thoroughly  mixing,  the 
amount  of  ammonia  in  an  aliquot  portion  is  determined  by  nessleriza- 
tion. 

Albuminoid  Ammonia. — The  residue  after  distillation  of  the  free 
ammonia  is  used  for  the  determination  of  the  albuminoid  ammonia. 
Fifty  cubic  centimeters  of  alkaline  permanganate  solution  are  added 
and  the  distillation  proceeded  with,  at  the  same  rate  as  for  free  am- 
monia. The  alkaline  permanganate  solution  is  made  by  adding  eight 
grams  of  potassium  permanganate  and  200  grams  of  sodium  hydroxide 
to  1,300  cubic  centimeters  of  water  and  concentrating  to  one  liter. 

The  collection  of  the  distillate  is  ordinarily  made  in  Nessler  tubes, 
but  in  some  few  cases,  where  much  nitrogenous  organic  matter  is 
present,  the  distillates  have  been  caught  in  flasks  as  described  above  in 
the  determination  of  free  ammonia. 

Nesslerization. — A  standard  ammonium  chloride  solution  is  made  of 
such  strength  that  one  cubic  centimeter  shall  contain  ammonium  chloride 
corresponding  to  one  one-hundredth  of  a  milligram  of  nitrogen.  Stand- 
ards for  comparison  in  nesslerization  are  made  from  the  standard  am- 
monium chloride  solution  of  the  following  strengths,  i.  e.,  the  quanti- 
ties of  standard  ammonium  chloride  solution  diluted  to  50  c.  c.  with 
water  are:  0.1,  0.2,  0.4, ' 0.6,  0.8,  1.0,  1.2,  1.4,  1.6,  1.8,  2.0,  2.5,  3.0, 
3.5,  4.0,  4.5  and  5.0  cubic  centimeters. 

Nessler  tubes  of  colorless  glass,  of  fifty  cubic  centimeters  capacity  and 
7%  inches  long  to  the  mark  are  used. 

In  conducting  the  nesslerization,  care  is  taken  that  the  distillates  and 
standards  are  all  of  the  same  temperature  before  adding  the  Nessler  re- 
agent, .  Commonly,  distillates  obtained  in  the  afternoon  are  allowed  to 
stand  in  a  cool  place  until  the  next  morning,  before  proceeding  with 
the  nesslerization.  Twenty  minutes  are  allowed  for  the  development  of 
the  full  color  after  the  addition  of  the  reagent,  and  the  readings  are 
taken  within  an  hour. 

A  camera  is  used  in  making  comparisons.  It  consists  of  a  black  wooden 
box  which  cuts  out  all  side  lights  and  which  is  capable  of  holding  twenty- 
seven  tubes  at  one  time.     The  tubes  are  illuminated  from  the  bottom 


l  In  the   earlier  tests  block  tin  tubes  were  used.     Aluminium  has  been  found  to 
be  very  satisfactory. 

—3  G- 


34  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF    WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

by  means  of  a  mirror  reflecting  the  light  from  the  north,  and  the  read- 
ing is  made  by  means  of  another  mirror  placed  above  the  tubes  and  so 
arranged  as  to  bring  the  image  direct  to  the  eye  of  the  observer.  This 
apparatus  has  been  in  use  in  the  laboratories  of  the  University  of  Illi- 
nois for  years,  and  has  always  given  satisfactory  results.  In  determin- 
ing the  color  fifty  cubic  centimeters  of  water  are  placed  in  standard 
Nessler  tubes  and  compared  with  the  standard. 

The  results  of  the  determinations  of  all  nitrogenous  constituents  of 
waters  are  stated  in  parts  per  million  of  nitrogen. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrites.' — The  fifty  cubic  centimeters  of  water  used  in  the 
determination  of  color  may  be  used  for  this  test.  One  cubic  centimeter 
of  an  acid  solution  of  naphthylamine  hydrochloride  (8  grams  of  naph- 
thylamine, 8  cubic  centimeters  of  ■  strong  hydrochloric  acid,  and  992 
cubic  centimeters -of,  water)  and  one  cubic  centimeter  of  a  saturated 
solution  of  sulphanilic  acid,  in  water  containing  five  per  cent  of  strong 
hydrochloric  acid  are  added  to  the  water  in  a  Nessler  tube.  At  the  same 
time  standards  are  prepared  by  diluting  in  other  Nessler  tubes  known 
quantities  of  a  standard  solution  of  sodium  nitrite  to  fifty  cubic  centi- 
meters and  adding  naphthylamine  hydrochloride  and  sulphanilic  acid  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  water  to  be  examined. 

The  standard  solution  of  sodium  nitrite  is  prepared  from  pure  silver 
nitrite  by  reaction  with  sodium  chloride,  and  contains  in  one  cubic  cen- 
timeter the  equivalent  of  .0005  milligrams  of  nitrogen.  Usually  stand- 
ards are  made  containing  0.3,  0.6,  1.0,  1.5,  2.0  and  2.5,  cubic  centi- 
meters of  the  standard  solution. 

Comparisons  are  made  in  not  less  than  thirty  minutes  nor  more  than 
one  hour  after  adding  the  reagent.  Waters  which  are  very  turbid  or 
deeply  colored  are  clarified  and  decolorized  by  treatment  with  aluminium 
hydroxide  before  testing  for  nitrites. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrates. — Determination  of  nitrates  is  begun  as  soon  as 
possible  after  the  water  is  received.  A  modification  of  the  aluminium 
reduction  method  is  used.  One  hundred  cubic  centimeters  of  the  water 
are  treated  with  two  cubic  centimeters  of  a  thirty-three  per  cent  nitrogen 
free  sodium  hydroxide  solution.  The  mixture  is  boiled  rapidly  until 
reduced  to  a  volume  of  15  or  20  cubic  centimeters,  to  remove  the  free 
ammonia.  The  concentrated  mixture  is  rinsed  into  a  test  tube  of  about 
80  c.  c.  capacity  and  is  diluted  to  about  fifty  cubic  centimeters  by  the 
addition  of  nitrogen  free  water.  A  piece  of  sheet  aluminum  four  inches 
long  and  one-quarter  inch  wide  and  weighing  .5  grams  is  then  introduced 
and  the  tube  allowed  to  stand  over  night  in  a  comparatively  cool  place. 
The  reduction  of  the  nitrates  to  ammonia  is  ordinarily  completed  in  the 
morning,  when  the  examinations  are  continued.  The  solution  with  the 
strip  of  aluminium  is  rinsed  into  an  800  cubic  centimeter  Kjeldahl 
flask  with  250  cubic  centimeters  of  nitrogen  free  water.  Two  hundred 
cubic  centimeters  are  distilled  into  a  praduated  flask  and  the  free  am- 
monia, produced  by  the  reduction  of  nitrites  and  nitrates,  is  determined 
by  nesslerizing  an  aliquot  part  of  the  distillate  according  to  the  method 
described  under  free  and  albuminoid  ammonia.  In  calculating  the 
nitrogen  as  nitrates,  the  nitrogen  as  nitrites  is  substracted  from  the  total 
amount  of  nitrogen  indicated  by  the  Nessler  test. 


bartow.]  METHODS   OF    MINERAL    ANALYSIS.  35 

MINERAL, 

Determinations. — In  determining  the  mineral  content  in  the  waters  of 
Illinois  in  the  laboratory  of  the  State  Water  Survey,  the  following  de- 
terminations have  been  made  in  all  waters  analyzed. 

iPottassium    K 

Sodium Na 

Magnesium      Mg 

Calcium Ca 

2Aluminium   AL03 

Iron    Fe 

2Silicia  or  Silicious  Matter Si02  or  Si02+ 

3Nitric  Acid    . N03 

Hydrochloric    Acid CI 

Sulphuric   Acid    S04 

In  a  few  cases  the  following  determinations  have  been  included : 

Lithium     Li 

Phosphoric  Acid  P04 

Manganese    Mn 

The  methods  in  use  have  been  changed  somewhat  during  the  ten 
years  covered  by  this  report,  but  in  general  the  methods  employed  are 
as  follows : 

Measure  accurately  two  portions  of  the  water  to  be  examined  using 
such  amounts  as  will  give  a  residue  of  from  400  to  600  milligrams.  The 
necessary  amount  of  water  is  determined  from  the  "residue  on  evapora- 
tion," if  made,  or  by  comparing  the  water  to  be  examined  with  analyses 
of  water  of  similar  origin.  It  is  not  usual  to  use  more  than  a  liter, 
even  though  the  residue  should  be  less  than  400  milligrams.  Acidify 
both,  parts  with  hydrochloric  acid  and  evaporate  to  dryness  in  platinum 
dishes  on  the  water  bath. 

Heat  the  residues  in  an  air  bath  at  180  degrees  for  one  hour,  or  until 
the  mass  is  completely  dry  and  brittle.  Moisten  throughout  with  a  little 
concentrated  hydrochloric  acid.  Add  30  to  40  cubic  centimeters  of  pure 
distilled  water;  digest  on  the  water  bath  for  a  minute,  filter  off  the 
silicious  matter  on  an  ashless  filter  paper  and  wash  completely. 

Silicious  Matter. — Ignite  one  portion  only  and  weigh  as  silicious  mat- 
ter. 

Silica. — Treat  the  silicious  matter  with  hydrofluoric  acid  and  deter- 
mine the  silica  (SiO)  by  the  loss  of  weight.  Note — Calcium  sulphate 
is  frequently  found  in  waters  of  the  State  and  because  it  dissolves  slowly 
it  is  necessary  to  be  especially  careful  that  none  of  it  remains  with  the 
silica.  If  any  is  left  it  will  be  found  after  volatilizing  the  silica  by 
means  of  hydrofluoric  acid.  It  must  then  be  dissolved  in  hydrochloric 
acid  and  added  to  the  solution  from  which  it,  together  with  the  silica, 
has  been  removed.  It  is  possible  that  a  little  sulphate  of  barium  or 
strontium  may  be  found  at  this  point.    'These  would  resist  the  solvent 

1  When   sodium   and  potassium  are  not   separated  the   combination   is   considered 
as  sodium  and  calculations  made  accordingly. 

2  In   some   cases   no  separation  has   been   made   of   iron   and   alumina,    and   these 
elements  are  reported  as  the  sum  of  their  oxides. 

3  In  most  cases  the  silicious  matter  has  been  treated  with  hydrofluoric  acid  and 
the  silica  reported  is  the  loss  by  such  treatment. 


36  MINEEAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull  no.  10, 

action  of  the  water  and  hydrochloric  acid  and  might  thus  be  separated 
from  calcium  sulphate.  ITse  one  filtrate  from  the  silicious  matter  for 
the  determination  of  iron,  aluminium,  (phosphoric  acid),  (barium), 
calcium  and  magnesium,  and  the  other  for  sulphuric  acid  and  the  alka- 
lies. 

Iron,  Aluminium  and  Phosphoric  Acid. — To  one  filtrate  from  the  silica 
add  a  little  bromine  water  and  boil  for  10  or  15  minutes  to  insure  com- 
plete oxidation  of  the  iron  present.  Add  25  cubic  centimeters  of  ammon- 
ium chloride  solution,  (or  neutralize  with  ammonium  hydroxide,  and 
acidify  with  concentrated  hydrochloric  acid),  then  add  a  distinct  but 
not  great  excess  of  ammonium  hydroxide.  Boil  vigorously  for  5  minutes, 
allow  to  settle,  filter  and  wash  thoroughly  with  hot  water.  Ignite  and 
weigh  as  oxides  of  iron  and  aluminium  and  phosphates,  (Fe203  -(-  A1203 
+  M^PO*) .  Ordinarily  the  phosphoric  acid  is  present  in  minute  quan- 
tities and  may  be  neglected.  i 

Iron. — Fuse  the  weighed  residue  with  8  times  its  weight  of  potassium 
acid  sulphate  (KHSO),  See  Fres.  I,  page  660).  Dissolve  in  water 
and  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  After  reduction  with  sulpheretted  hydrogen 
Fres.  I,  page  326),  or  by  use  of  Jones'  Eeductor,  determine  iron  volu- 
metrically  by  potassium  permanganate. 

Aluminium. — Calculate  to  Ferric  Oxide  (FfeOs)  the  iron  found.  Add 
ihe  weight  of  the  ferric  oxide  to  the  weight  of  the  phosphate  found  and 
subtract  the  sum  from  the  weight  of  the  combined  oxides  of  iron  and 
aluminium  and  phosphates.  The  difference  will  be  the  weight  of  alu- 
minium oxide  (AbOs). 

Barium. — If  barium  is  present  it  may  be  determined  at  this  point 
in  the  usual  manner  by  the  addition  of  a  few  drops  of  sulphuric  acid 
after  acidifying  the  solution  with  hydrochloric  acid.  (Determinations 
of  barium  have  not  been  made  in  these  investigations). 

Calcium. — Concentrate  the  filtrates  and  washings  from  the  precipitated 
hydroxides  of  aluminium  and  iron  to  about  200  c.  c.  Make  alkaline  with 
ammonium  hydroxide  and  add  to  the  hot  solution  an  excess  of  ammon- 
ium oxalate  (See  Fres,  I,  page  270.)  Boil  until  the  precipitate  settles 
and  the  supernatant  liquid  is  clear.  Filter,  ignite  the  washed  precipitate 
of  calcium  oxalate  in  the  Henrpel  furnace  or  in  the  blast  lamp  and  weigh 
as  calcium  oxide.    Calculate  to  calcium.  \ 

Magnesium. — Concentrate  the  filtrate  and  washings  from  the  precipi- 
tated calcium  oxalate  to  about  250  c.  c.  See  that  ammonium  hydroxide 
is  in  slight  excess.  Add  to  the'  cool  solution  an  excess  of  sodium  ammon- 
ium hydrogen  phosphate  (NaNIMIPO*)  stirring  the  solution,  taking 
care  to  avoid  touching  the  sides  of  the  beaker  with  the  stirring  rod. 
Allow  to  stand  12  hours  in  a  cool  place,  filter,  wash  with  a  solution  of 
one  part  ammonium  hydroxide,  specific  gravity  0.96.  Dry,  ignite  and 
weigh  as  magnesium  pyrophosphate  (MgaPsO?). 

Manganese. — 'Should  manganese  be  present  it  would  be  found  as  man- 
ganese pyrophosphate  (Mn^O?)  with  the  magnesium  pyrophosphate 
(MgaPsO?),.     In  the  earlier  analyses,  manganese  was  determined  accord- 


BARTOW.]  METHODS   OF  MINEEAL    ANALYSIS.  37 

ing  to  Fresenius  I,  p.  294  by  adding  sodium  acetate  and  an  aqueous  solu- 
tion of  bromine,  exposing  to  a  temperature  of  50  to  70  degrees  for  a 
few  hours,  till  the  free  bromine  is  all  or  nearly  all  expelled  from  the 
solution  and  filtering.  The  manganese  thus  precipitated  as  hydrated  di- 
oxide is  liable  to  contain  sodium  salts.  It  should  be  washed  carefully 
with  hot  water  and  may  be  converted  by  ignition  directly  into  MnsO 
and  weighed.  If  the  quantity  is  considerable,  it  is  dissolved  in  hydro- 
chloric acid  and  converted  into  some  other  suitable  form  for  weighing. 

Sulphuric  Acid  and  the  Alkalies. — Heat  the  other  filtrate  from  the 
silicious  matter  to  boiling  and  add  an  excess  of  a  solution  of  barium 
chloride,  a  drop  at  a  time,  with  constant  stirring.  Allow  to  remain  in 
a  warm  place  for  at  least  thirty  minutes,  stirring  at  intervals.  Filter, 
ignite,  and  weigh  as  barium  sulphate,  (BaSO*).  Compare  Fresenius, 
I,  p.  434. 

Sodium  and  Potassium. — Evaporate  the  filtrate  from  the  barium  sul- 
phate to  dryness,  add  water,  heat  to  boiling  and  treat  the  boiling  solu- 
tion with  slight  excess  of  alkali  free  barium  hydroxide,  Ba(OH)2.  Fil- 
ter and  add  to  the  filtrate  ammonium  carbonate  and  ammonia.  Filter 
oft'  the  precipitate  so  obtained,  evaporate  the  filtrate  to  dryness  in  a 
platinum  dish  and  ignite  to  drive  off  the  ammonium  salts.  Repeat  the 
operation  as  often  as  necessary  to  remove  any  magnesium  that  may  re- 
main, and  after  igniting  weigh  the  alkali  chlorides. 

Potassium. — To  separate  the  potassium  chloride  from  the  sodium 
chloride  convert  all  into  the  double  platinum  salt  by  adding  platinic 
chloride.  Treat  with  80  per  cent  alcohol.  Filter,  wash  with  alcohol  and 
dry  or  filter.  Dissolve  the  potassium  platinic  chloride  thus  obtained  by 
washing  the  precipitate  on  the  filter  with  boiling  water.  Evaporate  to 
dryness,  dry,  weigh  as  potassium  platinic  chloride,  and  calculate  as  pot- 
assium. 

Sodium. — Calculate  the "  equivalent-  of  potassium  chloride  and  deduct 
from  the  weight  of  the  combined  chlorides  of  sodium  and  potassium. 
The  difference  is  sodium1  chloride  and  is  calculated  to  sodium. 

Chlorides  and  Nitrates. — The  methods  used  for  mineral  analysis  are 
the  same  as  used  for  the  sanitary  analysis.    See  pages  31  and  34. 

METHOD  OF  REPORTING  ANALYSES  OE  THE  MINERAL  CONTENT. 

The  results  obtained  in' the  analysis  of  the  mineral  content  are  ex- 
pressed in  ionic  form.  By  ions  we  understand  those  parts  of  a  salt 
an  acid  or  a  base  in  aqueous  solution,  which  will  conduct  the  electric 
current. 

The  results  obtained  are  also  expressed  in  hypothetical  combinations 
of  the  ions.  These,  we  believe,  serve  better  than  the  ions  to  show  the 
character  of  the  water,  because  the  combinations  enable  one  to  see  at 
a  glance  the  relative  amounts  of  basic  and  acidic  ions. 


88 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OE  WATEES. 


[BULL.   NO.  10. 


The  method  of  calculation,  in  use  for  years  in  this  laboratory,  combines 
the  acid  and  basic  ions  in  the  following  order: 


Basic. 

Acidic. 

Potassium 

K 

Nitrous 

N  itric 

NO, 

Sodium 

Na 

NH4 

.......  NO, 

Ammonium  . .. 

Chlorine 

Sulphuric 

Residual  bases  to  carbonic 

...         CI 

Magnesium  ... 
Calcium 

Mg 

Ca 

Fe 

S04 

.......  co3 

Al 

Combinations  of  this  character  are  of  special  importance  when  water 
treatment  is  under  consideration.  Should  it  be  desired  to  combine  the 
ions  in  any  other  order  for  the  comparison  of  our  analyses  with  the  work 
of  other  analysts,  such  combinations  can  be  made  from  the  ions  reported. 
The  conversion  table,  showing  the  factors  used  in  our  calculations,  will 
be  of  assistance  in  such  work. 


FACTOES    FOR    CALCULATING    HYPOTHETICAL    COMBINATIONS    FROM    IONS 
ACCORDING  TO  ATOMIC   WEIGHTS  OF   1905. 

[By  Edward  Bartow  and  J.  M.  Lindgren.] 


Basic. 

Acidic. 

Ion. 

Combination. 

Factor. 

Ion. 

Combination. 

Factor. 

K 

KNO,  

2.1760 
2.5847 
1.9055 
2.2268 
1.7663 
1.8089 
2.9974 
3.6915 
2.5380 
3.0837 
2.3015 
2.9616 
3.6577 
2.6600 
6.0936 
3.9105 
4.9434 
3.4631 
3,3940 
2.4963 
2.7206 
2.0734 
6.3170 
3.3501 

NO, 

KN02 

1.8504 

K 

KN03 

NO, 

NaN02 

1 . 5007 

K 

KC1 

NO, 

Mg(NO,)2..     . 

1.2646 

K.. 

K2S04 

N03 

LiN03 

1.1133 

K 

K2C03 

N03 ■ 

KNO, 

1.6310 

K.. 

K3P04 

NO, 

NaN03.. 

1  3715 

Na 

NaN02 

NO, 

NH4NO3 

1.2913 

Na 

NaN03 

NO, 

Mg(N03)2 

1.1963 

Na 

NaCl 

Na2S04 

Na2C03  

NO, 

Ca(N03)2  , 

1.3232 

Na 

CI 

LiCl 

1.1983 

Na      

CI 

KC1.... 

2  1044 

NH4     

NH4C1 

CI 

NaCl 

1.6502 

NH4 

(NHJ2S04 

(NH4)2C03 

Mg(NU3)2 

MgCl, 

CI 

CI 

NH4C1 

1.5098 

NH4 

MgCl2 

1.3436 

Mg 

CI 

CaCL 

1.5656 

Mg     

so4 

Li2S04 .' 

1.0732 

Mg     

MgSO"4 

so4 

K2S04 

1.8151 

Mg        

MgC03 

so4 

Na2S04  .  .. 

1.4799 

Ca 

CaS04 

so4 

(NH4)oS04 

1.3758 

Ca 

CaCOs 

so4 

MgS04 

1.25c6 

Fe      

FeS04 

so4 

CaS04 

1  4174 

Fe    

FeC03 

so4 

FeS04 

1.5812 

Al 

A12(S04)3 

A12(S04)3 

so4 

A12(S04)3 

1.1881 

A1203 

Parts  per  million. .. 

Grains  per  gallon  .. 

0.5833 

Interpretation  of  Kesults. 

sanitary  water  analysis. 

The  statement  of  chemical  results  is  made  in  parts  per  million  by 
wreight.  That  is,  in  milligrams  per  liter.  Since  one  liter  of  water 
weighs  one  million  milligrams,  these  two  expressions,  "parts  per  million" 


BARTOW.]  INTERPRETATION   OF    SANITARY   ANALYSES.  39 

and  "milligrams  per  liter,"  are  practically  synonymous.  On  the  scale 
of  100,  one  part  per  million  is  equivalent  to  one  ten  thousandth  of  one 
per  cent  (0.0001%).  Should  the  data  be  desired  in  terms  of  grains  per 
United  States  gallon  of  231  cubic  inches,  multiply  the  parts  per  million 
by  .058335. 

There  is  so  much  variation  in  the  character  of  water  from  the  different 
sources  in  the  State,  that  no  general  standard  can  be  made.  We  have 
made  an  attempt  to  formulate  standards  for  the  waters  from  the  var- 
ious sources,  as  classified  in  this  Bulletin. 

Surface  Waters. 

With  few  exceptions  it  may  be  said  that  we  should  treat  or  filter  all 
surface  waters,  in  or  bordering  on  the  State,  before  using  them  for 
drinking  purposes.  Lake  Michigan,  alone,  at  a  distance  from  the  shore, 
furnishes  a  satisfactory  water  without  treatment.  A  representative  an- 
alysis of  water  from  Lake  Michigan,  taken  ten  miles  from  the  shore,  is 
given  by  Aclolph  G-ehrmann.1  It  is  repeated  in  the  table  of  suggested 
standards  for  the  interpretation  of  sanitary  water  analyses.  The  char- 
acteristics of  the  water  from  any  stream  are  not  constant  but  vary  with 
the  seasons. 

Turbidity. — The  streams  of  the  State  invariably  carry  some  matter 
in  suspension.     The  turbidity  should  be  less  than  10  parts  per  million. 

Color. — The  color  should  not  exceed  .2  parts  per  million,  Nessler 
standard. 

Odor. — The  odor  should  never  be  noticeable. 

Residue  on  Evaporation. — The  total  residue  on  evaporation  varies 
greatly  as  the  suspended  matter  varies.  The  soluble  matter  varies  from 
137  parts  per  million  in  Lake  Michigan,  to  643  parts  per  million  in  a 
creek  at  Farmington.  The  residue  should  not  exceed  300  parts  per 
million. 

Chlorine. — Chlorine  varies  from  1.5  parts  per  million  in  Lake  Michi- 
gan, to  63  parts  per  million  in  the  Illinois  river  at  Havana,  before 
the  opening  of  the  drainage  canal.  A  filtered  water  may  vary  between 
these  limits,  but  as  a  rule  should  not  exceed  6.0  parts  per  million.  The 
test  for  chlorine  is  of  value  in  showing  the  relative  amount  of  pollution 
that  has  entered  a  stream. 

Consumed  Oxygen. — Consumed  oxygen  should  not  exceed  5.0  parts 
per  million. 

.  Nitrogen  as  Free  Ammonia. — Nitrogen  as  free  ammonia  varies  from 
.002  in  Lake  Michigan,  to  2.32  in  the  Illinois  river  at  Kampsville,  before 
the  opening  of  the  drainage  canal.  It  should  not  exceed  0.05  parts  per 
million. 

Nitrogen  as  Albuminoid  Ammonia, — Nitrogen  as  albuminoid  am- 
monia varies  from  .08  in  Lake  Michigan  to  .528  in  the  Illinois  river  at 
Kampsville,  but  should  not  exceed  0.15  parts  per  million. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrites. — Nitrogen  as  nitrites  should  be  absent. 

l  Report   of   Streams   Examination,    Sanitary   District   of   Chicago,    Chicago,    1902, 

p.  18.    • 


40  MINERAL    CONTENT    OF    WATERS.  [BULL  no.  10. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrates. — Nitrogen  as  nitrates  should  not  exceed  0.5 
parts  per  million. 

Alkalinity. — Alkalinity  varies  with  the  season,  and  also  varies  accord- 
ing to  the  treatment  in  the  filtered  water.  The  raw  water  will  vary  from 
115  to  400  parts  per  million,  and  the  treated  water  from  80  to  300 
parts  per  million. 

Spring  Waters. 

Turbidity. — Spring  waters  when  first  issuing  from  the  earth  should 
have  no  turbidity.  They  sometimes  become  turbid  on  exposure  to  the 
air,  owing  to  oxidation  of  the  soluble  iron  salts  and  to  the  loss  of  car- 
bon dioxide. 

Color. — A  spring  water  should  have  no  color  when  it  first  issues 
from  the  earth.    The  oxidation  of  iron  salts  may  produce  a  color. 

Odor. — There  should  be  no  odor  except  in  springs  containing  hydrogen 
sulphide. 

Residue  on  Evaporation, — The  total  residue  on  evaporation  varies 
from  200.8  parts  per  million,  (11.7.1  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  spring  at 
Tolono,  to  9188.3  parts  per  million,  (536  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  spring 
at  Creal  Springs.  A  good  spring  water  for  domestic  use,  should  not 
have  more  than  500  parts  per  million. 

Chlorine. — Chlorine  varies  from1 .0.7  parts  per  million  to  2675.0  parts 
per  million.  In  springs  for  general  use  it  should  not  exceed  15  parts 
per  million.     For  the  distribution  of  chlorine  in  springs.     See  plate  4. 

Consumed  Oxygen. — Consumed  oxygen  should  not  exceed  2.0  parts* 
per  million. 

Nitrogen  as  Free  and  Albuminoid  Ammonia. — Nitrogen  as  free  and 
albuminoid  ammonia,  except  in  springs  where  the  water  becomes  turbid 
on  exposure  to  the  air,  should  not  exceed  0.02  parts  per  million  and  0.05 
parts  per  million  respectively. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrites. — Nitrogen  as  nitrites  should  be  absent. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrates. — Nitrogen  as  nitrates  should  not  exceed  2.0 
parts  per  million. 

Alkalinity. — Alkalinity  may  vary  from  150  to  500  parts  per  million. 
It  should  not  exceed  300  parts  per  million. 

Waters  from  Shallow  Wells  in  the  Drift. 

These  waters  should  be  clear  without  color  or  odor. 

Residue  on  Evaporation. — The  total  residue  on  evaporation  varies 
from  160.5  parts  per  million,  (9.36  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  well  at  Poag, 
to  5331.27  parts  per  million,  (311  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  well  at  Creal 
Springs.     The  residue  should  not  exceed  500  parts  per  million. 

Chlorine. — Chlorine  varies  from  \ 3  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Pana, 
to  310  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Bloomington.  The  majority  of 
the  waters  reported  are  below  15  parts  per  million,  an  amount  that 
should  not  be  exceeded. 


41 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


BULL.    NO.    PLATE  4. 


LEGEND 

PARTS  PER  MILLION 
•    O  -  5 
o     5  -  lO 
+     10-20 

a  ao-5o 

*  50-100 
a    100-500 

*  500+     . 


Chlorine  in   water   of   springs. 


42  MINEKAL   CONTENT   OF   WATEKS.  [bull  no.  10. 

Consumed,  Oxygen. — 'Consumed  oxygen  should  not  exceed  2.0  parts 
per  million. 

Nitrogen  as  Free  and  Albuminoid  Ammonia. — Nitrogen  as  free  and 
albuminoid  ammonia  should  not  exceed  0.02  and  0.05  parts  per  million 
respectively. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrites. — Nitrogen  as  nitrites  should  be  absent. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrates. — Nitrogen  as  nitrates  should  not  exceed  2.0 
parts  per  million. 

Alkalinity. — Alkalinity  varies  from  200  to  500  parts  per  million,  with 
exceptional  cases  above  or  below  these  limits.  The  alkalinity  should 
not  exceed  300  parts  per  million. 

Waters  From  Deep  Drift  Wells. 

Turbidity. — The  well  waters  in  the  drift  are  clear  when  first  drawn, 
but  almost  invariably  become  turbid  on  exposure  to  the  air,  due  to  ox- 
idation of  the  iron  salts,  and  to  the  loss  of  carbon  dioxide. 

Color. — These  waters  are  colorless  when  first  drawn,  but  may  become 
colored  on  standing,  owing  to  the  oxidation  of  the  iron  salts. 

Odor. — These  waters  are  usually  odorless, '  but  hydrogen  sulphide  is 
sometimes  found. 

Residue  on  Evaporation. — The  total  residue  on  evaporation  varies 
from  199  parts  per  million,  (11.6  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  well  at  Havana, 
to  2606  parts  per  million,  (152  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  well  at  Morgan 
Park.    The  residue  should  not  exceed  500  parts  per  million.    See  plate  5. 

Chlorine. — Chlorine  varies  from  1.0  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at 
Bradford,  to  1,250  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Hope.  The  majority 
of  these  wells  are  below  5.0  parts  per  million  in  chlorine,  and  a  limit 
of  15.0  can  easily  be  allowed.     See  plate  6. 

Consumed  Oxygen. — Consumed  oxygen  is  variable  as  in  the  deep  rock 
wells,  and  the  same  limits  5.0  parts  per  million  in  the  presence  of  fer- 
rous salts  or  hydrogen  sulphide,  and  2.0  parts  per  million  in  their  ab- 
sence, may  be  set. 

Nitrogen  as  Free  Ammonia. — Nitrogen  as  free  ammonia  varies  from 
0.3  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Bristol,  to  28.0  parts  per  million  in  a 
well  at  Marshall.  Limits  may  be  placed  -from  0.02  to  3.0  parts  per 
million. 

Nitrogen  as  Albuminoid  Ammonia. — Nitrogen  as  albuminoid  am- 
monia may  reach  0.2  parts  per  million. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrites. — Nitrogen  as  nitrites  are  frequently  found,  and 
may  go  as  high  as  0.005  parts  per  million  in  waters  containing  ferrous 
salts. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrates. —Nitrogen  as  nitrates  are  present  in  small  quan- 
tities, usually  not.  exceeding  0.5  parts  per  million. 

Alkalinity. — Alkalinity  varies  from  200  to  600  parts  per  million, 
sodium  carbonate  frequently  being  present.  The  alkalinity  should  not 
exceed  300  parts  per  million. 


bartow.]        INTERPRETATION  OF  SANITARY  ANALYSES.  43 

Waters  from  Deep  Wells  in  Bock. 

Turbidity. — These  waters  are  clear  when  first  drawn,  but  often  become 
turbid  on  exposure  to  the  air,  due  to  the  oxidation  of  the  iron  salts  and 
to  the  loss  of  carbon  dioxide. 

Color. — These  waters  should  be  colorless  when  first  drawn  but  may 
become  colored  on  exposure  to  the  air,  due  to"  the  presence  of  salts  of 
iron. 

Odor. — There  should  be  no  odor  except  when  hydrogen  sulphide  is 
present  in  occasional  samples. 

Residue  on  Evaporation. — The  total  residue  on  evaporation  varies 
from  178  parts  per  million  (10.39  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  well  at  Hins- 
dale, to  44,587  parts  per  million  (2,601  grains  per  gallon)  in  a.  well  at 
Fairfield. 

In  general,  it  may  be  said,  that  the  deep  rock  wells  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  State  contain  less  residue  on  evaporation,  whereas  the  deep 
wells  further  south  are  very  highly  mineralized.  A  limit  of  500  parts 
per  million  of  residue  on  evaporation  can  be  used  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  State,  but  such  a  limit  is  too  low  for  the  rest  of  the  State.  See 
plate  7. 

Chlorine. — Chlorine  varies  from  0.6  parts  per  million  (.034  grains 
per  gallon)  in  a  well  at  Stockton  and  0.5  parts  per  million  (.029  grains 
per  gallon)  in  a  well  at  Amboy,  to  11,000  parts  per  million  (647.46 
grains  per  gallon)  in  a  well  at  Harrisburg.  No  absolute  standard  can 
be  set  for  wells  of  this  class.    See  plate  8. 

Consumed  Oxygen. — Consumed  oxygen  is  quite  variable.  This  is 
sometimes  due  to  the  presence  of  ferrous  salts  or  hydrogen  sulphide  gas, 
in  which  case  5.0  parts  per  million  would  not  be  excessive.  In  the  ab- 
sence of  these  substances,  consumed  oxygen  should  not  exceed  2.0  to  5.0 
parts  per  million. 

Nitrogen  as  Free  Ammonia, — Nitrogen  as  free  ammonia  in  waters 
containing  iron  salts  may  be  as  high  as  3.0  parts  per  million.  In  the 
absence  of  iron  salts,  the  free  ammonia  should  not  exceed  0.02  parts 
per  million. 

Nitrogen  as  Albuminoid  Ammonia, — Nitrogen  as  albuminoid  am- 
monia should  not  exceed  0.15  parts  per  million. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrites. — Nitrogen  as  nitrites  should  be  absent  except  in 
the  presence  of  iron  salts,  where  the  nitrates  are  reduced. 

Nitrogen  as  Nitrates. — Nitrogen  as  nitrates  should  not  exceed  0.5 
parts  per  million. 

Alkalinity. — Alkalinity  varies  with  the  residue  on  evaporation  be- 
tween the  limits  200  to  600  parts  per  million.  In  a  water  for  domestic 
use,  it  should  not  exceed  300  parts  per  million. 


44 

STATE  GEOLOGICAL.  SURVVET. 


BULL.   NO.    10,   PLATE   5. 


LEGEND 

PARTS  PER  MILLION 

•  —  300 
L    300-400 
1    400-500 
+    500-600 

*  600-1000 
A  lOOO-ZOOO 

* aooo+ 


Residue  in  water  of  deep  drift  wells. 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL.  SURVEY. 


45 

BULL.   NO.    10,    PLATE   6. 


LEGEND 

PART5  PER  MILLION 

•  O  -  5 

°     5  -  lO 
+    10-20 
a    20-50 
^    50-100 
a    100-500 

*  500  + 


Chlorine  in  water  of  deep  drift  wells. 


46 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL.  (SURVEY 

T 


BULL.   NO.   10,   PLATE  7. 


LEGEND 

PAET5  PER  MILLION 

•  —  300 

L  300-400 
1  400-500 
+    500-600 

*  eoo-\ooo 

A  10002000 

*  £000  + 


Residue  in  waters  of  deep  wells  in  rock. 


47 


STATE   GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


BULL.   NO.   10,   PLATE 


LEGEND 

PART5  PER  MILLION 
•    O  -  5 
°     5  -  lO 
+    10-20 
A    20-50 

*  50-100 
a    100-500 

*  500  + 


Chlorine  in  waters  of  deep  wells  in  rock. 


48  MINEBAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull  no.  10. 

Summary. 
The  preceding  observations  are  summarized  in  the  following  table: 

Suggested  Standards  for  Interpretation  of  Results  op  Sanitary 

Water  Analysis. 


t"1 

Ft 

n 

p 

3d 

X3 

t) 

B 

3 

CO 

«   05 

a 

o 

.M 

n  as 

5 

o 

oq 

M   Q, 

3 

3 

63 

:  tr 

a> 

<T> 

a 

}— ! 

.H 

a> 

Turbidity 

None 

10. 

3None 

3None  .... 

3None 

Color 

None 

.2 

3None  — 

3None 

3None  — 

Odor 

None 

None 

None 

None 

None 

R  esidue  on  evaporation 

130. 

300. 

500. 

500. 

500. 

Chlo 
Oxyj 

5.5 
1.6 

6. 
5. 

15. 
2. 

15. 
2.-5. 4 

5    100 

jen  consumed 

2  -5  4 

2 

$+ 

Free  ammonia 

.00 
.08 

.05 
.15 

.02 
.05 

.02-3. 
.20 

02-3. 

o 

Albuminoid  ammonia 

.15 

N  itrites 

.000 
.00 

.000 
.5 

200. 
500 

.000 
2.00 

300. 
500 

.005 
.50 

300. 
100 

000 

a 

N  itrates 

5 

en 

Alka 
Bactc 

inity 

300. 

'ria  per  cubic  centimeter 

500 

100 

Colon  bacillus  in  one  c.  c 

Absent 

Absent 

Absent 

Absent 

Absent..., 

ANALYSES  OF  THE  MINERAL  CONTENT. 


Surface  Waters. 

The  analyses  made  include  samples  from  only  twenty-three  towns  and 
from  fifteen  different  streams.  No  definite  conclusions  can  be  drawn 
from  so  small  a  number  of  analyses.  We  will  be  able  to  furnish  better 
data  from  the  series  of  analyses  now  under  way  under  the  cooperative 
agreement   with   the   United    States    Geological    Survey. 

Residue  on  Evaporation. — We  have  given  below  the  limits  found  in  the 
few  samples  analyzed.  We  note  that  the  smallest  amount  of  solids  is  found 
in  the  water  from  Lake  Michigan,  the  highest  amounts  were  in  samples 
from  the  Illinois  river  at  Pekin  taken  before  the  opening  of  the  Chi- 
cago drainage  canal  and  from  a  creek  at  Farmington.  The  amount  of 
solids  range  from  137.4  parts  per  million  (7.97  grains  per  gallon)  in 
Lake  Michigan  to  519.7  parts  per  million  (29.87  grains  per  gallon)  in 
the  Illinois  river  at  Pekin,  and  643  parts  per  million  (37.51  grains  per 
gallon)  in  the  Creek  at  Farmington. 


1  Analyses   of  water  ten   miles   from   shore  of  Lake  Michigan.     Streams  Exam- 
ination Sanitary  District  of  Chicago,  p.  18. 

2  This   standard   of  purity  is   seldom    found     in     the     unfiltered    water     as     all 
streams  are  more  or  less  polluted. 

3  None  when  drawn  from  wells.     They   may   become   turbid   and   develop   color 
on  standing. 

4  Varies  as  the  waters  contain  ferrous  salts. 


BARTOW.]  INTERPRETATION   OF    MINERAL   ANALYSES.  49 

Potassium. — Very  few  separations  of  sodium  and  potassium  in  sur- 
face waters  have  been  made. 

Sodium. — The  smallest  amount  of  sodium  5.6  parts  per  million  was 
found  in  Lake  Michigan  water  at  Chicago.  The  highest  62.8  parts  per 
million  in  a  creek  at  Farmington. 

Magnesium. — The  lowest  magnesium  content  5.9  parts  per  million 
was  found  in  the  Ohio  river  at  Cairo,  the  highest  51.1  parts  per  million 
was  in  a  creek  at  Farmington.  The  Illinois  river  at  Havana  and  the 
Apple  river  at  Apple  river  station  had  41.5  and  41.2  parts  per  million, 
respectively. 

Calcium. — The  lowest  calcium  15.8  parts  per  million  was  found  in 
the  Ohio  river  at  Cairo,  the  highest,  107.1  parts  per  million,  in  1900  in 
the  Illinois  river  at  Havana. 

Iron. — The  lowest  iron  content  of  the  combined  oxides  of  iron  and 
aluminium,  was  found  in  Lake  Michigan  water,  .7  parts  per  million, 
the  highest,  64.7  parts  per  million  in  Kickapoo  creek  at  South  Bar- 
tonville. 

Nitrates. — The  lowest  nitrates,  .8  parts  per  million  of  NOa  was  found 
in  Lake  Michigan  water,  a  creek  at  Kockford  and  Kock  river  at  Kock- 
ford;  the  highest,  14.6  parts  per  million  of  NO»  in  the  Illinois  river 
at  Pekin,  due  undoubtedly  to  sewage  contamination. 

Chlorine. — The  lowest  chlorine,  2.2  parts  per  million,  was  found  in 
the  Kankakee  river  at  Kankakee,  and  the  highest  14  to  63  parts  per 
million  in  the  Illinois  river  and  16.8  parts  per  million  in  the  Calumet 
lake  at  Kensington. 

Sulphates. — The  lowest  sulphates  was  found  in  the  Apple  river,  7.8 
parts  per  million  with  Lake  Michigan  next  with,  8.4  parts  per  million, 
the  highest  112.4  parts  per  million  in  Calumet  Lake. 

Silica. — The  lowest  silica  was  found  in  Apple  river,  1.8  parts  per 
million,  the  highest  in  Kickapoo  creek  at  South  Bartonville,  176  parts 
per  million.  The  high  silica  of  the  latter  was  probably  due  to  sus- 
pended matter  which  was  not  removed  by  filtration. 

Springs. 

The  131  waters  analyzed  come  from  eighty-eight  towns  located  in 
fifty-eight  counties.  The  distribution  is  shown  on  plate  4.  An  in- 
spection of  the  results  show  the  following  interesting  items: 

Residue  on  Evaporation. — The  residue  on  evaporation  varies  from 
178.4  parts  per  million  (10.39  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  spring  at  Mak- 
anda,  Jackson  county,  to  12268  parts  per  million  (713.07  grains  per 
gallon)  in  a  spring  at  Creal  Springs  in  Williamson  county.  The  ma- 
jority of  the  springs  contain  from  15  to  35  grains  per  gallon  of  residue. 

Potassium. — Potassium  varies  from  0.8  parts  per  million,  in  springs 
at  Canton  and  London  Mills,  Fulton  county,  and  Cobden,  Union  county, 
to  29.2  parts  per  million,  in  a  spring  at  Cutler,  Perry  county.  By  far 
the  greatest  number  of  waters  have  less  than  five  parts  per  million;  of 
potassium. 

—4  G 


50  MINEEAL   CONTENT   OF   WATEES.  [bull.  no.  10 

Sodium. — Sodium  varies  from  4.2  parts  per  million  in  a  spring  at 
Piano,  Kendall  county,  to  1,963  parts  per  million  in  a  spring  at  Jack- 
sonville, Morgan  county.  A  majority  of  the  springs  have  less  than  fif- 
teen parts  per  million  of  sodium. 

Magnesium. — The  magnesium  varies  from  8.2  parts  per  million  in 
a  spring  at  Salem,  Marion  county,  to  591  parts  per  million  in  a  spring 
at  Claremont,  Eichland  county.  A  majority  of  the  springs  contain  more 
than  twenty  and  less  than  fifty  parts  per  million  of  magnesium. 

Calcium, — The  calcium  varies  from  17.0  parts  per  million  in  a  spring 
in  Salem,  Marion  county,  and  17.3  parts  per  million  in  a  spring  at 
Jacksonville,  Morgan  county,  to  1114.  parts  per  million  in  a  spring  at 
Creal  Springs  in  Williamson,  county.  The  majority  of  the  springs  con- 
tain from  75  to  10®  parts  per  million  of  calcium. 

Iron. — The  iron  varies  from  traces  in  several  springs  to  997.  parts 
per  million  in  a  spring  at  Sidell,  Vermilion  county.  A  large  majority 
of  the  springs  examined  contain  less  than  3.0  parts  per  million  of  iron. 

Alumina. — The  alumina  varies  from  a  trace  or  less  than  one  part  per 
million  in  several  springs  to  214.  parts  per  million  of  ALsOs  in  a  spring 
at  Abingdon,  Knox  county.  A  majority  contain  less  than  3.0  parts  per 
million. 

Nitrates.— -The  nitrates  vary  from  less  than  one  part  per  million  in 
many  springs  to  65.5  parts  per  million  of  ISTO  in  a  spring  at  Eock  Island, 
Eock  Island  county.  Most  of  the  spring  waters  examined  contain  less 
than  5.0  parts  per  million. 

Chlorine.— The  chlorine  varies  from  .7  parts  per  millian  in  a  spring 
at  Colchester,  McDonough  county  to  2675.  parts  per  million  in  a  spring 
at  Jacksonville,  Morgan  county.  The  majority  of  the  waters  contain  less 
than  ten  parts  per  million.     The  variation  is  shown  in  plate  4.     - 

Sulphates. — The  sulphates  vary  from  less  than  one  part  per  million 
in  several  springs  to  7,863  '  parts  per  million  in  a  spring  at  Creal 
Springs,  •Williamson  county.  The  amount  of  sulphates- is  very  variable 
though  about  half  of  the  springs  have  less  than  fifty  parts  per  million. 

Silica. — The  silica  varies  from  4.5  parts  per  million  of  SiCb  in  a 
spring  at  Cerro  Gordo  in  Piatt  county  to  68.4  parts  per  million  of  SiO 
at  Sidell,  Vermilion  county.  A  majority  contain  from  fifteen  to 
thirty  parts  per.  million  of  silica  (SiCh). 

Ammonium. — The  majority  of  the  springs  contain  less  than  .1  parts 
per  million  of  nitrogen  as  ammonia.  Where  they  contain  more  than  one 
p$rt  per  million  it  has  been  considered  in  calculating  the  hypothetical 
combinations.  A  few  springs  have  shown'  very  noticeable  amounts,  viz. : 
Springs^  at  Middlesworth,  Shelby  county ;  Piano,  Kendall  county ;  Pu- 
laski, Pulaski  county;  Dudley,  Edgar  county. 

Drift  Wells. 

We  have  included  in  this  summary  the  water  from  all  wells  reported 
as  having  their  sources  in  the  drift,  or  in  the  alluvial  soil  of  river 
bottoms. 


BARTOW.]  INTERPRET ATION   OF    MINERAL   ANALYSES.  51 

.'.Residue  on  Evaporation. — In  the  amount  of  mineral  content  we  find 
more  regularity  than  in  the  springs.  The  residue  on  evaporation  varies 
from  161  parts  per  million  (9.36  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  55  foot  well 
at  Poag,  Madison  county,  to  5,349  parts  per  million  (311.9  grains  per 
gallon)  in  a  24  foot  well  at  Creal  Springs,  Williamson  county.  The 
well  at  Creal  Springs  has  the  characteristics  of  the  springs  at  that 
place  and  should  almost  be  classed  with  springs.  A  bare  majority  of  the 
wells  of  this  class  which  were  analyzed  contain  less  than  500  parts  per 
million  (29.2  grains  per  gallon).  If  it  were  not  for  the  fact  that  many 
of  the  waters  examined  have  been  sent  in  because  of  difficulty  with  the 
water  in  boilers,  the  relative  number  of  the  wells  with  less  than  500 
parts  per  million  of  residue  would  be  greater.  The  location  of  the  deep 
wells  in  drift  and  the  amount  of  residue  in  each  is  shown  on  plate  5. 

Potassium. — The  potassium  varies  from  0.8  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
fifty  feet  deep  at  Oquaqua  in  Henderson  county  to  102  parts  per  million 
in  a  well  at  Hope,  Vermilion  county.  As  is  the  case  with  springs  an 
amount  of  potassium  exceeding  5.0  parts  per  million  is  uncommon. 

Sodium. — The  sodium  varies  from  4.0  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at 
Bristol,  Kendall  county  to  742  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Hope,  Ver- 
milion county.  The  sodium  is  higher  in  the  drift  wells  than  in  the 
springs.  Only  a  small  majority  of  the  wells  have  less  than  45  parts  per 
million  of  sodium.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  frequent  occurrence  of 
sodium  carbonate  waters  in  the  deep  drift  wells. 

Magnesium. — Magnesium  varies  from  4.3  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
at  Mt.  Vernon,  Jefferson  county,  to  511  parts  per  million,  in  a  well  at 
Greal  Springs,  Williamson  county.  A  majority  contain  more  than  25 
parts  per  million  and  less  than  45  parts  per  million  of  magnesium. 

Calcium. — Calcium  varies  from  18  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at 
Flanagan,  Livingston  county,  to  604  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at 
Morgan  Park,  Cook  county.  A  majority  of  the  wells  contain  less  than 
80  parts  per  million  of  calcium. 

Iron. — The  iron  varies  from  traces  in  several  wells,  to  11.0  parts  per 
million  in  a  well  at  Paris,  Edgar  county.  The  majority  of  the  wells 
contain  less  than  2.0  parts  per  million,  the  deeper  wells  as  a  rule 
containing  more  of  the  iron. 

Aluminium. — The  aluminium  varies  from  0.3  parts  per  million  in 
wells  at  Macomb,  McDonough  county,  to  12  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
at  Urbana,  Champaign  county.  A  large  proportion  of  the  wells  contain 
less  than  1.5  parts  per  million. 

Nitrates. — Nitrates  vary  from  0.1  parts  per  million  of  NOs  in  a  well 
at  Shelbyville,  to  850  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Bloomington.  The 
majority  of  the  wells  contain  less  than  2.0  parts*  per  million.  Most  of 
the  deeper  wells  contain  less  than  one  part  per  million. 

Chlorine. — Chlorine  varies  from  .6  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at 
Clinton,  DeWitt  county,  to  1,250,  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Hope, 
Vermilion  county.  A  majority  of  all  the  wells  have  less  than  15  parts 
per  million.  A  majority  of  the  deep  wells  contain  less  than  five  parts 
per  million.     (Plate  6.) 


** 


52  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  Lbull.  no.  10 

Sulphate. — The  sulphate  varies  from  0.2  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
at  Ashland,  Cass  county,  to  3,338  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Creal 
Springs.  This  well  is  similar  in  character  to  the  springs  at  Creal 
Springs,  and  contains  an  exceptionally  large  amount  of  sulphate.  While 
the  sulphate  is  very  variable,  the  greater  number  of  wells  contain  less 
than  50  parts  per  million.  The  majority  of  the  deep  drift  waters  con- 
tain less  than  15  parts  per  million. 

Silica. — The  silica  varies  from  1.8  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at 
Peoria,  to  75  parts  per  million  in  a  well  at  Creal  Springs.  A  large 
majority  of  all  the  drift  wells  contain  between  15  and  25  parts  per 
million. 

Ammonium. — The  majority  of  the  shallow  wells  do  not  contain  suffi- 
cient ammonium  to  make  it  necessary  to  consider  it  in  the. hypothetical 
combinations.  Ammonium  in  the  deeper  wells  reaches  41.1  parts  per 
million  of  NIL  in  a  well  at  Tolono,  Champaign  county,  and  a  majority 
of  the  deeper  wells  contain  more  than  1.0  parts  per  million. 

Deep  Wells  in  Rock. 

There  have  been  examined  259  wells  in  rock,  sixty-eight  of  which  are 
reported  to  us  as  flowing  wells.  This  distinction  has  no  effect  on  the 
quality  of  the  water,  and  therefore,  in  compiling  our  summaries,  we  have 
considered  all  of  the  deep  rock  wells  to  be  in  the  same  class.  The  large 
majority  of  the  deep  rock  wells  are  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  as 
indicated  on  plates  7  and  8. 

Residue  on  Evaporation. — In  the  residue  on  evaporation  we  find  a 
wide  variation.  From  the  209  parts  per  million  (12.13  grains  per 
gallon  )  in  a  well  300  feet  deep  at  Chicago,  Cook  county,  it  varies  to  the 
44,600  parts  per  million  (2,602  grains  per  gallon)  in  a  well  825  feet 
deep  at  Fairfield  in  Wayne  county.  The  residue  in  the  deep  wells  in 
rock  is  lowest  along  the  northern  border  of  the  State,  and  increases 
toward  the  south,  reaching  a  maximum  along  a  line  drawn  from  Quincy 
to  Ottawa.    This  is  illustrated  on  plate  7. 

Potassium. — The  potassium  varies  from  .7  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
174  feet  deep  at  North  Chicago,  to  332.1  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
275  feet  deep  in  Harrisburg,  Saline  county.  The  majority  have  less 
than  15  parts  per  million  of  potassium. 

Sodium. — The  sodium  varies  from  5.6  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
2,000  feet  deep  at  Byron,  Ogle  county,  to  13,548  parts  per  million  in 
a  well  825  feet  deep  at  Fairfield,  Wayne  county.  About  one-half  of  the 
wells  have  less  than  150  parts  per  million.  One  quarter  have  from  150 
to  400  parts  per  million  of  sodium. 

Magnesium. — The  magnesium  varies  from  1.6  parts  per  million  in 
a  well  90  feet  deep  at  Aurora,  Kane  county,  to  598  parts  per  million 
in  a  well  at  New  Burnside,  Johnson  county.  A  larere  majority  have  less 
than  60  parts  per  million,  and  only  about  one  seventh  of  the  wells  con- 
tain more  than  100  parts  per  million  of  magnesium. 


53 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


BULL.   NO.   10,   PLATE  9. 


LEGEND 

•  -  100 

u  lOO-ZOO 
1  200-300 
+    300-400 

*  400-500 
a   500-600 

•  600  + 
o    ACID 


54  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

Calcium. — The  calcium  varies  from  1.6  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
280  feet  deep  at  Keensburg  in  Wabash  county,  to  1,203  parts  per  million 
in  a  well  900  feet  deep  in  McHenry  county.  The  majority  of  the  wells 
contain  from  60  to  150  parts  per  million  of  calcium. 

Iron. — Iron  varies  from  traces  in  many  wells  to  2,506  parts  per 
million  in  a  deep  well  at  Kell  in  Marion  county.  A  majority  have  less 
than  2.0  parts  per  million  of  iron. 

Aluminium: — The  aluminium  varies  from  traces  to  428  parts  per 
million  in  a  well  at  Kell,  Marion  county.  The  majority  of  the  wells 
contain  less  than  2.0  parts  per  million  of  aluminium. 

Silica. — While  the  silica  varies  from  2.4  parts  per  million  of  SiO  in 
a  well  at  Stronghurst,  Henderson  county,  to  95  parts  per  million  in  a 
well  1,395  feet  deep  at  Bushnell,  McDonough  county,  80  per  cent  of  the 
wells  contain  between  5  and  15  parts  per  million  of  SiO. 

Nitrates. — Nitrogen  as  nitrates  varies  from  less  than  .1  parts  per 
million  of  NOs  in  several  wells,  to  93  parts  per  million  of  NOs  in  a 
well  250  feet  deep  at  Winnetka,  Cook  county.  The  majority  have  less 
than  0.8  parts  per  million  of  NOs. 

Chlorine. — Chlorine  varies  from  0.5  parts  per  million  in  a  well  2,100 
feet  deep  at  Amboy,  Lee  county,  to  11,000  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
275  feet  deep  at  Harrisburg,  Saline  county.  About  one-half  of  the  wells 
have  less  than  50  parts  per  million.  The  relative  distribution  of  the 
chlorine  in  deep  wells  in  rock  is  shown  on  plate  8.  Especially  notice- 
able is  the  increase  in  the  chlorine  f rom  the  northern  border  of  the  State 
to  a  maximum  along  a  line  drawn  from  Quincy  to  Ottawa. 

Sulphates. — Sulphates  vary  from  0.1  parts  per  million  of  SO*  in  a  well 
253  feet  deep  at  Paris,  Edgar  county,  to  2,119  parts  per  million  in  a  well 
sixty-two  feet  deep  at  New  Burnside,  Johnson  county.  The  majority 
of  the  wells  have  less  than  50  parts  per  million,  and  about  40  per  cent 
have  less  than  20  parts  per  million  of  SO*. 

Ammonium.— Only  a  very  small  number  of  the  deep  rock  wells  con- 
tain less  than  0.1  parts  per  million  of  ammonium  (NIL).  The  largest 
amount  observed,  15.9  parts  per  million,  was  found  in  a  well  275  feet 
deep  at  Harrisburg,  Saline  county.  The  ammonium  in  most  of  the  wells 
does  not  exceed  one  part  per  million. 

GENERAL  OBSERVATIONS. 

It  has  been  noted  that  the  waters  of  the  State  may  be  divided  into  two 
classes,  according  as  they  contain  sodium  carbonate  or  magnesium  sul- 
phate, and  the  relative  location  of  such  waters  has  been  shown  on  plates 
2  and  3.  We  would  further  note  that  the  large  majority  of  the  waters 
are  alkaline.  Only  twelve  contain  enough  nitrate,  chlorine,  and  sul- 
phate ions,  to  more  than  neutralize  the  potassium,  sodium,  ammonium, 
calcium,  and  magnesium,  leaving  some  sulphate  to  unite  with  iron,  to 
form  ferrous  sulphate.  These  waters,  it  may  be  noted,  are  from  Abing- 
don, Camden,  Creal  Springs,  Kell,  McComb,  Makanda,  Maquon,  Mt. 
Vernon,  Palestine,  Quincy,  Sidell,  and  Staunton. 

The  relative  alkalinity  of  the  waters  analyzed,  including  the  acid 
waters  is  shown  on  plate  9. 


bartow.J  INTERPKETATION   OF    MINEEAL    ANALYSESr  55 

Of  interest  to  the  engineer,  is  the  fact  that  fifty-nine  waters  from 
forty-two  towns,  contain  enough  nitrate  and  chlorine  ions  to  more  than 
neuralize  the  potassium,  sodium,  and  ammonium  ions,  so  that  mag- 
nesium chloride  appears  in  the  hypothetical  combinations,  indicating 
the  possibility  of  corrosion  when  used  in  boilers. 


iM.> 


5tf  MINERAL    CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [BULL.  NO.  10 


BOILER  WATERS. 

[By  S.  W.  Parr.] 


When  used  for  industrial  purposes,  water  is  chiefly  modified  as  to  its 
quality  by  the  mineral  constituents  which  are  held  in  solution.  This  is 
particularly  true  in  the  case  of  waters  which  are  to  be  used  for  steam 
generation  in  boilers.  The  constant  removal  of  pure  water  in  the  form 
of  steam  leaves  a  solution  of  mineral  matter  more  or  less  concentrated 
which  may  result  in  (a)  the  formation  of  scale,  (b)  the  priming  or 
foaming  of  the  water,  or  (c)  the  corrosion  of  the  plates  and  flues. 

From  an  analysis,  therefore,  of  the  mineral  constituents  we  should  be 
able  to  fairly  judge  as  to  the  behavior  of  a  water  when  used  for  steam- 
ing purposes. 

Scale. 

The  formation  of  scale  on  the  interior  of  a  boiler  produces  a  number 
of  results  more  or  less  serious.  Scale  is  a  poor  conductor  of  heat;  on 
this  account  more  fuel  is  required  to  produce  a  given  result.  The  added 
expense  from  this  cause  has  been  estimated  as  follows.1 

"A  test  of  steaming  efficiency  was  made  at  the  University  of  Illinois,  on  a 
locomotive  .  having  a  thickness  of  scale  averaging  one-eighth  of  an  inch. 
After  over-hauling  and  cleaning,  a  second  test  was  made  which  showed  a 
heat  loss  of  10.5  per  cent  due  to  the  one-eighth  of  an  inch  scale. 

This  agrees  closely  with  a  comparison  made  previously  on  the  same  road. 
The  performance  sheets  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  locomotives  were  taken 
with  reference  to  the  consumption  of  coal  for  three  months  next  preceding 
an  overhauling  and  cleaning,  and  these  results  were  compared  with  the 
coal  consumption  for  the  three  months  immediately  following  such  a 
cleaning,  with  an  average  showing  for  the  one  hundred  and  twenty  en- 
gines, of  almost  exactly  10  per  cent  in  favor  of  the  scale-free  condition. 

The  annual  fuel  bill  on  one  of  the  roads  of  the  Middle  West  is  approx- 
imately $1,500,000.  Suppose  half  the  locomotives  on  the  system  to  he  clean 
and  working  at  their  proper  efficiency,  and  the  other  half  possessed  of  tfhe 
above  average  thickness  of  scale;  5  per  cent  additional  cost  for  fuel  would 
represent  an  annual  tax  of  $75,000  due  to  this  cause. 

Duplicate  this  expense  with  another  which  would  represent  approximately 
the  cost  of  overhauling  and  repairs,  chargeable  directly  to  the  presence  of 
scale,  and  we  have  a  sum' representing  the  annual  interest  at  5  per  cent  on  an 
Investment  of  $3,000,000.  This  takes  no  account  of  interest  on  the  large 
number  of  continuously  idle  engines  under  repaid,  nor  of  the  cost  of  acci- 
dents or  disasters  due  more  or  less  directly  to  bad  waters." 

Aside  from  the  loss  of  heat  there  are  other  serious  possibilities.  When 
thus  protected  from  the  cooling  effect  of  the  water  the  iron  attains  a 


l  Journal  American  Chemical  Society      28-640. 


parr.]  BOILEE   WATEES.  57 

much  higher  temperature  than  would  otherwise  be  the  case,  thus  facili- 
tating the  absorption  of  oxygen  and  sulphur  from  the  combustion  cham- 
ber. Under  the  best  possible  conditions  the  deterioration  of  a  fire-box 
is  rapid  enough.  Overheating  of  the  plates  due  to  poor  conductivity 
rapidly  multiplies  the  rate  of  deterioration  as  the  result  of  the  change 
in  chemical  composition  of  the  iron.  The  temperature  may  even  reach 
a  point  where  softening  of  the  iron  occurs,  thus  making  possible  the 
blowing  out  of  the  metal.  Quite  as  serious  a  possibility  is  the  cracking 
of  the  layer  of  scale  over  the  parts  thus  highly  heated  whereby  the  water 
is  suddenly  admitted  under  conditions  well  suited  to  produce  an  ex- 
plosion. 

The  constituents  in  solution  which  are  classed  as  scale  producers  are 
silica,  iron,  aluminium,  and  salts  of  calcium  and  magnesium.  The  last 
two  are  commonly  in  the  form  of  bicarbonates  and  sulphates,  though 
they  may  occur  as  chlorides  and  still  less  frequently  as  nitrates.  Be- 
cause of  the  fact  that  the  most  common  and  most  evident  characteristic 
is  shown  by  its  scaling  property,  this  feature  has  been  of  more  use  than 
any  other  to  indicate  the  quality  of  boiler  waters. 

Probably  the  earliest  and  still  perhaps  the  most  frequently  used  meth- 
od of  classification  is  based  on  the  hardness  or  quantity  of  soap  required 
to  precipitate  the  lime  and  other  scaling  constituents  in  order  to  bring 
the  water  to  a  "soft"  condition.  The  degree  of  hardness  may  be  deter- 
mined, according  to  Clark's  process,  by  use  of  a  solution  of  soap  reacting 
npon  a  solution  of  calcium  chloride  of  such  strength  that  each  gallon 
should  contain  the  equivalent  of  one  grain  of  calcium  carbonate.  Each 
grain  so  held  in  solution  is  designated  as  a  degree  of  hardness.  But 
since  the  English  imperial  gallon  differs  from  the  American  gallon,  the 
Clark's  scale  of  hardness  differs  correspondingly ;  that  is,  by  the  English 
standard,  one  degree  of  hardness  is  equivalent  to  one  grain  of  calcium 
carbonate  in  70,000  grains  of  water,  and  by  the  American  standard,  one 
degree  of  hardness  is  equivalent  to  one  grain  of  calcium  carbonate  in 
58,381  grains  of  water.  The  French  and  German  standards  differ  again 
in  that  they  are  based  on  the  decimal  system,  each  degree  of  hardness 
representing  so  many  parts  per  100,000  of  water,  but  it  is  to  be  noted 
that  the  German  degree  represents  one  part  of  CaO  per  100,000  parts 
of  water,  while  the  French  degree  represents  one  part  of  C&CO  per 
100,000  parts  of  water.  It  is  coming  to  be  a  very  common  practice 
in  this  country  to. consider  each  part  per  million  or  1  milligram  (of 
CaCOs)  per  liter  as  a  degree  of  hardness,  and  this  is  more  in  accord  with 
the  method  of  reporting  other  data  connected  with  water  analysis.  These 
methods  of  measuring  the  scaling  properties  of  boiler  water  convey  a 
somewhat  vague  and  not  altogether  satisfactory  conception  of  its  char- 
acter. They  are  based  on  the  same  equivalent;  namely,  that  for  lime  or 
calcium  carbonate,  but  are  made  to  include  all  scale-forming  ingredients, 
since  they  all  react  to  form  an  insoluble  soap.  That  is,  while  magnesium 
and  iron  unite  with  the  soap  solution  in  the  same  manner  as  the  lime, 
Hiey  differ  as  to  the  relative  proportions  in  which  they  unite.  An  appli- 
cation of  this  unit  to  the  grading  of  waters  is  sometimes  made  for  the 
purpose  of  designating  the  relative  quality  of  a  water.  At  a  meeting  of 
the  American  Association  of  Railway  Chemists  held  at  Buffalo,  N".  Y., 
May  24-25,  1887,  the  following  schedule  was  adopted : 


58  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS,  [bull.  no.  10 

Water  containing  less  than  15  grains  per  gallon  of  scale -forming  ingredients  (258 
parts  per  million),  good. 

From   15   to   20   grains  per  gallon    (258   to   344   parts  per  million),   fair. 
From  20  to  30  grains  per  gallon   (344  to  515  parts  per  million),  poor. 
From  30  to  40  grains  per  gallon   (515  to  697  parts  per  million),  bad. 
Over  40  grains  per  gallon  (697  parts  per  million),  very  bad. 

While  this  schedule  may  serve  as  a  very  fair  index  of  the  quality  of 
many  waters,  there  are  others  where  such  a  test  would  be  misleading. 
For  example,  it  is  hardly  admissible  to  call  a  water  "good"  which  has, 
say  15  grains  to  the  gallon  (258  parts  per  million)  of  scaling  material 
when  other  constituents  are  present  in  sufficient  quantity  to  cause  foam- 
ing. A  water  cannot  be  both  good  and  bad  at  the  same  time.  Again, 
it  is  not  impossible  to  have  waters  with  from  15  to  20  grains  to  the 
gallon  (258  to  344  parts  per  million)  of  incrusting  matter  present  while 
other  conditions  exist  which  practically  prevent  the  formation  of  scale. 
The  diagnosis  of  a  water  for  boiler  use,  therefore,  is  not  altogether  a 
simple  proposition. 

So  far  as  the  scaling  ingredients  alone  are  to  be  taken  into  account, 
two  fundamental  facts  should  be  borne  in  mind;  first,  what  proportion 
of  the  lime  and  magnesia  is  present  as  sulphate,  and  second,  are  alkaline 
bicarbonates  present  in  sufficient  quantity  to  precipitate  the  scaling  in- 
gredients in  the  form  of  sludge,  and  thus  prevent  the  formation  of 
scale. 

Under  the  first  heading  it  may  be  said  that  the  presence  of  scaling 
ingredients  in  the  form  of  calcium  or  magnesium  sulphate  is  a  certain 
index  of  a  condition  which  will  result  in  the  formation  of  a  hard,  dense, 
cement-like  scale.  The  carbonates  of  these  elements  may  also  be  present 
in  much  larger  amount,  and  if  not  accompanied  by  sulphates,  the  scale 
formed  would  be  of  a  loose  open  texture,  easy  of  removal  in  cleaning, 
but  the  presence  of  calcium  sulphate  exceeding  two  or  three  grains  per 
gallon  (35  to  50  parts  per  million)  is  sufficient  to  serve  as  a  good 
cementing  material  in  the  production  of  a  hard,  flinty  scale. 

Under  the  second  heading,  that  of  water  having  an  excess  of  free 
alkaline  bicarbonates,  attention  is  called  to  the  wide  distribution  of 
these  waters  as  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  plate  9.  Very  considerable 
areas  are  met  with  in  Illinois,  where,  at  a  depth  of  from  100  to  200  feet 
this  type  of  water  is  obtained  which  has  almost  an  absence  of  sulphates, 
all  the  lime  and  magnesia  are  in  the  form  of  bicarbonates,  and  an 
amount  of  sodium  bicarbonate  is  present  ranging  from  2  to  20  grains 
per  gallon,  (35  to  350  parts  per  million)  quite  sufficient  upon  the  ap- 
plication of  heat  to  throw  all  of  the  scale-forming  ingredients  out  of 
solution. 

At  least  one  large  area  in  Illinois  has  been  developed  where  this 
water  is  found  at  a  depth  varying  from  125  to  165  tfeet.  With  the 
University  of  Illinois  as  a  center,  it  extends  east  and  west  approximately 
a  total  distance  of  100  miles,  and  north  and  south  about  40  miles.  At 
other  points,  the  same  type  is  met  with  at  varying  depths  from  springs 
to  deep  rock  wells.  At  Burnside,  near  Chicago,  this  same  free  alkali 
type  occurs  again  at  a  depth  of  400  feet.  At  Wenona,  100  miles  south- 
west, it  occurs  at  a  depth  of  800  feet,  but  with  an  additional  constitu- 
tent  of  sodium  chloride  amounting  to  80  grains  per  gallon  (1,380  parts 


PARR.] 


BOILER   WATERS. 


59 


per  million.)  At  Carbondale  again,  300  miles  south  of  Chicago,  the 
same  type  is  met  with,  having  15  grains  (258  parts  per  million)  of 
free  sodium  carbonate,  no  sulphate  of  lime,  and  120  grains  (206  parts 
per  million)  of  salt  per  gallon.     The  depth  is  850  feet. 

It  is  readily  seen  that  in  use,  with  this  type,  the  water  in  the  boiler 
becomes  more  and  more  impregnated  with  free  alkali.  This  very  soon 
becomes  a  most  active  precipitating  re-agent  for  the  fresh  incoming 
water,  the  result  being  that  no  scale  but  only  sludge  forms  inside  the 
boiler.  Outside  the  boiler,  in  the  feed  water,  e.  g.,  this  condition  does 
not  exist;  indeed,  the  bicarbonate  of  lime  present  is  in  the  best  possible 
form  for  producing  scale  where  only  heat  is  applied,  hence  such  waters 
scale  badly  in  feed  pipes  as  they  approach  the  hot  part  of  the  boiler, 
as  also  in  feed-water  heaters  and  especially  in  heaters  such  as  water- 
backs  for  household  service. 

'  The  wide  distribution  of  this  type  of  water  and  its  increasing  use  for 
industrial  .purposes  makes  any  information  as  to  its  behavior  desirable. 
Fifteen  years  ago  such  waters  were  so  rarely  met  with  as  to  be  practi- 
cally without  recognition.  Today  they  are  of  such  common  occurrence 
as  to  call  for  special  consideration  concerning  their  characteristics  in 
practical  service.  When  properly  handled  they  have  some  features  of 
exceptional  advantage. 

Occasional  experiments  have  been  conducted  by  the  writer  with  a 
view  to  making  use  of  that  particular  property  of  alkalinity,  which  re- 
sults in  accumulation  of  free  soda-ash,  and  sodium  hydroxide  in  the 
residual  water  left  in  the  boiler  from  the  continued  generation  of  steam. 
This  residual  water,  it  will  readily  be  seen,  is  the  best  possible  form  of 
solution  for  the  chemical  treatment  of  the  incoming  water.  If  the  raw 
water  is  allowed  to  come  directly  into  the  boiler,  there  is  set  up  at  once 
this  purifying  reaction  already  mentioned,  which  results  in  the  pre- 
cipitation _ of  the  scaling  ingredients  within  the  generator  in  the  form 
of  sludge.  To  prevent  this  reaction  within  the  boiler,  and  at  the  same 
time  take  advantage  of  the  principle  by  providing  for  its  operation  on 
the  outside,  the  following  procedure  was  followed. 


TECD 


BLOW  OFF 

Fig.  1.     Experimental  Plant  for  study    of  boiler  water. 

The  accompanying  diagram  shows  an  installation  devised  by  the  au- 
thor and  used  at  the  Illinois  Central  roundhouse  at  Champaign,  Illinois. 


60  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

The  method  has  been  in  operation  for  a  number  of  years  with  decided 
advantage  over  conditions  where  the  same  water  was  fed  directly  into 
the  boiler.  The  supply  from  the  pump  and  feed  water  heater  is  forced 
through  the  pipe  A.  By  introducing  this  current  into  the  pipe  as  at 
C  a  jet  action  is  produced  which  carries  into  the  current  the  strongly 
alkaline  water  from  the  boiler,  thereby  reacting  with  the  scale-forming 
material  under  the  most  favorable  conditions  of  heat,  etc.,  to  produce 
complete  precipitation  of  that  material.  A  settling  drum  is  provided, 
and  the  water  which  finally  passes  from  it  is  free  from  scale  forming  ma- 
terial either  dissolved  or  in  the  form  of  sludge. 

Foaming. 

One  problem,  and  that  often  a  serious  one,  presents  itself  in  connec- 
tion with  this  type  of  water,  and  that  is  the  tendency  to  foam.  A 
rather  extensive  series  of  tests,  made  in  connection  with  a  locomotive 
in  heavy  freight  service  on  the  Illinois  Central,  established  the  limit 
for  alkaline  salts  of  the  sulphate  and  chloride  sort  as  approximately 
fifty  grains  per  gallon  (860  parts  per  million)  ;  that  is,  when  an  ordin- 
ary engine  tank  filled  with  such  water  has  been  all  discharged  into  the 
boiler,  the  resulting  concentration,  bringing  the  ratio  ^up  to  three  or 
four  times  the  initial  amount  of  alkali,  affords  a  condition  to  promote 
foaming  when  extra  stress  of  work,  such  as  a  heavy  load,  or  greater 
speed,  is  imposed  upon  the  engine.  This  tendency  to  foam  is  much  en- 
hanced by  the  presence  of  free  alkali. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  a  consideration  of  the  scaling  ingredients 
alone  can  hardly  be  made  without  taking  into  account  the  foaming  con- 
stituents. It  may  be  said  in  general,  however,  that  where  free  sodium 
bicarbonate  is  not  present,  at  least  in  quantity  sufficient  to  precipitate 
all  of  the  scale  forming  material,  its  character  is  fairly  indicated  by  the 
tabulation  already  given  as  proposed  by  the  Association  of  Railway 
Chemists. 

As  already  stated,  a  water  may  be  definitely  considered  as  liable  to 
foam  in  locomotive  boilers  if  the  quantity  of  alkaline  salts  approaches 
fifty  grains  to  the  gallon  (860  parts  per  million)  in  amount.  Stationary 
boilers,  because  of  more  uniformity  of  service  and  greater  steam  space, 
may  not  foam  even  with  a  much  greater  amount  of  alkali  present.  Other 
conditions,  however,  may  greatly  modify,  this  assumption.  It  is  alto- 
gether probable  that  if  conditions  could  be  maintained  within  the  boiler 
whereby  the  water  would  be  free  from  finely  divided  particles,  the  tend- 
ency to  foam  would  be  lessened  if  not  entirely  removed.  The  opposite 
condition  is  certain  to  exist  in  all  cases  where  free  sodium  carbonate  is 
present  in  the  water.  Its  action  is  to  precipitate  the  lime  and  other 
scaling  ingredients  immediately  upon  the  entrance  of  fresh  water  to 
the  boiler.  Hence,  under  these  conditions,  foaming  is  likely  to  occur 
with  much  less  alkaline  salt  present  than  fifty  grains  per  gallon  (860 
parts  per  million).  Especially  is  this  the  case  where  the  waters  are 
turbid  from  finely  divided  matter  in  suspension.  It  will  sometimes 
happen  that  water  from  streams  carrying  this  fine  material  will  cause 


parr.]  BOILER   WATERS.  61 

foaming  where  the  alkaline  salts  with  free  sodium  carbonate  present  will 
not  amount  altogether  to  more"  than  15  or  20  grains  per  gallon  (258  to 
344  parts  per  million.) 

Corrosion. 

Corrosion  is  ordinarily  due  to  free  acid  accompanying  the  teachings 
from,  coal  mine  water,  the  iron  pyrites  upon  oxidizing  to  ferric  oxide 
liberating  sulphuric  acid.  Magnesium  chloride  is  almost  equally  corrod- 
ing, and  the  nitrates  of  either  magnesium  or  calcium  are  active  in  the 
same  direction.  These  latter  combinations  rarely  occur,  and  when 
found  are  associated  with  such  large  quantities  of  scaling  material  that 
the  metal  surfaces  are  kept  well  covered  with  protecting  scale.  However, 
it  may  be  expected  that,  in  such  cases,  pitting  under  the  scale  may  occur 
due  to  the  localized  decomposition  of  the  salts  and  the  liberation  of  free 
acid.  Gases  dissolved  in  water  may  cause  corrosion.  This  is  often  to 
be  observed  near  the  inlet  of  feed  pipes  where  the  dissolved  oxygen  or 
carbon  dioxide  of  the  incoming  feed  water  furnish  the  conditions  favor- 
able to  corrosion. 

In  general,  the  waters  of  the  free  alkali  tvne  which  are  self  purging 
have  by  that  fact  the  conditions  present  which  are  most  active  in  pro- 
moting foaming.  By  the  same  conditions,  produced  artificially  by  the 
usual  methods  of  water  treatment,  either  within  or  outside  of  the 
boiler,  the  chief  difficulty  encountered  is  the  tendency  to  foam  on  the  part 
of  the  water  thus  treated.  It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  paper  to  discuss 
methods  of  water  purification,  but  rather  to  present  such  facts  as  have 
a  bearing  upon  the  diagnosis  of  a  boiler  water,  thus  enabling  one  with  a 
reasonable  degree  of  certainty  to  foretell  the  probable  behavior  of  the 
water  when  used  for  steaming  purposes. 


62  MINEEAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 


THE  MEDICINAL  SPRINGS  OF  ILLINOIS. 

[By  George  Thomas  Palmer,  M.  D.l] 


Historical  Statement. 

Until  within  the  past  few  years,  the  intelligent  study  of  mineral  water 
therapy,  or  "crounotherapy,"  as  it  is  now  generally  termed,  was  left  al- 
most entirely  to  the  medical  men  of  the  old  world.  The  American  min-. 
eral  springs,  which  were  discovered  in  considerable  number  early  in  our 
national  history,  received  the  more  or  less  transitory  attention  and  pat- 
ronage of  laymen  and  the  passing  notice  of  a  few  physicians,  but  were 
developed  in  such  a  way  as  to  produce  no  dependable  literature  concern- 
ing their  waters  or  their  therapeutic  uses.  The  majority  of  the  water- 
ing places  which  sprang  into  prominence,  laid  their  claims  for  favor  on 
their  facilities  for  social  enjoyment,  and,  with  the  changes  of  fashion, 
they  have  fallen  into  decay.  Such  data  as  were  accumulated  concerning 
the  medicinal  value  of  their  waters,  were  unsupported  by  competent  med- 
ical observation  and  frequently  bore  the  earmarks  of  commercial  enter- 
prise. Valuable  mineral  springs,  which  merited  the  serious  attention 
of "  the  better  element  of  the  medical  profession,  were  advertised  in  the 
flamboyant  style  of  the  patent  medicine  vendor,  and  physicians  turned 
from  them  with  skepticism  or  with  disgust. 

During  this  same  period,  while  the  valuable  medicinal  waters  of 
America  have  been  denied  the  medical  profession  through  unfortunate 
methods  of  promotion  and  through  lack  of  real  knowledge  concerning 
them,  the  spas  of  the  old  world,have  maintained  their  place  in  European 
therapy  and  have  drawn  a  not  inconsiderable  support  from  the  patron- 
age of  the  American  people.  In  fact,  in  foreign  countries,  mineral 
water  treatment  has  advanced  hand  in  hand  with  other  therapeutic 
measures,  each  year  becoming  more  firmly  established  and  more  widely 
accepted  through  more  careful  observation  of  its  efficiency,  and  this  is 
made  apparent  through  the  fact  that  practically  every  European  text-book 
or  monograph,  dealing  with  therapeutics  or  the  practice  of  medicine,  de- 
votes a  reasonable  amount  of  space  to  the  practical  application  of  min- 
eral waters. 

The  American  medical  profession  have  found  it  to  their  advantage  to 
borrow  extensively  from  European  medical  lore,  English  translations  of 
European  monographs  finding  a  ready  market  in  this  country,  and  as  a 
result  of  the  study  of  such  works,  the  well-read  American  physician  has 
gained  a  fair  idea  of  the  value  of  the  waters  of  Carlsbad,  Vals,  Vichy 
and  other  European  watering  places,  although  remaining  entirely  in 


lEditor  of  "The  Chicago  Clinic  and   Pure   Water  Journal,"    Springfield,   111. 


palmer.J  MEDICINAL    SPEINGS.  68 

ignorance  of  the  therapeutic  applicability  of  our  American  waters.  Lt 
was,  in  all  probability,  the  interest  created  by  the  writings  of  European 
medical  authorities  that  prompted  our  recent  awakening  in  our  medi- 
cinal springs. 

Although  it  had  been  contended,  in  times  past,  that  practically  every 
European  water  had  one  or  more  analogues  in  the  United  States,  this 
fact  does  not  seem  to  have  been  placed  before  our  medical  profession  in 
concrete  form  until  1901,  when  Dr.  Guy  Hinsdale,  then  of  Philadelphia, 
presented  a  paper  on  "Some  Analogous  European  and  American  Min- 
eral Springs,"1  before  the  American  Climatological  Association.  This 
paper  was  based  upon  the  extensive  investigations  of  the  United  States 
Government,  carried  out  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale,  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Sur- 
vey,2 and  upon  the  work  on  "The  Mineral  Waters  of  the  United 
States,3  by  Dr.  James  K.  Crook,  of  New  York.  In  his  conclusions. 
Dr.  Hinsdale  pointed  out  that  "we  have  in  America  the  counterpart  of 
nearly  all  of  the  springs  of  Europe/'  and,  further,' that  we  have  some 
springs  such  as  Europe  has  never  seen.  The  comparative  lists  published 
by  Dr.  Hinsdale  at  that  time,  offered  information  which  was  indeed  sur- 
prising to  those  who  read  them  and  who  considered  their  significance. 
It  was  shown  to  that  class  of  prosperous  American  physicians,  of  more 
or  less  European  training,  who  had  been  accustomed  to  send  their  pa- 
tients to  the  spas  of  the  old  world  for  treatment,  that,  in  so  doing,  they 
had  imposed  unnecessary  burdens  of  time  and  money  upon  their  patrons; 
it  was  indicated,  to  the  far  sighted,  that  a  day  will  come  when,  as  in 
Europe,  crounotherapy  will  be  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  liberal  educa- 
tion of  every  American  -nhysician,  and  it  was  demonstrated  that  we  have 
at  hand,  in  this  country,  ready  for  practical,  therapeutic  application,  a 
wealth  of  natural  resources.  The  work  of  Dr.  Hinsdale  further  sug- 
gested that  the  extensive  literature,  collected  throughout  generations 
by  competent  European  observers  at  the  various  spas,  may,  with  slight 
modifications  and  allowances,  be  made  applicable  to  analogous  American 
waters  and,  hence,  of  the  greatest  practical  value  to  the  American  phys- 
ician. 

Regardless  of  the  revival  of  interest  in  our  medicinal  springs,  man- 
ifested in  the  early  part  of  the  decade,  there  remained  several  practical 
obstacles  to  the  immediate  employment  of  American  waters.  First,  the 
clinical  data  in  regard  to  our  various  waters  were  not  complete  or  ac- 
curate, while  many  of  the  water  analyses  were  faulty  if  not  absolutely 
worthless.  Second,  the  knowledge  of  the  members  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession of  the  general  principles  of  crounotherapy  was  exceedingly  meagre, 
and  American  medical  colleges  showed  no  inclination  to  relieve  the 
dearth  of  information.  Third,  only  a  small  proportion  of  American 
springs  had  such  facilities  as  would  assure  comfortable  residence  and 
the  best  of  treatment  to  the  sick  and  afflicted.  Fourth,  the  better  class 
of  medical  men  had  not  seen  it  to  their  advantage,  to  take  up  their  resi- 
dence at  the  various  springs,  and  very  frequently  the  class  of  resident 
resort  physicians  was  such  as  to  inspire  little  or  no  confidence  either  on 
the  part  of  the  patient  or  his  family  physician. 

1  Transactions  of  the  American  Climatological  Association,  Vol.  XVII,  p.   264. 

2  Bull.   No.   32-  Us   S.   Geological   Survey,    1886,   Washington,   D.   C. 

3  Lea   Brothers   &   Co.,    Philadelphia,   1899. 


64  MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

During  the  past  few  years,  however,  the  attitude  of  the  American 
physician  toward  mineral  water  treatment  has  appreciably  changed. 
American  watering  places  have  been  developed  and  improved  as  never 
before  known  in  the  nation's  history.  Hotels,  sanitaria  and  bathing  es- 
tablishments, easily  comparable  with  those  of  European  spas,  have  been 
erected  at  a  large  number  of  the  spring  resorts.  The  more  recent  text- 
books on  the  practice  of  medicine  and  practical  therapeutics,  have  de- 
voted more  attention  to  crounotherapy  than  did  any  of  the  older  works, 
while  several  important  volumes,1  devoted  exclusively  to  mineral  water 
and  climatic  treatment,  have  been  brought  forth  in  American  editions. 
This  altered  attitude  of  our  general  medical  literature  and  the  increase 
in  the  special  literature  will  better  fit  the  physician  to  consider  crouno- 
therapy sanely  and  intelligently. 

At  the  same  time,  a  number  of  the  most  prominent  of  American  phy- 
sicians have  taken  up  their  residence  at  the  well  known  springs  and  the 
therapeutic  possibilities,  as  well  as  the  limitations  of  the  waters  are  being 
determined,  by  accurate  observation.  The  conscientious  work  of  Peale 
has  rendered  the  interpretation  of  mineral  water  analyses,  from  a  thera- 
peutic standpoint,  far  more  simple,  while  the  United  States  Government, 
influenced,  perhaps,  by  Peale  and  his  associates  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  has  assumed  jurisdiction  over  several  of  the  more  im- 
portant watering  places,  preserving  to  the  nation  these  wonderful  natur- 
al resources  and  giving  assurance  of  the  highest  degree  of  protection  to 
the  sufferer  who  m'ay  go  to  these  springs  for  treatment.  Parenthetically, 
it  may  be  stated,  that  this  government  control  of  mineral  springs — 
which  is  in  accord  with  the  European  method — gives  promise  of  becom- 
ing the  strongest  factor  in  doing  away  with  the  quackery  and  charlatanry 
of  our  American  resorts  and  of  establishing  Ainerican  springs  upon  a 
dignified  and  substantial  basis. 

So  obvious  has  been  the  growth  of  interest  in  the  subject  of  our 
mineral  springs,  and  so  essential  has  it  become  that  our  medical  pro- 
fession be  placed  in  possession  of  the  real  facts  in  regard  to  the  therapeu- 
tic value  of  their  waters,  that  Dr.  Joseph  D.  Bryant,  President  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  laid  special  stress  upon  the  matter  in 
his  presidential  address,  delivered  at  Atlantic  City,  in  June,  1907/ 
After  referring  at  length  to  the  necessity  for  honest  and  pure  drugs — a 
matter  of  recognized  vital  importance  to  the  profession — he  said : 

"But  little  less  important  than  the  preceding  (honest  and  pure  drugs)  in 
some  respects,  would  be  the  careful,  scientific  consideration  of  the  therapeutic 
value  of  the  abundant  springs  of  our  country.  There  is  much,  indeed,  of 
special  significance  regarding  their  popular  use  which  might  well  be  gar- 
nered and  put  on  a  sound  basis.  A  scientific  cooperation  with  those  in  charge 
of  certain  baths  possessed  of  traditional  specific  value  might  readily  guide  to 
improved  conditions  of  significant  importance  to  all  those  who  seek  relief. 
A  country  as  rich  as  ours  in  these  spontaneous  endowments,  can  well  af- 
ford, in  proper  ways,  to  court  the  attention  and  support  of  the  afflicted 
to  the  decided  advantage  of  all  concerned." 


H  refer  to  "The  Therapeutics  of  Mineral  Springs  and  Climates,"  by  I.  Burney 
Teo,  W.  T.  Keener  &  Co.,  Chicago,  1904;  "Handbook  of  Climatic  Treatment  and 
Balneology,"  by  Wm.  R.  Huggard,  Macmillan  &  Co.,  New  York  and  London,  1906; 
Solis-Cohen's  System  of  Physiologic  Therapeutics,  Vol.  IX,  P.  Blakiston's  Son  & 
Co.,  Philadelphia,  1902. 

2  Journal  of  the  American  Medical  A  ssociation,  June  8,   1907,  p.  1909. 


PALMER.]  MEDICINAL   SPRINGS.  65 

The  unreasoning  apathy  and  indifference  of  past  years  is  changing 
to  active  and  serious  interest  and,  as  is  usually  the  case,  the  interest  is 
manifested  first  by  those  who  stand  highest,  in  the  profession.  The 
fact  that  the  leaders  in  medicine — the  writers  of  text  books  and  the  moul- 
ders of  professional  thought — are  awakening  to  the  importance  of  min- 
eral water  therapy,  assures  a  period  of  active  interest  in  the  subject  and 
that,  in  a  not  very  distant  future. 

On  the  eve  of  this  awakening  of  interest,  a  consideration  of  the  min- 
eral water  resources  of  the  State  of  Illinois  is  important  and  timely, 
especially  since  several  of  the  mineral  springs  of  the  State  have  received 
recognition  by  writers  of  national  reputation  and  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  there  are  doubtless  many  waters  fully  as  worthy  of  consideration. 
So  far  as  I  am  aware,  there  has  been  no  systematic  attempt  to  collect  the 
data  on  Illinois  medicinal  waters  except  that  resulting  in  a  report  made 
before  the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society,1  in  1903.  In  preparing  that 
report,  I  was  compelled  to  rely  almost  entirely  upon  material  already 
published  and  upon  the  "literature"  published  by  the  few  companies  that 
had  developed  springs  in  the  State.  Acting  upon  a  suggestion  made  by 
Dr.  I.  N.  Danforth,  in  his  discussion  of  my  report,  I  have  continued  the 
collection  «of  material  on  Illinois  springs  until,  at  the  present  time, 
although  my  records  are  exceedingly  defective,  I  am  in  the  position  to 
say  that  we  have  within  the  State  many  waters  of  unquestionable  thera- 
peutic value  and  the  counterparts  of  many  spas  and  springs  which  have 
gained  wide  repute. 

The  Mineral  Springs  of  Illinois  and  Their  •Classification. 

Beginning  at  the  northern  end  of  the  State,  we  find,  near  Waukegan, 
in  Lake  county,  the  Glen  Flora  Spring,  from  which  is  obtained  a  water 
containing  about  36.41  grains  of  mineral  matter  to  the  gallon  (624  parts 
per  million) — a  water  very  similar  in  character  to  the  waters  of  Wau- 
kesha, Wisconsin — a  resort  which  is  situated  but  a  short  distance  north 
and  west.  This  spring  is  classed  by  Peale  and  Hinsdale1  as  belonging  to 
the  alkaline  calcic-magnesic  (or  "earthy  water")  group,  33.22  of  the  36 
grains  of  mineral  matter  being  alkaline  carbonates. 

At  Libertyville,  in  Lake  county,  is  a  spring  which  has  been  known 
by  several  names  during  its  rather  varied  history.  At  one  time  it  was 
called  the  Purix  Spring,  and  at  that  time,  a  number  of  prominent  Chi- 
cago physicians  expressed  confidence  in  its  therapeutic  efficiency  and 
organized  a  com'pany  for  its  sale.  So  far  as  we  are  able  to  ascertain, 
the  water  is  alkaline-calcic  in  character,  probably  not  unlike  the  waters  of 
the  lower 'end  of  Wisconsin. 

In  the  southern  part  of  Lake  county,  near  the  village  of  Deerfield, 
is  the  Deerlick  Spring,  producing  a  light  alkaline-saline  water,  con- 
taining 45  grains  of  mineral  matter  to  the  gallon  (772  parts  per  million) 
of  which  26.61  grains  (456  parts  per  million)  is  sodium  sulphate — a 
water  very  similar  to  the  Piedmont  White  Sulphur  Springs,  of  Cali- 
fornia, Doxtatteris  mineral  well,  of  New  York,  and  the  Healing  Springs, 

1  Solis-Cohen's  System  of  Physiologic  Therapeutics,  Vol.   IX,   p.   320. 

—5  G 


66  MINERAL    CONTENT   OF   WATEES.  [bull.  no.  10 

of  Virginia.  This  water  has  been,  utilized  medicinally  to  a  very  large 
extent,  especially  in  Chicago,  and  has  secured  the  approval  of  Drs.  John 
B.  Murphy,  Joseph  Zeisler,  W.  L.  Noble  and  other  physicians  of  prom- 
inence. 

At  Cary  Station,  in  McHenry  county  are  the  Abana  Mineral  Springs, 
which  are  not  unlike  the  Salt  Sulphur  Springs,  of  West  Virginia,  and. 
which  are  used  commercially  to  a  very  considerable  extent.  The  Abana 
mineral  waters  are  saline-sulphated  calcic-sodic-magnesic  carbonated 
in  character,  having  a  total  mineralization  of  510.78  grains  to  the 
gallon,  (8,740  parts  per  million),  of  which  410.13  grains  (7,031  parts 
per  million),  are  sulphates. 

In  Cook  county  there  are  but  two  springs  reported  as  being  used 
medicinally,  and  of  these  little  reliable  information  can  be  obtained. 
The  Sylvan  Dell  Sulpho-Magnesian  Spring  is  situated  just  outside 
the  corporate  limits  of  Chicago,  and  just  north  of  Oak  Park,  while  the 
other,  the  Alcyone  Spring,  is  located  at  Western  Springs,  where  its 
waters  are  utilized  by  a  sanitarium. 

Near  the  boundary  between  Kane  and  Kendall  counties,  are  two 
springs  of  commercial  importance — the  Montgomery  Magnesia  and 
the  Aurora  Lithia  Springs.  The  waters  of  both  these  springs  have 
been  sold  extensively  in  Chicago.  The  Montgomery  Magnesia  Spring 
affords  an  alkaline  sodic  water  containing  38.92  grains  of  mineral 
matter  to  the  gallon,  (668  parts  per  million),  of  which  a  large  part  is 
made  up  of  the  carbonates  of  sodium.  The  water  is  very  similar  to  that 
of  the  Bladen  Springs  of  Alabama. 

Near  these  springs,  however,  is  another  which  gives  considerable 
promise  of  therapeutic  value.  This  is  the  Min-Ni-Yan  Spring,  at  Bris- 
tol, Kendall  county — or,  rather  a  group  of  springs  of  that  name,  giving 
forth  water  having  an  average  mineralization  of  24.91  grains  to  the 
gallon,  (427  parts  per  million),  alkaline-saline  calcic-magnesic  alumino- 
chalybeate,  the  water  percolating  through  a  large  deposit  of  peat  or 
mud  which  may  be  utilized,  in  time  to  come,  for  the  peat  or  mad  baths 
which  have  been  employed  so  successfully  at  Carlsbad,  and,  in  our  own 
country,  at  Mudlavia,  Indiana,  Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico  and  at  the  Byron 
Springs  of  California. 

A  short  distance  from  Elgin,  in  Kane  county,  is  the  Zonian  .  Spring, 
similar  in  the  character  of  its  water  to  the  All  Healing  Spring,  of  North 
Carolina — that  is,  an  alkaline  calcic-magnesic  water,  containing  15.69 
grains  (269  parts  per  million)  of  mineral  matter  and  12.20  grains  (209 
parts  per  million)  of  alkaline  carbonates. 

It  will  be  noted  that  all  the  foregoing  springs,  with  the  exception  of 
Deer  Lick,  are  light  alkaline  calcic-magnesic,  similar  in  character  and 
in  therapeutic  applicability  to  the  well  known  waters  of  Waukesha, 
Min-Ni-Yan  Spring  having  the  additional  feature  of  mud  or  peat 
deposits. 

At  Ottawa,  LaSalle  county,  we  find  a  water  which  materially  differs 
from  those  of  northern  Illinois,  coming  from  the  Sanicula  Spring. 
This  water  contains  170.77  grains  (2,928  parts  per  million)  of  mineral 
matter  to  the  gallon,  15.32  grains  (263  parts  per  million)  being  alka- 
line carbonates  and  139.64  grains   (2,394  parts  per  million)   of  chlor- 


palmer.]  MEDICINAL    SPRINGS.  67 

ides.  This  is  an  alkaline-saline-calcic-sodic  muriated  water  which  is 
said  to  be  of  considerable  therapeutic  value,  and,  while  much  weaker  in 
mineral  salts,  is  of  the  same  general  type  as  the  waters  of  Saratoga. 

In  Eock  Island  county  are  three  springs,  which  are  said  to  have  some 
local  reputation,  but  of  which  little  is  really  known.  .  These  are  the 
Illinois  City  Artesian  Well,  at  Illinois  City;  the  Black  Hawk 
Spring,  at  Eock  Island,  and  the  Eenna  Wells,  at  Andalusia. 

The  water  of  the  Aqua  Vitae  Spring,  situated  near  Maquon,  Knox 
county,  has  been  classed  by  Peale  as  a  sulphated  acid  water  which  ijs 
calcic-magnesic  alumino-chalybeate.  This  water  contains  2.57  grains 
(44  parts  per  million)  of  free  sulphuric  acid,  55.38  grains  (950  parts 
per  million)  of  iron  salts,  and  223  grains  (3,830  parts  per  million)  of 
sulphates,  with  a  total  mineralization  of  258.04  grains  (4,481  parts  per 
million.  This  is  a  type  of  water  which  is  unknown  in  Europe,  the  analy- 
sis of  no  spa  water  showing  the  presence  of  free  acid.  Similar  to  it  are 
the  Texas  Sour  Wells,  the  Oak  Orchard  Springs  of  New  York,  the  Iowa 
Acid  Spring  of  Iowa  and  Gaylord  and  G-ulick's  Mineral  Spring  of 
Pennsylvania. 

A  rather  remarkable  sulphated  iron  water,  containing  69  grains  (1,183 
parts  per  million),  of  iron  sulphate  to  the '  gallon,  comes  from  the 
Schuyler  County  Spring,  located  in  Schuyler  county — a  water  not 
unlike  that  of  the  Aqua  'Vitae  Spring  above  described,  except  that  it 
contains  no  free  sulphuric  acid — and  one  which  is  quite  similar  to 
the  European  spas  of  Alexisbad,  Mitterbad  and  Parad. 

Little  is  known  of  the  Eed  Avon  Spring,  situated  at  Avon,  Fulton 
county. 

The  Versailles  Springs,  in  Brown  county,  are  very  similar  to  the 
St.  Moritz  Spring  of  Switzerland,  being  calcic-magnesic  alumino-chaly- 
beate,  with  a  total  mineralization  of  192.93  grains,  (3,308  parts  per 
million),  of  wnich  22.42  grains,  (385  parts  per  million),  are  iron  salts 
and  167.82  grains,  (2,877  parts  per  million)  sulphates.  The  American 
analogues  of  this  spring  are  the  Austin  Springs  of  Tennessee,  the 
Cresson  Alum  Spring  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Eldorado  Park  Spring 
of  Missouri. 

The  Perry  Springs,  of  Pike  county,  at  one  time  flourished  as  a 
summer  resort  with  a  hotel  capable  of  accommodating  200  guests,  which 
was  crowded  each  season  by  visitors  from  Illinois  and  a  number  of  sur- 
rounding states.  One  of  the  springs  (No.  1),  is  alkaline  calcic-magnesic 
in  character,  containing  38.24  grains  (656  parts  per  million)  of  mineral 
matter  of  which  32.90  grains  (564  parts  per  million)  is  made  up  otf 
alkaline  carbonates.  This  water  is  almost  identical  with  the  waters  of 
Waukesha.,  Wisconsin,  not  only  in  the  character  but  also  in  the  amounts 
of  mineral  salts.  It  is  consequently,  very  much  like  the  waters  in 
northern  Illinois,  first  referred  to  in  this  paper.  In  addition  to  this 
alkaline  spring,  there  are  also  at  Perry  Springs,  sulphuretted  and  ferru- 
ginous springs  which  have  attained  a  local  reputation. 

Information  concerning  the  Carburetted  Springs,  near  Decatur, 
Macon  county,  is  so  meagre  that  it  is  of  no  significance. 


68  MINEEAL   CONTENT   OF   WATEES.  [bull.  no.  10 

The  Greenup  or  Cumberland  Springs,  at  Greenup,  Cumberland 
county,  produce  an  alkaline-saline  sodic  water,  containing  184.95  grains 
(3,171  parts  per  million)  of  mineral  matter  to  the  gallon,  of  which 
113.31  grains  (1,943  parts  per  million)  are  chlorides  and  75.95  grains 
1,302  parts  per  million)  alkaline-carbonates.  .  This  water  is  quite  sim- 
ilar to  those  of  the  Castalian,  Glen  Alpine  and  El  Paso  de  Kobles 
Springs  of  Caliornia,  although  the  latter  are  thermal  waters.  Greenup 
has  been  developed,  to  a  slight  extent,  as  a  resort,  and  the  water  has 
been  used  commercially. 

In  Madison  county,  near  Grant  Pork,  is  the  Diamond  Spring,  men- 
tioned by  Crook,  but  concerning  which  little  seems  to  be  known. 

The  Sailor  Springs,  in  Clay  county  (two  in  number)  have  been  used 
for  resort  purposes  and  are  now  visited  annually  by  large  numbers  of 
people.  Crook  states  that  the  waters  have  a  local  reputation  for  the 
treatment  of  certain  digestive  and  urinary  disturbances,  but  there  is  no 
accurate  information  obtainable. 

The  American  Carlsbad  Springs,  located  at  Nashville,  Washington 
county,  are  badly  named,  the  similarity  to  Carlsbad  being  slight.  Pealei1 
however,  has  selected  this  water  as  the  type  of  the  American  analogues 
of  the  water  of  Pullna,  Bohemia,  it  being  a  saline  sodic-magnesic  water, 
containing  258.90  grains  (4,439  parts  per  million)  of  mineral  matter 
with  222.50  grains  (3,814  parts  per  million)  of  sulphates  (chiefly  mag- 
nesium sulphate)   to  the  gallon. 

At  Mount  Vernon,  Jefferson  county,  are  the  Green  Lawn  Springs, 
of  which  the  Washington  Spring,  affording  an  alkaline  calcic-chaly- 
beate water,  is  very  similar  to  the  waters  of  Massanetta  Springs,  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  Stafford  Mineral  Springs  of  Mississippi. 

The  Tivoli  Spring,  at  Chester,  Eandolph  county,  and  the  Western 
Saratoga  Spring,  near  Anna,  Union  county,  are  not  developed  and 
little  is  known  concerning  them. 

A  mineral  spring  resort,  which  promises  much  for  the  future,  is 
Creal  Springs,  in  Williamson  county.  This  resort  is  well  improved, 
the  Ozark  hotel  and  bath  houses  offering  good  accommodations,  the  sul- 
phated  chalybeate  waters  being  used  extensively  in  treatment. 

The  Dixon  Springs,  near  Grantsburg,  Pope  county,  afford  a  sul- 
phated  chalybeate  water,  reputed  to  be  of  considerable  value. 

The  Poss  Mineral  Springs,  of  Saline  county,  are  mentioned  by 
Peale  in  his  lists  of  sulphuretted  springs. 

We  find  on  reviewing  the  foregoing  data,  that  we  have  in  Illinois 
more  or  less  valuable  types  of  some  of  the  most  important  classes  of 
mineral  waters.  That  the  character  of  the  individual  waters  may  be  the 
more  easily  appreciated,  the  following  table  has  been  arranged  to  show 
the  classification  of  the  principal  Illinois  medicinal  waters,  the  quanti- 
ties of  the  salts  contained  in  them  and  their  American  and  European 
analogues,  the  data  being  given  in  grains  per  gallon  and  in  parenthesis 
parts  per  million: 


l  Solis-Cohen's  System  of  Physiologic  Therapeutics,  Vol.   IX,  p.  340. 


PALMER.] 


MEDICINAL   SPRINGS. 


69 


ALKALINE  WATERS. 


Alkaline 
carbonates. 


Total  solids. 


Sodic. 

Montgomery  magnesia  springs1  

Bladen  springs,  Alabama 

Calcic-  Magnesic 

Glen  Flora  springs1 

Perry  springs,  (No.  I)1 

White  Rock  spring,  Waukesha,  Wis  . . 

Zonian  spring1 

Eastman  springs,  M  ichigan 


36.61    (627.) 
43.99     (754.) 


33.22 
32.90 
32.13 
12.20 
13.35 


(569.) 
(564.) 
(551.) 
(209.) 
(229.) 


38.92 

48.88 


36.41 
38.24 
37.06 
15.69 
13.57 


(667.) 
(838.) 


(624.) 
(656.) 
(635.) 
(269.) 
(233.) 


ALKALINE-SALINE    WATERS.     (Sulphated.) 

Alkaline 
carbonates. 

Sulphates. 

Total  solids. 

Sodic-  Magnesic. 
Deer  Lick  spring1 

26.61     (456.) 
24.89    (427.) 

45.00      (770.) 

Piedmont  white  sulphur  spring 

22.85    (391.) 

62.61     (1073.) 

ALKALINE-SALINE 

waters.    (Chalybeate 
Sulphated.) 

Iron  salts. 

Alkaline 
carbonates. 

Sulphates. 

Total  solids. 

Min-Ni-Yan  spring1 

Harbin  springs,  California . . 
Versailles  spring1 

5.80    (100.) 
1.90    (32.5) 
22.42    (384.) 
44.64    (765.) 
2.392     (41.) 
71. 80*  (1231) 
66. 003  (1130) 

phate  waters; 

14.91    (256.) 
23.63    (405.) 

3.62  (62.) 
11.36      (195.) 

167.82  (2877.) 
90.28    (1548.) 

125.94    (2159.) 

24.91      (427.) 
46.53      (798.) 
192.93    (3308.) 
145.36     (2492.) 
172.00    (2949.) 

St.  Moritz,  Switzerland 

Schuyler  county  spring1 

Creal  springs    U    ,              , 
Dixon  springs  f      lron     sul 

amounts     not 

known. 

ALKALINE-SALINE  WATERS.     (Muriated.) 


Alkaline 
carbonates. 


Chlorides. 


Total  solids. 


Sodic. 

Cumberland  mineral  spring1 . . 
Howard  springs,  California  . .. 

Calcic -Sodic. 

Sanicula  spring1 

Saratoga  (Excelsior)  spring  . .. 


75.95    (1302) 
45.56      (781) 


15.32      (263) 
124.34     (2132) 


113  31     (1943) 
111.15     (1906) 


139.64  (2394) 

377.65  (6474) 


184.95     (3171) 
156.84     (2689) 


170.77     (2928) 
514.75     (8825) 


1  Denotes  Illinois  springs. 

2  Iron   sulphate. 


70 


MINEEAL   CONTENT   OF    WATEES 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


saline  waters.    (Sulphated.) 


Sodium 
sulphate. 


Sulphates. 


Total  solids. 


Sodic-Magnesic. 


American  Carlsbad  springs1 
Pullna,  Bohemia 


53.00       (910) 
990.40    (16979) 


Calcic- Sodic-Magnesic. 


Abana  mineral  spring1 

Salt  sulphur  spring,  West  Virginia. 


222.50  (3815) 
1794.29  (30761) 


410.13  (7031) 
125.47  (2151) 


259.90  (4456) 
2010.46  (3(467) 


510.78  (8757) 
150.28  (2577) 


SULPHURIC  ACID  WATERS. 


Sulphuric 
acid. 


Iron  salts. 


Sulphates. 


Total  solids. 


Calcic- M ague  sic-  Chafybeate. 

Aqua  Vitae  spring1 

Pate  sour  well,  Texas 

Gaylord  &  Gulick's  spring,  Pa 
Texas  sour  wells,  Texas 


2.57  (44) 

1.32  .(22) 

5.64  (97) 

7.26  (124) 


55.38  (949) 

69.19  1186) 

31.65  (543) 

7.58  (130) 


223.66  (3834) 

167.60  (2873) 

76.98  (1320) 

248.84  (4266) 


258.04  (4424) 

188.98  (3240) 

85.20  (1461) 

448.98  (7697) 


MUD  OR  PEAT  BATHS. 

Min-Ni-Yan  Spring.1 

Austro- Hungary:  Mehadia,  Pystjan  and  Warasdin-Toeplitz. 

France:    Aix-les-Bains. 

Italy:    Acqui. 

Sweden:    Loka. 

United  States:  Arrowhead  Hot  Springs,  Byron  Hot  Springs,  Byron  Spring,  El  Paso 
de  Kobles,  Hot  Mud  Springs,  all  of  California;  Mudlavia,  in  Indiana;  Las  Vegas  Hot 
Springs,  New  Mexico. 


Therapeutics. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  mineral  water  analysis  is  not,  in 
itself,  enough  to  base  our  conclusions  of  mineral  water  application  upon. 
The  classification  of  a  water,  based  upon  the  published  analysis,  is  ex- 
ceedingly suggestive  of  its  therapeutic  applications,  but  our  therapy  is 
not  well  founded  unless,  in -addition  to  the  determination  of  the  mineral 
salts  contained  in  a  water,  we  have  some  corroborative  evidence  in  the 
form  of  clinical  data. 

If  all  analyses  were  correct — as  unfortunately,  they  are  not — classifi- 
cation together  with  a  thorough  understanding  of  the  therapeutic  indi- 
cations of  similar  waters,  would  give  us  a  sound  working  basis.  In  the 
present  state  of  our  knowledge  of  mineral  waters,  we  must  bring  to- 
gether all  available  evidence  and,  even  then,  our  deductions  may  prove 
erroneous. 

The  following  observations  on  the  clinical  or  therapeutic  uses  of  Illi- 
nois medicinal  waters  are  based  upon:  (1)  the  analysis;  (2)  the  clin- 
ical data  obtainable  concerning  each  water;  (3)  the  therapeutic  re- 
sults obtained  by  using  identical  or  similar  waters. 

Taking  up  first,  the  alkaline  so  die  waters,  of  which  the  Montgomery 
Magnesia  Spring  is  a  •type,  and  which  depend  for  their  activity  upon 
the  sodium  carbonates  in  them,  we  find  first  that  Montgomery  magnesia 


l  Denotes  Illinois  springs. 


palmer.]  MEDICINAL    SPEINGS.  71 

water  is  already  credited  by  eastern  writers  as  being  an  excellent  diur- 
etic, especially  applicable  in  rheumatism  and  the  gouty  diathesis.  Clin- 
ical evidence  concerning  Bladen  Springs,  Alabama,  which  produces  a 
water  with  almost  an  identical  analysis,  indicates  that  this  type  of  water 
is  of  value  in  chronic  indigestion,  functional  disease  of  the  kidneys, 
diabetes  and  catarrhal  conditions  of  the  urinary  tract.  Kisch  and 
Hinsdale1  give,  as  the  indications  for  a  water  of  this  type;  gastric  ca- 
tarrh, catarrhal  conditions  of  the  respiratory  tract,  catarrhal  conditions 
of  the  urinary  bladder  and  of  the  biliary  passages  and  catarrhal  jaun- 
dice. In  recommending  waters  of  this  class  for  chronic  gastritis,  these 
writers  suggest  that  the  water  should  be  taken  warm  and  that,  instead 
of  the  large  quantities  usually  taken  in  the  morning,  there  should  be 
small  quantities  at  numerous  times  throughout  the  day. 

The  alkaline  calcic-mag nesic  waters,  of  which  there  are  several  represen- 
tatives in  Illinois,  are  best  known  therapeutically  through  the  wide  ex- 
perience with  the  waters  of  Waukesha,  Wisconsin.  These  "earthy 
waters"  are  used  in  chronic  cystitis,  in  nephritis,  in  tendency  to  form- 
ation of  kidney  or  bladder  stone,  in  bronchial  catarrh  with  profuse 
secretions,  in  scrofula  and  rickets  and  in  any  of  those  conditions  in 
which  increased  excretion  is  desired — in  the  so-called  uric  acid  diathesis, 
gout,  etc.  In  diabetes  mellitus  these  waters  have  attained  considerable 
reputation  and  there  is  not  the  slightest  doubt  but  that  their  use  is 
accompanied  by  good  results.  Wilcox,  in  his'  recent  work  on  the  treat- 
ment of  disease,  questions  the  advantage  of  the  lighter  mineral  waters 
over  any  good  drinking  water,  but  he  contends  that  the  free  use  of 
water  between  meals  is  of  importance  in  the  treatment.  He  adds,  in- 
cidentally, that  the  patient  will  drink  the  bottled  spring  waters,  or  the 
waters  at  the  springs,  more  regularly  and  more  systematically  than  the 
water  at  home.  This  would  seem  to  be  an  admission  that,  in  his  ex- 
perience, the  diabetics  using  these  waters  have  obtained  better  results 
than  those  not  using  them.  Be  this  as  it  may,  an  exceedingly  large 
number '  of  competent  physicians  are  satisfied  that  the  calcic-magnesic 
carbonated  waters  are  of  distinct  benefit  to  the  diabetic  and  a  prolonged 
residence  at  Waukesha  inclines  me  to  concur  in  this  belief. 

Of  the  alkaline-saline  so  dic-mag  nesic  sulphated  waters,  Deer  Lick  is 
a  type.  Both  in  the  use  of  this  water  and  that  of  the  Piedmont  White 
Sulphur  Springs  of  California — its  American  analogue — experience  has 
taught  that  benefit  may  be  expected  in  various  digestive  disorders,  in 
anemia  (particularly  of  auto-toxemic  origin),  in  rheumatism  and  in 
functional  disorders  of  the  liver  and  kidneys.  The  water  is  regarded  as 
tonic,  markedly  diuretic  and  slightly  aperient. 

The  alkaline-saline  chaloyoeate  sulphated  waters,  of  which  there  are 
several  worthy  of  note  within  the  State,  have  very  broad  therapeutic  in- 
dications— their  therapeutic  activity  being  due  to  the  combination  of 
the  alkaline  carbonates,  the  sulphates  of  magnesium  "and  sodium  and  the 
iron  salts.  The  more  lightly  mineralized  waters  of  this  group  have  been 
advocated  in  the  treatment  of  stone  of  the  kidney  and,  for  many  years 
it  was  erroneously  contended  that  the  beneficial  effect  was  due  to  a  direct 


l  Solis-Cohen's  System  of  Physiologic  Therapeutics,  Vol.  IX. 


72  MINERAL    CONTENT   OF   WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

solvent  action  upon  the  concretions.  At  the  present  time  this  view  is 
not  accepted.  The  benefit  derived  from  the  water  comes  from  the 
marked  diuretic  action,  from  the  flushing  out  of  the  kidneys  preventing 
the  formation  of  new  concretions  and  expelling  those  of  very  small  size. 

These  waters  are  of  distinct  advantage  in  chronic  hyperemia  of  the 
liver,  due  to  sedentary  life  and  habitual  constipation,  especially  when 
an  anemic,  toneless  condition  underlies  the  clinical  manifestations. 
Kisch1  advises  these  waters  in  diarrhoea,  especially  when  caused  by  "in- 
creased or  qualitatively  altered  secretion  of  bile." 

The  waters  of  this  class  frequently  contain  very  considerable  quanti- 
ties of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas — the  so-called  "sulphurous  waters" — 
a  class  long  recommended  in  the  treatment  of  syphilis.  It  is  quite  true 
that  the  internal  use  of  the  valine  sulphurous  waters,  and  the  frequent 
sulphurous  baths,  increase  the  elimination  of  the  mercurials,  either  by 
stimulating  the  activity  of  the  skin,  the  gastro-intestinal  tract  and  the 
kidneys,  or,  as  suggested  by  Kisch — by  forming  certain  definite  chemical 
combinations  with  the  mercurial  salts.  However,  the  idea  that  the  sul- 
phurous waters  are  in  any  way  specific  in  syphilis,  or  that,  as  formerly 
contended,  they  "render  apparent  latent  syphilis  and  assure  diagnosis/' 
is  entirely  without  foundation.  In  syphilis,  the  alkaline-saline  or  saline 
drinking  cures,  without  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  will  be  found  quite  as 
effective  as  when  the  'sulphuretted  waters  are  used.  So  far,  these  re- 
marks have  been  confined  to  the  milder  types  of  this  group' — of  which 
Min-M-Yan  is  a  type — a  group  which  Hinsdale1  believes  may  be  relied 
upon  for  many  of  the  beneficient  results  obtained  from  the  waters  of 
Eranzenbad,  Elster,  Bohitsch  and  Bertrich. 

Turning  to  the  stronger  iron  sulphated  waters, — such  as  Versailles, 
Schuyler  county,  Creal  and  Dixon  Springs,  in  Illinois — we  find  ample 
justification  in  the  literature  of  Europe  for  the  following  conclusions : 
Such  waters  are  tonic,  and  astringent  and  antiseptic  or  disinfectant  to 
the  digestive  tract.  In  chronic  diarrhoea  and  in  chronic  malarial 
cachexia  they  have  been  found  of  value,  while  certain  observers  feel 
justified  in  strongly  recommending  them  in  the  after-treatment  of  gas- 
tric ulcer,  particularly  where  there  have  been  extensive  and  exhausting 
hemorrhages.  In  anemia — especially  when  due  to  conditions  of  auto- 
intoxication— these  waters  in  small  quantities  internally,  and  used  as 
baths,  have  been  found  of  value,  while  in  the  scrofulous  conditions  as- 
sociated with  anemia,  the  results  are  especially  gratifying.  Kisch2 
speaks  highly  of  the  sulphated  chalybeate  waters  for  scrofulous  girls  at 
puberty  "who  do  not  exhibit  erethistic  conditions  of  the  vascular  system." 

Another  group  of  cases  in  which  these  waters  have  been  used  by  cer- 
tain European  clinicians  is  that  in  which  sexual  neurasthenia  prevails 
in  the  clinical  picture,  with  impotence,  pollutions  and  similar  pheno- 
mena. In  such  cases,  the  baths  have  a  nerve  invigorating  effect,  Used 
internally,  the  waters  should  be  taken  in  small  quantity,  that  the  bladder 
may  not  be  overdistended,  and  they  should  be  freed  from  their  gases, 
to  prevent  undue  irritation  of  the  urinary  tract. 


1  Solis-Cohen's  System  of  Physiologic  Therapeutics,  Vol.  IX. 

2  Loc.  cit. 


palmer.]  MEDICINAL    SPRINGS.  73 

In  anemia,  associated  with  fatty  heart,  in  the  anemia  following  ex- 
hausting disease  and  in  chlorosis,  these  waters  have  been  frequently 
recommended,  while  the  iron  sulphate  baths  have  been  found  beneficial 
in  the  nervous  disorders  of  the  heart.  Some  writers  have  claimed  their 
use  to  be  beneficial  in  exophthalmic  goitre,  especially  when  the  springs 
have  been  so  located  as  to  offer  advantages  of  favorable  climate. 

The  alkaline-saline  muriqted  waters  of  which  there  are  two  of  con- 
siderable promise  in  Illinois,  have  long  been  recognized  as  therapeuti- 
cally valuable  by  European  observers.  Perhaps  the  largest  amount  of 
clinical  data  has  been  collected  in  Ems,  but  at  Saratoga  Springs,  in  our 
own  country,  practical  experience  with  this  class  of  waters  has  been  ex- 
tensive. Used  in  the  form  of  baths,  this  water  has  been  of  value  in 
chronic  muscular  and  articular  rheumatism.  In  the  drinking  cures  it 
has  been  employed  in  the  treatment  of  chronic  passive  stasis,  such  as  oc- 
curs in  heart  disease,  pulmonary  emphysema,  general  obesity  and  in 
drunkards,  in  blennorrhea  of  the  urethra,  in  irritation  from  urinary 
calculi  and  in  those  conditions  which  bring  about  vesical  hemorrhoids. 
Europeans  favor  the  use  of  these  waters  in  chronic  enlargement  of  the 
spleen  especially  when  due  to  syphilis,  mercurial  cachexia,  scrofula  or 
rickets. 

While  there  is  little  or  no  clinical  evidence  bearing  upon  the  subject 
in  this  country,  several  competent  foreign  observers,  report  good  results 
from  these  waters  in  amyloid  degeneration  of  the  liver. 

In  catarrhal  jaundice,  where  no  profound  changes  have  taken  place 
the  alkaline-saline-muriated  waters  may  be  employed  at  home  with 
benefit;  but,  in  the  advanced  cases,  a  sojourn  at  the  springs  is  indicated. 

In  the  chronic  diarrhea  of  the  emaciated  and  enfeebled,  these  waters 
have  been  employed  with  great  benefit,  especially  in  the  presence  of 
intestinal  catarrh,  but  in  such  cases  the  water  should  be  used  judiciously 
and  only  small  doses  employed. 

At  Ems — which  is  a  most  important  European  source  of  this  class 
of  water — the  results  in  the  treatment  of  gastric  catarrh,  with  hyper- 
chlorhydria,  flatulence  and  cardialgia  have  been  most  gratifying,  as  they 
have  been  in  those  cases  of  suspicious  bronchial  catarrh,  where  tuber- 
culosis is  suspected,  but  where  the  bacilli  have  not  been  demonstrated. 

In  gout,  benefit  is  obtained  by  the  internal  use  of  these  waters  in 
combination  with  baths,  through  the  counteracting  of  the  underlying 
derangement  of  metabolism,  the  stimulation  of  elimination  and  the  local 
symptomatic  relief  of  joints,  muscles  and  tendons. 

Conditions  of  the  urine,  with  uric  acid  sediment  of  moderate  amount, 
yield  readily  to  the  proper  use  of  these  waters. 

The  American  Carlsbad  and  the  Abana  Springs  represent  the  saline 
sulpliated  or  "bitter  water"  group  of  springs.  Waters  of  this  class  de- 
pend chiefly  for  their  activity  upon  the  magnesium  sulphate  and  sodium 
sulphate  they  contain.  It  is  the  purgative  property  of  the  former  salt, 
with  its  stimulating  effect  upon  the  secretions  of  the  intestinal  canal, 
its  influence  in  liquefying  fecal  matter  and  its  pronounced  stimulating 
effect  upon  the  mucous  membranes  that  renders  it  most  effective.  It 
must  be  'borne  in  mind,  however,  that  the  stronger  "bitter  waters"  must 
be  used  in  very  small  quantities  and  that  their  use  must  not  extend  over 


74  MINEEAL    CONTENT    OF    WATERS.  [bull.  no.  10 

a  great  length  of  time,  else,  in  the  opinion  of  many  observers  there 
will  occur  a  reduction  in  the  alubuminous  constitutents  of  the  body 
and  impairment  of  the  blood  formation,  while  mild  and  severe  degrees 
of  gastric  or  intestinal  catarrh  may  result.  The  Illinois  waters  of  this 
type  may  be  relied  upon  for  satisfactory  results,  but,  on  account  of  the 
comparatively  small  quantities  of  salts  contained  in  them,  they  may  be 
taken  with  less  concern,  as  to  these  unpleasant  features. 

~No  class  of  mineral  waters  has  been  used  more  extensively  by  both  the 
medical  profession  and  the  people  than  this,  and  abundant  clinical  evi- 
dence supports  the  use  of  the  waters  in  the  following  conditions:  For 
the  production  of  free  catharsis;  in  small,  repeated  doses  to  overcome 
fecal  impaction,  to  stimulate  the  elimination  of  waste  products  of  bodily 
metabolism,  in  pleural  and  other  serous  effusions,  enteritis  and  peri- 
tonitis to  keep  the  bowels  open,  in  the  peculiar  diarrhea  due  to  im- 
pacted masses  of  feces  in  the  colon,  in  acute  febrile  conditions  and  in 
atonic  states,  in  the  latter  case,  being  used  in  association  with  a  good 
ferruginous  tonic.  In  chlorosis  and  anemia,  dependent  upon  fecal  im- 
paction, this  water  is  of  especial  value. 

In  disease  of  the  kidneys,  with  general  anasarca  or  ascites,  such  waters 
are  of  value,  but  should  not  be  pushed  to  the  extent  of  causing  violent 
catharsis,  inasmuch  as  profuse  watery  stools  decrease  the  diuretic  effect. 

When  we  appreciate  the  great  frequency  of  constipation  and  of  faulty 
elimination,  especially  among  those  of  sedentary  life  and  liberal  dietary 
habit,  we  find  a  logical  reason  for  the  beneficial  effects  in  the  use  of  the 
saline  sulphated  waters,  even  when  employed  in  the  absence  of  intelli- 
gent medical  advice  or  supervision.  The  conditions  dependent  upon 
failure  to  eliminate  waste  products  constitute  a  group  of  cases  as  ill- 
defined  as  it  is  broad,  and  it  is  unquestionably  true  that  there  is,  in  con- 
nection with  well-defined  pathologic  states,  frequently  an  element  of 
auto-intoxication  which,  if  eliminated,  would  render  the  original  con- 
dition far  more  amenable  to  treatment. 

European  literature  contains  no  reference  to  the  sulphated  acid 
waters  and,  on  that  account,  the  American  waters  of  that  class  have 
been  generally  neglected  in  the  past.  Hinsdale1  calls  attention  to  these 
waters  and  to  the  fact  that-  none  of  this  type  is  to  be  found  in  Europe, 
but  he  says  nothing  of  their  therapeutic  uses.  Crook,2  in  describing 
waters  of  this  class,  states  that  they  are  used  clinically  and  with  con- 
siderable success  as  a  tonic,  alterative  and  astringent.  Locally  the 
waters  are  employed  in  conjunctivitis,  pharyngitis  and  in  leucorrhea. 
They  have  also  been  used  in  dyspepsia  and  intestinal  disorders. 

As  previously  stated,  there  is  at  least  one  deposit  of  mud  within  the. 
State,  through  which  mineral  waters  have  percolated  for  many  years,  and 
mud  of  such  character  as  to  be  readily  utilized  for  mud  baths.  Such 
baths,  properly  applied,  are  extremely  useful  in  relieving  inflam- 
matory diseases  of  the  joints,  various  paralyses  and  neuralgia.  The  hot 
mud  packs  increase  the  activity  of  the  skin,  adding  materially  to  the 
general  process  of  elimination. 


1  Solis-Cohen's  System  of  Physiologic   Therapeutics,  Vol.   IX. 

2  Mineral  V^aters  of  the  United  States,  Lea  Brothers  &  Co.,  1899. 


palmer.]  MEDICINAL    SPRING'S.  75 

In  presenting  these  notes  on  the  medicinal  waters  of  Illinois  and  their 
indications  in  the  treatment  of  disease,  I  desire  to  'lay  special  stress 
upon  one  or  two  general  considerations.  First,  it  is  not  the  belief  of 
any  physician  who  has  intelligently  studied  mineral  water  therapy  that 
crounotherapy  will  ever  take  the  place  of  the  rational  use  of  drugs.  It 
will  never  be  more  than  a  branch  of  general  therapy.  At  the  same  time, 
however,  we  believe  that  this  will  constitute  an  important  branch  which 
will  render  our  general  methods  of  treatment  far  more  effective. 

In  the  address  delivered  by  Dr.  Bryant  before  the  American  Medical 
Association,  quoted  in  an  earlier  part  of  this  paper,  attention  is  called 
to  the  significance  of  the  extensive  popular  use  of  mineral  waters  and  the 
necessity  for  prompt  action  in  putting  the  subject  on  a  sound  basis. 
This  can  only  be  done  by  the  members  of  the  medical  profession,  and  a 
certain  amount  of  the  labor  will  fall,  not  upon  those  who  are  specializ- 
ing in  this  field  and  collecting  data  for  general  use,  but  upon  the 
physicians  residing  in  the  vicinity  of  the  individual  springs. 

We  have  pointed  out  that,  in  Illinois,  we  have  types  of  the  most  im- 
portant mineral  springs.  So  far  as  comparison  of  analyses  can  take 
us,  these  waters  are  capable  of  employment  in  the  treatment  of  a  wide 
range  of  diseases.  Clinical  observation  and  intelligent  clinical  observa- 
tion will  be  necessary  to  substantiate  our  hypotheses  and  deductions. 
It  now  remains  for  the  medical  men  of  Illinois  to  do  their  part  and, 
if  this  part  is  done  conscientiously  and  well,  there  is  every  reason  to  be- 
lieve that,  in  the  spa  treatment  of  disease,  which  is  destined  to  greater 
popularity  in  America,  we  shall  not  have  to  go  beyond  the  boundaries 
of  our  own  State  for  the  proper  resort  treatment  of  our  sick  and  afflicted. 


76 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.    NO.  10 


ANALYSES  OF 


Abingdon 

Knox 

Abingdon 

Abingdon 

Abingdon 

Laboratory  number  

2287 

9738 

9739 

9159  . 

Date 

May  30, 1897.... 

J.  J.  Roger 

Spring 

Nov.  12, 1901... 
R.Harshberger 
Spring 

Nov.  12,  1901... 
R.Harshberger 

July  6,  1901.... 
S.  T.  Mosser  . . 
1355  feet    . 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata  

Rock 

Rock  

St.  Peter's 

Turbidity 

Color 

01 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

1085.6 

26.4 

Chlorine  

115. 

Oxygen  consumed 

5. 

fFree  ammonia.. 

1.472 

.132 

Nitrogen  as. ^  Ni^ites    " 

.04 

^.Nitrates 

.48 

6.6 
40.1 

2.7 
13.5 

2.1 
14.3 

43.9 
103.6 

.9 

.7 

6.2 

47.5 

119.5 

230.7 

1.9 

418.9 

111.6 

.3 
42. 

1989.6 

38.2 
101.4 

4."8 

.7 

6.6 

39.7 

-     36.0 
75.2 

Ferrous  Fe 

1.8 

SilicaSi 

7.9 

Nitrate  N03 

2.1 

115.0 

Sulphate  S04 

393.4 

Hypothetical 


§1 

Q 

trqw 

IS 

Is 

O 

CIS 

CfiS 

13 

3  3. 

11 

trqtJ 

hd 

3£ 

§1 

Q 

CfQ'd 

.6 
12.1 

.03 
.70 

1.1 

4.3 

.OP 
.25 

1.1 
3.2 

.06 
.19 

3.5 
20.3 

.20 

Potassium  Chloride 

1.18 

59.8 
53.8 

3.48 
3.13 

7.6 
32.5 

.44 
1.90 

7.8 
34.6 

.46 
2.02 

173.7 

500.8 

10.07 

29.05 

.3 

.02 

6.9 

.40 

124.2 

7.24 

22.2 
117.4 

1.29 

6.85 

26.9 
134.0 

1.57 

7.81 

62.4 
81.5 

3.62 

4.73 

1,422.8 
'  453J 

83.0 
"26!43 

Calcium  Carbonate — 

253.4 

14.78 

259.0 

15.08 

187.8 

10.89 

5.0 

9.5 

.29 
.55 

4.8 
1.7 

.    .28 
.1 

1.4 
3.4 

.08 

.2 

597.5 
49.2 

34.86 
2.87 

Silica    

26.4 

1.54 

26.0 

1.52 

16.8 

.97 

Total 

2,773.1 

161.74 

479.4 

27.95 

499.4 

29.11 

1058.5 

61.39 

Analyst 

C.  E 

.R. 

A.E 

.  E. 

A.E 

.E. 

A.  L 

M. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


77 


ILLINOIS   WATERS. 


Aledo 

Mercer 

10597  

Algonquin  .. 
McHenry  . .. 
3514 

Algonquin 
McHenry  . 

9373 

Sept.13,1901 
J.M.Pyatts 

80  feet 

Rock 

Flowing. .. 

Altamont 

Effingham  .. 

4543 

Dec.  29,  1898. 

A.P.Sy 

144  feet 

Rock 

Altamont.. 
Effingham. 

10168  

Jan.  6,  1902. 
J.K.Wal'ce 
137  feet  .... 
Sandstone  . 

Alton 

Madison. .. 

2211 

May  12, 1897 
L.F.  Schu'r 
80  feet 

Sept.  3,1902.. 
A.  Calhoun.. 

280  feet 

Limestone  .. 

April  28,  1898 
B.  B.  Stewart 

160  feet 

Drift 

Decided 

Yellow 

None 

Slight 

.02 
None 

Distinct.... 

.4 
None 

Distinct 

.06 
.000 

Decided  . .. 

Yellow  .... 

.000 

Distinct.... 
Yellow  .... 
None 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

650. 
36  8 
41. 
5. 
1.2 
.032 
.001 
18.0 
7.8 
156.5 
1.5 

294. 
21.2 
2.5  - 
3.7 
.64 
.074 

None 

.45 

6.0 

73.2 

.8 

11.6 

22.1 

.73 

.8 

6.5 

•> 

2^5 
3.6 

336.4 

20.8 

1. 

4.1 

2.32 

.088 

None 

.  .do 

4.8 
21.4 
3.0 
13.2 
46.9 
1.8 
32.1 
24.2 

1026.8 

50. 

185. 

13. 

5.4 

.226 

None 

.1 

11.5 

290.0 

6.9 

30.0 

67.1 

.5 

.7 

9. 

.5 

185.0 

12.0 

1005.2 

18.4 

341. 

7.1 

1.4 

.096 

None 

.24 
9.5 
304.2 

414. 

~      56.8 
4. 
1.5 
.4 
.018 

None 

.04 

1.6 

15.4 

23.5 

49.4 

1.2 

7.1 

3.0 

.6 

27.0 
36.8 
2.9 
6.6 
6.1 
1.0 
341.0 
9.3 

35.7 

108.6 

5.6 

2.1 

12.3 

.2 

4. 

12.4 

41. 

89. 

1.0 
1.2 

Combinations. 


►a 

Is 

C 
cjg. 

JQ'O 
95  (I 

►d 

33 

Is 

O 
CfQW 

93  i*D 

Is 

Q 

»§■■ 

93  n 

*0 

3£ 

Is 

O 

Cfll 

aqtJ 
p  ft 

►tJ 

3£ 

Is 

O 

O95 

tag 

JQtJ 

93  n 

*d 
a  3 

O 

j»g 

CTQtJ 
93^  O 

.9 

.or. 

.84 

3.2 

5.2 
4.4 

.19 
.30 

.26 

.7 
21.4 

.04 
1.34 

1.7 
17.0 

.09 
.99 

.3 
3. 

.02 
.17 

KNCs 

14.3 

2.i 

2.2 

4.8 

.12 
.13 

.28 

KC1 

K2S04 

K2C03 

56.6 

3.31 

7.68 
12.25 

288.1 

17.9 

394.8 

16.80 

1.05 

23.03 

549.5 

13.8 

192.5 

32.05 

.80 

11.23 

4.2 
18.6 
18.1 

.24 
1.08 
1.06 

NaCl 

131.7 

1.7 
167.3 

.10 

9.76 

Na,  S04 

210.0 

49.5 

2.88 

Na2C03 

(NH4)2  S04  .... 

4.1 

.24 

2.2 

.13 

8.0 

.47 

18.3 

1.07 

(NH4)2  C03.... 

MgSU4  

80.2 

4.68 

40.5 

2.36 

46. 

2.68 

104.4 

6.09 

94.1 

5.49 

117.4 

6.85 

MgC03 

CaS04 

123.6 

7.21 

55.2 

3.22 

117.2 

6.85 

166.2 

9.69 

91.8 

5.36 

272.0 

15.86 

CaC03 

FeS04 

2.6 

.15 

.08 

1.5 
.2 

.09 
.01 

3.7 

61.1 

.22 
3.57 

1.1 
1.4 

.06 
.08 

6.1 
12.4 

.36 
.72 

11.6 
4. 

.67 
.23 

Fe  CQ3 

1.4 

A1203 

AL  (SOJ3 

6.4 

.37 
2.27 

12.2 

.71 

51.5 

3.00 

19.2 

1.11 

12.8 

.75 

26.1 

1.52 

Si  02 

38.9 

670.7 

39.13 

293.6 

17.13 

346.1 

20.20 

1033.5 

60.26 

991.7 

57.84 

475.3 

27.70 

A.D.E. 

R.  W.S. 

A.D.E. 

R.  W.S. 

A.D.E. 

C.R.R. 

78 


MINEKAL  CONTENT  OE  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses 

of  Illinois 

Town 

Alto  Pass 

Union 

4589 

Amboy 

&pple  River  ..  , 

To  Daviess < 

)831 ( 

2929 

50 

Date 

Jan.  7,  1899  .... 
Will  Turk 

Nov.  10,  1897... 
City  supply  . .. 

2, 100  feet 

Rock 

Nov.  1,  1901... 
I.  C.  R.  R.... 

Stream  

Dct   7.  189") 

Owner  

J    F    Heffner. 

Depth 

Strata 

Capacity 

Remarks 

flowing 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

.03 
None 

Distinct 

.7 
.000 

Decided  . . 

Color 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

450.8 

18.8 

3.5 

2.5 

.012 

.000 

2.4 

8.2 

349.2 
33.2 
.5 
2.7 
.72 
..018 
.000 

2.8 

13.7 

.9 

34  9 

86.3 

1.6 

7.1 

6.5 

2.2 
.5 

7.7 

Chlorine 

5.4 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.-!  Nitrites 

Potassium  K 

16.1 

380.1 

Ammonium  (NH4)  

Magnesium  Mg 

19.5 

79.2 

.2 

.5 

5.9 

.17 

3.5 

10.4 

.02 

41.2 
54.9 

2.9 

Calcium  Ca  

7.9 

2.7 

Aluminium  Al 

.8 

4.4 

N  itrate  N  03 .' 

Chloride  CI 

5.4 
.9 

114. 

Sulphate  S04 

9.4 

Hypothetical 


O 

Q 
oag 

s»  Co 

35 

C3  2t 

G 

P3   CO 

35 

CJ  CO 

G 

p  Co 

Potassium  Nitrate ... 

.3 
4.3 

.02 
.25 

3.6 
1.1 
1.9 

.21 
.06 
.11 

Potassium  Chloride 

Trace 

Trace 

Potassium  Carbonate 

Sodium  Chloride 

2.3 

15.4 

5.5 

.13 

.89 
.32 

8.9 
13.8 
20.3 

.52 

.81 

1.19 

188. 

14. 

696. 

10.96 

Sodium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Carbonate 

9. 
14.1 

.52 

.82 

.82 
40.62 

Ammonium  Chloride 

2.5 

.14 

Magnesium  Chloride 

Magnesium  Sulphate  

Magnesium  Carbonate 

67.6 

3.93 

125.2 

7.30 

143.2 

8.36 

9.1 

.53 

Calcium  Chlorde 

Calcium  Sulphate         

197.8 

11.53 

212.6 

12.39 

137.2 

2.0 

8.00 
.12 

19.7 

J..15 

.5 

.9 

.03 
.05 

3.2 
1.9 

.18 
.11 

6. 

.31 

Aluminium  Sulphate 

Silica 

12.6 

.73 

13.8 

.80 

1.8 
69.8 

.11 
4.08 

9.3 

.54 

Suspended  matter 

Trace 
307.2 

Trace 

397.0 

23.19 

942.1 

Total 

17.88 

388.9 

22.64 

54.96 

Analyst  

R.  ~\ 

V.  s. 

R.  \ 

V.  S. 

A.  I 

).  E. 

A.  \ 

V.  P. 

BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


79 


Waters — Continued. 


Ashkum 

Ashland 

Ashland  . .. 

Assumption.. 

1 
Astoria 

Atlanta 

Cass 

Cass 

7439 

Apr.  30, 1900 

Christian 

9198    

Fulton 

3491 

Logan  .  .. 
3718 

June  22,1898 

9023 

6123 

Mar.  6,  1901.. 

Oct.  19, 

July  22, 1901.. 

Apr.  22,  1898 

H.G.  Morel. 

Silas  Hexter. 

H.S.Sav'ge 

W.S.  Walker 

S.  N.Flik'n 

E.R.Mason 

185    

Spring 

14  feet 

18  feet. 

1, 650  feet'. .. 

147  feet  .... 

Rock 

Clay     

Sand 

City  sup'ly 
Distinct  — 

Decided 

Distinct 

Decided  ... 

Decided 

Distinct 

Yellow 

Yellow 

Yellow 

Red 

.03 

.2 

None 

None ...  .. 

None 

None 

.000 

.000 

Milligram's 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000c. c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  2, 000c. c. 

per  l.OOOc.c. 

682.4 

447.2 

682. 

350. 

3,6^0.2 

511.2 

64. 

16.4 

43. 

22. 

66.0 

18.8 

295. 

8.0 

1. 

26. 

1,085. 

4.8 

9.2 

4.4 

14. 

3.6 

6.1 

9.5 

2.8S 

1.6 

12.8 

.288 

.093 

3.44 

.048 

.24 

.416 

.032 

.018 

.168 

.018 

.000 

.004 

.000 

.08 

.022 

.12 

2 

.08 

.79 

.15 

7.3 

1.7 

3.0 

1.3 

120.8 

26.9 

36.2 

35.1 

1. 003. 7 

31.2 

3.7 

2.0 
43.1 

16.4 
49.4 

.3 
25.3 

4.4 
43.1 

43.1 

59.4 

44.3 

106.4 

135.3 

60.6 

139.1 

97.1 

5.4 

2.3 

10.4 

8.5 

1.1 

3.8 

1.3 

.8 

5.1 

2.5 

.2 

.7 

2.7 

10.2 

17.6 

12.8 

6.5 

9.3 

.09 

.7 

.9 

.3 

3.4 

.7 

295, 

8.0 

1.0 

26.0 

1,085.0 

4.8 

2.4 

4.3 

.2 

6.3 

1,039.4 

18.1 

Combinations. 


a  " 

a  i-i 
: 

C 

Is 

Q 

IS. 

O 

e.2 

II 

O 
a>g 

13 

3£ 
a;cc 

|S 

a  >-< 

O 

*0 
a:oa 

a  <i 

O 

1 

.01 

.81 

.9 

2.7 

.05 
.16 

1.5 

2.1 

trace 

2.3 

.09 
.12 

.6 
2.1 

.03 
.12 

5.8 
75.0 

.33 
4.37 

1.1 

5.8 

.06 
;33 

KNO,        

13.9 

KC1 

K2S04 

.13 

K2  C03.. 

306.6 

17.88 

11.2 

6.4 
47.2 

.65 
.37 

2.75 

41.2 
9.4 
13.5 

2.39 
.55 

.78 

1729.2 
997.6 

100.87 
58.19 

3.3 

26.8 
48.9 

.16 
1.56 
2.85 

NaCl. 

Na„S04.  .. 

83.4 

4.86 

Na,  C03 

11.0 

.64 

NH4C1. 

5.3 

.31 

43.6 

2.54 

.8 

.05 

11.7 

.68 

(NH4),CO,  .... 

MgCL". 

MgS04 

128.0 

7.47 

.17 

1.98 

3.0 

295.1 

17.20 

34.0 

15U.1 

8.75 

175.3 

10.22 

88.2 

5.12 

150  1 

8.75 

MgCQ3 

CaCL 

182.8 
213.1 

10.65 
12.43 

CaSd4 

110.5 

6.45 

265.9 

15.51 

338  8 

19.76 

151.8 

8.80 



242.5 

14.14 

CaCO, 

Fe„03  +  ALO3 

11.2 

.65 
.14 

4.8 
.    1.5 

.28 
.09 

21.6 
9.7 

1.25 

.56 

21.1 

4.8 

1.22 
.28 

2.3 

.4 

.13 
.02 

7.7 
1.3 

.45 

.07 

FeCOs 

2.4 

ALO3 

A12(SC>4)3 

SiO. 

5.8 

.34 

21.4 

1.24 

36.3 

2.12 

27.3 

1.58 

13.8 

.80 

19.8 

1.15 

30.23 

626.5 

36.54 

517.4 

30.16 

714.6 

41.62 

360.8 

20.92 

3515.1 

205.00 

519.0 

A.  R.  J. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  L.  M. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

80 


MINEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL  NO.   10 


Analysis 

of  Illinois 

Atlanta 

Logan 

3719 

Atwood 

Piatt   

Atwood 

Piatt . 

Aurora 

County 

Laboratory  number 

3164  .. 

10603 

6584 

Date 

June  22,1898... 
E,  R.  Mason  .. 
147  ft 

Jan.  12,1898.... 
Hanks&  Helton 
75  ft 

Sept.  8,1902.... 

E.  Moore 

108  ft 

Dec  25    1899 

I.  Prichard 

90  ft 

Depth 

Strata 

Gravel 

Clay 

Sand 

Rock 

Capacity 

2884  gal.  day... 

Flowing 

Very  slight 

01 

Remarks 

City  supply  . .. 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

.2 
.000 

Distinct 

.4 
.000 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Color 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

272. 

874.4 

609.2 

539  2 

Disolved 

Loss  on  ignition 

34. 

64.8 

73.2 

26  4 

Suspended  

7.5 
3.52 
.152 

13. 
.044 
.4 

12.1 

5.2 
.246 

7 

Oxygen  consumed 

2  3 

I  Alb.  ammonia. .. 

.264 
.032 

.000 
.15 

3.6 
32.1 

4.5 
45.7 
93.9 

3.1 

1.3 

8.4 

.5 

4.8 

75."6*" 

.000 

.04 

4.1 

51.7 

6.7 

50.8 

109.5 

4.6 

1.0 

8.5 

000  • 

L  N  itrates 

06 

7  1 

Sodium  Na 

220  5 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

3 

Magnesium  Mg  

71.0 
117.9 

1  6 

Calcium  Ca 

3  3 

Ferrous  Fe 

Aluminium  Al 

3 

Silica  Si 

10.2 

1.5 

21.0 

85. 

227.4 

3  9 

Nitrite  NO, 

Nitrate  NO"3  

.7 
5.2 

23.8 

2"8*" 

1.9 

.2 

Chloride  CI 

7.0 

Sulphate  S04 

2 

Hypothetical 


•fi 

Q 

II 

JQ'O 
63  CD 

h3 

O 

JQtJ 

►3 

3* 

18 

O 

crQr) 

Potassium  Nitrite 

3.0 
34.2 
62.6 

.18 
2.00 
3.61 

Potassium  Nitrate 

1.1 

6.0 

.06 
.35 

.4 
13.4 

.02 

Potassium  Chloride 

5.9 
2.4 

.34 

.14 

.78 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Nitrite 

Sodium  Nitrate 

Sodium  Chloride 

4.1 
35.3 
44.7 

.23 

2.06 
2.60 

90.9 
13.3 

5.30 

.77 

1.0 

.3 

507.0 

.06 

Sodium  Sulphate 

2.7 
117.1 

.16 
6.83 

02 

29.56 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

11.9 

.70 

17.8 

1.04 

.8 

.05 

272.9 
55.8 

15.90 
3.26 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

159.2 

9.29 

176.8 

10.32 

5.5 

.32 

Calcium  Sulphate 

Calcium  Carbonate 

234.6 

13.68 

294.5 
17.0 

17.15 

.99 

273.6 

15.96 

8.2 

.48 

6.4 
2.4 

17.8 

.37 

.14 

1.04 

1.0 

2.0 

18.0 

.06 
.12 

1.05 

trace 
.5 
8.3 

.03 

Silica 

2L3 

1.24 

.48 

Suspended  matter 

50.3 

.    2.94 

Total 

523.5 

30.52 

865.6 

50.44 

667.6 

38.96 

545.4 

31.80 

Analyst. 


R.  W.  S.      |      R.  W.  S.      |      A.  D.  E.      |       R.  W.  S. 


BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


81 


Aurora 
Kane  .. 


June  12.1899. 
I.  &C.S.  Co 

1,457  ft 

Sandstone. .. 


Very  slight.. 
.03 
.000 


Aurora 

Kane 

9461 

Oct.  9.1901... 
W.  R.Rees.. 
2. 000  ft. Fox  r, 
Rock 


Flowing 

Slight 

.03 

.000 


Aurora 

Kane 

10724  

Oct.  28,1902 
W.  R.Rees 

2,240  ft 

Rock 


Flo.  c.  sup 
Distinct.. .. 


.000 


Aurora  

Kane 

12826  

Jan.  10,1905 
F.J.Co'ghlin 

1,700  ft 

Rock 


Little 


.3 
.000 


Averyville. 

Peoria 

4885 

Apr.  3,1899. 
Ed.  Crane  . 
Illinois  riv. 


Decided  . . 

Muddy  ... 

.000 


Averyville. 

Peoria 

2254 

May  24,1897 
D.H.Maury 

60  ft 

Gravel 


City  sup . . 

None 

.03 
.000 


Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 


per 


lligrams 
1000  c.c. 


Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 


per 


illigrams  Milligrams 
"■  1000  c.c.  per  1000  c.c. 


596.8 


472.4 


23.6 


50.4 


28.4 


12.5 


.72 
.012 


143. 
4. 


.014 


122.5 
2.2 
.016 
.028 


.000 

.16 
16.0 
51.2 

.9 
22.0 
55.2 

.3 

.3 
4.9 


.001 

.08 
14.5 
86.6 

.4 
11.1 
68.3 

.4 

15.9 

3.4 


.000 
.14 

14.6 

73.6 


15.4 

66.2 


2.9 


.7 
12.5 
49.5 


.3 

143.0 

32.5 


122.5 
31.0 


ir.5 

6.25 


.024 


.007 
.12 

14.4 

52.2 


248. 
206.8 
41.2 
52. 
42. 
10. 
8. 
13.5 
.56 
.48 
.304 
.176 
.02 
1.75 


12.7 

.7 


37.2, 

27. 
1.1 
.000 
.032 

.000  ' 
2.3 
4.1 
29.3 

21.5 

54.0 

.8 

.7 


12.1 
109.3 


11.5 

57.7 


7.7 
8.0 


10.2 

27. 

71.7 


Combinations. 


2  n 

O 

dp 

p  a> 

dp 

CTQtJ 
p  CD 

11 

Q 

dp 

trq-d 

S3  <T> 

►d 

§1 

: 

Q 

d» 

0Q"O 
P  0> 

►d 
32 

II 

0 

dp 

P  <T> 

Q 
dp 

nqfl 

p  CO 

KNO, 

1.1 

.06 

1.53 

.24 

.6 
27.4 

.04 
1.60 

.9 
27.3 

.05 

1.60 

.9 

25.2 

2.0 

.05 

1.47 

.12 

10.6 

.61 

KN03 

26  2 

KC1 

4  2 

K.S04 

NaNOo 

10.5 
13.2 
14.6 

M 

.76 
.84 

5.0 
44.6 
41.3 

.29 
2.60 
2.40 

NaN03 

214.5 
7.1 

12.51 
.41 

181.7 
4.1 

10.60 
•  24 

NaCl 

69.9 

4.07 
3.84 

83.8 
57.6 

4.89 
3.36 

Na„S04 

65.8 

NaX03 

2.6 

.15 

(NH4)2S04.     . 

2  4 

.14 

(NH4)2C03..... 
MgS04 

34.8 
13.9 

2.03 
.81 

35.4 
35.1 

2  06 
2.05 

34.9 
34.8 

2.03 
2.03 

55.1 
3.5 

3.21 

.20 

76.6 

4.46 

74.8 

4.36 

MgC03 

CaSO+ 

137.8 

8.03 

170.7 

9.96 

165. 

9.62 

134.8 

7.86 

96. 

17.8 

5.59 
.45 

272.9 
0.8 

15.91 
.05 

CaC03 

Fe.03+Alo03.. 

.6 

.03 
.03 
.61 

.8 

30.0 

7.3 

.05 

1.75 

.43 

1.6 

.8 

6.2 

.09 
.05 

.36 

1.8 
1.4 
6.4 

.11 
.08 
.37 

FeC03 

6 

ALOa.. ■■••• 

SiO, 

10.5 

14.4 

.84 

44.9 

2.61 

395.7 

23.04 

507.1 

29.59 

458.1 

26.72 

388.7 

22.67 

259.3 

15.07 

448.1 

26.11 

K.  W.  S. 


A.  D.  K. 


P.  B.        I     J.M.L.       I    R.W.S.     IC.R.  K.   I 


6    G 


82 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Batavia 

Kane 

6843 

Batavia 

Kane 

8936 

Jan.  2,1901. 
J.  D.  Kell'r 
1250  feet  . . . 
Rock 

Bell  Air.... 
Crawford  . . 

12635  

Nov.  8,1904 
C.  Vaughn 

88  feet 

Sand 

Belleville  . 
St.  Clair  ... 

10805  

Dec.  17, 1902 
W.  Rens'w 
Surf,  water 

Belleville 

County 

St.  Clair 

10983 

Date 

Feb.  5,1900... 
S.  E.  Keyes  . 

219  feet 

Limestone  .. 

Apr.  4,1903 
F.  Voel'gr. 
Spring 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata 

Capacity  

lbbLmin'te 

Flowing. .. 

Slight 

.01 
.000 

Turbidity 

Slight 

.01 
.000 

Distinct  . . . 
.6 
.000 

Decided . .. 
Muddy  .... 
Mouldy  . .. 

Color 

Odor 

Vegetable. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.dOOc.c. 

Total  residue 

453.6 
44.4 
3.5 
.9 
.56 
.022 
.000 

4.6 
11.6 

.7 
38.9 
74.6 

.3 

.3 

5. 

326.8 

8. 

5. 

2.3 
.656 
.042 
.000 

8.7 

27.8 

.84 

26.1 

59.7 

1.2 

632.4 

371.6 
58.4 
8.8 
24.9 
.072 
.72 
.000 
.2 

704/ 

Loss  on  ignition 

56,4 

Chlorine 

130.5 
7.5 
7.400 
.160 
.000 
.08 
2.4 
164.2 
9.5 
22.8 
44.9 
1.2 
1.9 
4.2 

'"i30.5"*' 
1.4 

3.2 

25  6 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  asj  ^.ammonia  .. 

2.8 
.464 
004 

.075 

Potassium  K  

4  0 

Sodium  Na 

228.7 

28.4 

Ammonium  (NH4)  

3.6 

Magnesium  Mg 

Calcium  Ca 

16.7 
32.4 

39.7 
110  8 

Ferrous  Fe 

9 

Aluminium  Al 

3.6 

2.6 

.7 
5. 
28.2 

5. 

.9 

8.8 

41.0 

10  2 

Nitrate  N03    

3 

Chloride  CI 

3.5 
34.8 

3  2 

Sulphate  S04 

7.4 

Hypothetical 


►■0 

O 

►d 

Is 

O 
j»g 

OS'S 

£.3 

IS 

C 

el 

3.S- 

s 

dp 

el 

as 

O 
jog 

p  re 

Potassium  N  itrate 

l.l 

10.5 

6.3 

.06 
.61 
.36 

.6 

6.7 

.6 

.04 

7.3 

1.7 

.42 
.10 

4.6 

.27 

.39 

Potassium  Sulphate 

.04 

1.3 
14.5 
51.8 

.08 

.85 

3.03 

Sodium  Chloride 

211.7 
2.1 

185.0 

12.35 

.12 

10.79 

35.9 

2.09 

36.5 
27.4 

2.12 
1.59 

10.7 
57  > 

.62 

3.36 

2.6 

.15 

2.2 

.13 

25.3 

1.48 

9.6 

.56 

9.7 
128.7 

.56 
7.50 

7.5 
53.1 

.44 
3.10 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

90.9 

5.27 

79.2 

4.62 

138.2 

8.06 

Calcium  Sulphate 

186.2 

10.86 

149.1 

8.64 

112.1 

6.54 

96.1 
2.2 

5.61 
.13 

276.8 

16.15 

.6 

.5 

10.6 

.03 
.03 
.61 

2.4 

.14 

2.6 
3.6 

8.9 

.15 
.21 
.52 

1.9 

6.8 

21.8 

198.8 

.11 

.40 

Silica 

5.5 

.32 

10. 6 
99.4 

.62 
5.80 

1.28 

11,62 

Total 

383.8 

22.35 

331.9 

19.24 

635.1 

37.05 

336.5 

19.66 

730.0 

42.63 

Analyst 

R.  W 

.S. 

A.I 

I.  J. 

J.  M 

.  L. 

P. 

B. 

P.  B. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


83 


Waters — Continued. 


Belleville 
St.  Clair  . . 

10250  

Feb.       8,1902 
H.  Kircher 
425  feet  .... 
Rock 


Slight. 


.2 
.000 


Belvidere  . .. 

Boone  

5977 

Sept.  29,1899. 
A.  J.  Markl'y 

1920  feet 

Rock,  Pots'm 


Flo.  city  sup, 

Slight 

.02 

.000 


Bement  . .. 

Piatt 

10430  

May  30, 1902 
B.  Dy'rm'n 
206  feet  .... 
Rock  


Decided  . 

Yellow  .. 

.000 


Berwyn  . .. 

Cook  

12159  

Jun.  27,1904 
J.A.O'bri'n 
1570  feet  ... 


City  sup. 
Clear  .... 

None 

.000 


Blackstone  . 
Livingston  . 

10191  

Jan.  18,1902 
G.E.Powell 

128  feet 

Sandstone. . 


Clear  . 
Green 
H2S... 


Bl'mgton.. 
McLean  ... 

10772  

Nov. 29,1902 
A.  D.  Loar. 
Spring 


H2S. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 


Milligrams 
pei  1,000  c.c 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 


384. 
45.6 
9. 
2. 


.032 
.000 


4.2 


9.0 
5.5 


60. 
7. 
1.1 
.3 

.028 
.009 
.4 
2.7 
8.0 
.4 
33.8 
77.4 
.15 
.16 
4.8 
1.6 
7. 
11.6 


4510.8 
330. 
2450. 
25.1 
4.6 
.206 
.000 
.2 
23.2 
1393.8 
5.9 
67.4 
129.7 


5.5 


2450. 
17 


730. 


84. 
1.7 
.182 
.056 
.060 
.14 

23.7 

79.9 


39.4 
102.1 


14.4 
2.4 

83.5 
239.7 


1845. 
145.2 

7. 
40.1 
1.28 
.12 
.000 
.84 
8.6 
159.3 


113.7 

205.3 

2.6 

29.9 

73. 

3.7 

7.0 

420.4 


601.6 

129.6 

6. 

39.2 
1.28 
.064 
.000 
.48 
4.0 
40.1 
2.7 
79.2 
65.3 
.4 


2.2 

6. 

37.3 


Combinations. 


*d 

35 

Is 

O 
SL3 

Is 

O 

j»g 

35 
t-Ico 

II 

Q 

&8 

"d 

35 

11 

O 

dp 

13 
3| 

fi 

2.6 
3.3 

.15 

.19 

1.5 
43.3 

.09 
2.53 

1.0 
44.2 

.06 
2.57 

6. 
12. 

.35 
.70 

3.6 
4.9 

.21 
.29 

KNO3* 

KC1 

KoS04 

.5 

.03 

.87 

.48 

16.71 

NaN03 

15.0 
8.2 

8.9 
13.9 

.52 
.81 

3543. 

206.68 

103.6 
121.1 

6.01 

7.6 

2.1 

488.9 

.12 

28.52 

6.1 
55.2 

46.5 

.36 
3.22 
2.71 

NaCl 

NaoSO.  

286.6 

NaXO,  

17.5 

1.02 

NH4C1 

1.4 

.08 

(NH4),S04 

7.2 

.42 

(NH4(2C03  .... 

MgCl2 

MgSC-4 

MgCO-3 

CaCL 

265.1 

15.47 

1.5 
116.5 

.09 
6.80 

182.4 
9.7 

10.63 
.56 

112.5 
316.9 

6.57 

18.48 

12.2 

.71 

275.5 

16.07 

141.9     8.28 

2.4 

194.7 

2.4 

.14 

11.35 

.14 

CaS04 

8.9 
.6 

.52 
.03 

193.4 

11.28 

256.8 
2.5 

14.98 
.14 

512.9 

29.92 

163.2 

9.52 

CaCOs 

Fe203+AL03  . 
FeCOs     . 

.3 

.3 

10.3 

.02 
.02 
.59 

5.5 
56.4 
15.6 

.32 

3.29 
.92 

.8 

1.2 

13.4 

.05 
.07 

.78 

AL03.     . 

9.6 

.52 

11.8 
48.0 

.69 
2.80 

14.4 

.84 

SiOo  

811. 

19.87 

352.4 

20.55 

4271.6 

249.19 

735.1 

42.85 

1528.8 

89.19 

577.6 

33.70 

A.  D 

E. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

A.D.  E. 

A.  D.  E. 

P.  B. 

P. 

B. 

84 


MINEKAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Bloomington .. 

McLean 

2461 

Bluffs .. 

Bradford  

Stark 

Brereton  

Fulton 

County 

Scott 

13570  

Sept.  19,  1905  .. 
Ven.  Cons.  Co. 

69  feet 

Drift  . 

Laboratory  number 

5517 

13710 

Date 

July  19,  1897... 

N.  Read 

43  feet     

July  26,  1899... 
C.  E.  Prouty  .. 

2050  feet 

Sandstone 

Oct.  30,  1905  ... 
Mon   Coal  Co. 

948  feet 

Rock  

Owner 

Depth 

Strata  

Drift . 

Capacity  

Remarks 

Turbidity 

Slight  

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Distinct 

.05 
.000 

Clear 

Color 

.2 
.000 

000 

Odor 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

2,802. 
268. 
310. 
5.3 
.008 
.154 
.06 

3.0 

355. 

1,404. 
39.6 
495. 
3.8 
1.6 
.034 
000 

12.3 

2. 

67.4 

74.5 

2.0 

2.0 

7.7 

.17 

495.0 

233.5 

2,794. 

Chlorine  

2.40 

2.0 
.016 
.038 
.000 

1.6 

1, 100  0 

9.6 
.960 
.040 
.013 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as. ^Ib^ammonm.. 

Potassium 

17  9 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

Magnesium  Mg  

168.1 
421.9 

2.1 
.4 

7.8 
849.6 
310. 
478.8 

35!2 

82.4 

2.9 

1.2 

8.8 

.3 

2.4 

16.8 

14  8 

Calcium  Ca 

30  9 

5 

Aluminium  Al 

3 

2  0 

Nitrate  N03 

7 

Chloride  CI 

1,100 

Sulphate  SO^  .           

339  4 

Hypothetical 


§1 

Q 

•"0 

3£ 

£^GO 

O 

/•CD 

3£ 

Is 

O 

JO  (T> 

B'S 

£Icc 

11 

Q 

■  fa  fD 

Potassium  N  itrate 

7.7 

.45 

.6 

2.7 

.04 
.16 

.3 

23.2 

.02 
1.35 

l.i 

33.4 

.06 

Potassium  Chloride 

1.95 

Sodium  Nitrate 

544.3 

31.75 

Sodium  Chloride 

1.8 
21.5 

.11 

1.26 

797.6 
248.2 

46.52 
14.48 

1,788.8 
502.1 
340.6 

104  35 

Sodium  Sulphate 

29.29 

Sodium  Carbonate 

19.87 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

7  3 

.42 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

Magnesium  Nitrate  

535  6 
318.0 

31.24 
18.55 

2.9 
120.5 

.17 

7.03 

76.0 
181.6 

4.43 
10.59 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

51.7 

3.02 

Calcium  Chloride 

597.8 

678.3 

16.8 

5.4 

.7 

16.5 

34.87 
39.56 
.98 
.31 
.04 
.96 

Calcium  Sulphate  

206.1 
6.0 
2.3 

18.7 

12.03 
.35 
.13 

1  09 

186.1 
4.2 
3.8 
16.3 

10.85 
.24 
.22 
.95 

"  77.2 

1.1 

.6 

4.4 

4.50 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

.06 

Alumina 

.04 

Silica 

.26 

Total 

2,721.1 

158.71 

383.1 

22.37 

1,544.6 

90.07 

2, 801 . 

163.4 

Anal3'st 

R.  W.  S. 

J.  M.L. 

R.  W.  S. 

J.  M.L. 

BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 

Wat  ers — €  ontinued . 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


85 


Bristol  Sta... 
Kendall  .... 
5518 

Bristol  Sta... 
Kendall  ..... 
5519 

Bristol  Sta. 
Kendall  ... 

5520 

July  29, 1899 
I.  Prichard. 

18  feet 

Rock  

1  gal.  a  min 
Flowing. .. 

Brushy  

Saline  .= 

13400  

Bureau 

Bureau 

9099 

May  2,  1901 
John  Crain 

300  feet 

Rock 

Bushnell  .. 
McDon'gh 

2625 

Sept.  1,  1897 
E.N.Arm'g 

45  feet 

Sand 

July  29,  1899. 
I.  Prichard. .. 

117  feet 

Rock  

July  29,  1899. 
I.Pritchard.. 

16  feet 

White  sand.. 

July  31,  1905. 
l.Hutchins'n 

211feet 

Rock 

Flowing. .. 
Clear 

.000 

.000 

slight.'.'.;;; 

.10 
.000 

Decided 

.3 
.000 

Decided 

.5 
.000 

Decided  . .. 
1. 
.000 

Clear 

.000 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

335.6 
55.6 

374.4 
52.6 
5.6 
3.7 
.224 
.04 
.000 
.04 

5.6 

.3 

35.2 

80.3 

3.2 

1.0 

8.8 

.2 

5.4 

39.7 

319.2 
41.6 
4.6 
3.80 
.2 
.04 
.000 
.04 
1.8 
4.0 
.25 
29.6 
71.8 
4.9 
1.0 
7.9 
.2 
4.6 
35.2 

1,456.8 

2,093.2 
14. 
790. 
8.2 
.784 
,008 
.002 
.078 
2.9 
757.9 
1.0 
6.9 
7.9 
1.5 
1.3 
.9 
.3 
790. 
170.4 

636.8 
32.8 
13.0 
1.6 
.336 
.056 
.020 
1.20 
1.2 
22.7 

3.8 

3.8 
.192 
.05 
.000 
.08 

7.8 
.2 

267.5 
2.55 
1.600 
.056 
.000 
.120 
8.8 
344.1 
2.1 
52.1 
104.5 
1.3 
3.6 
10.1 

15.5 

74.9 

2.2 

.6 

7.52 

.3 

49.7 

125.4 

1.0 

3.6 

11.8 

5.3 

13. 

166.9 

3.6 
17.5 

267.5 
381.0 

Combinations. 


OiST 

11 

Q 
CJ3 

cog 

JQtJ 

03  ft> 

wo 

fa  to 

►d 

15 

Is 

ffl 

dj3 

crpo 
to  a> 

as 

II 

PH. 

tog 

(TQO 
ta  to 

*d 

3£ 
£0 

0  to 
On! 

O 

dp 

cog 

SB   to 

►d 
0 1 

C 

cog 

CfQO 
fa  to 

.6 

.03 
.20 

.3 
5.0 

.02 
.30 

.3 
3.4 

.02 
.20 

.5 
5.1 

.03 

.29 

3.2 

.19 

KNO, 

3.5 

16.8 

.98 

KC1 

4.6 
21.4 

40.3 

.26 
1.46 
2.35 

Na  NO, 

3.3 

.19 
1.17 

5.1 
11.2 

.30 
.65 

4.9 
6.6 

.28 
.38 

428.2 
542.0 

24.98 
31.61 

1301.1 
252.0 
207.7 

75.46 
14.60 
12.04 

Na  ci. ..;.".'...;; 

20.1 

Na„S04 

Naa  C03 

.7 

.04 

1.1 

T06 

.9 

.05 

7.7 

.45 

(nh4),  soi;;;; 
(NHJ0CO3.... 

Mg  N03 

Mg  CI, 

2.6 

.15 

4.3 

.25 
2.97 

39.3 
95.1 

2.29 
5.54 

37.5 
76.6 

2.19 
4.46 

10.1 

174.1 

.59 
10.16 

174.5 

48.6 

10.18 
2.83 

MgSOi. 

51.0 

24.1 

1.40 

MgCOs 

Ca  CL 

Ca  SO"4 

187.1 

10.91 
.26 
.07 
.93 

200.9 
6.6 
1.9 

18.8 

11.71 

.38 

.11 

1.10 

179.3 

10.1 

1.9 

16.8 

10.45 
.58 
.11 

.97 

261.1 

'  2.7 

6.9 

21.6 

15.23 

.16 

.40 

1.26 

19.6 
3,2 
2.5 
4.0 

1.12 
.18 
.14 
.23 

313.2 
2.4 

6.9 
25.0 

18.26 

.13 

.40 

1.46 

Ca  C03 

4.5 

1.2 

16.0 

Fe  C03 

A1203 

SiQ2 

292.3 

17.02 

385.3 

22.46 

338.3 

19.69 

1,471.2 

85.82 

1822.4 

105.64 

640.07 

37.52 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W 

.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

J.  M 

L. 

A.I 

I.  J. 

R.\ 

V.  S. 

86 


MINEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analysis  of  Illinois 

Town        

Bushnell 

McDonough  .. 
3570 

Byron 

Byron 

Ogle 

Ogle 

9074  .... 

9235 

4879 

Date    . 

May  12,1898.... 
J.  H.  Johnson.. 

1351  feet 

Sandstone 

Anr.  13,  1901.... 
W.I.  Caldwell. 

2000feet 

Rock 

J ulv  29,1901.... 
W.L.Campb'11 

2000feet 

Rock 

Mar. 29, 1899  ... 

Owner 

Depth 

W.Halliday... 

Strata 

City  supply.... 

Distinct 

.04 
.000 

City  supply  .  .. 

Very  slight 

,02 
.000 

City  supply  . .. 

Very  slight — 
.01 
.000 

City  supply  . .. 

Turbidity 

Decided 

Color 

F.10 

Odor i 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per.  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

2,042. 

276.8 

277.2  . 

542. 

94. 

Suspended  

448. 

48. 

51.2 

28.8 

36. 

Dissolved 

16. 

20. 

392. 
5.6 
1.36 
022 
.000 
.25 
26.1 
475.6 
1  55 
49.6 

4.2 
1.9 

.048 

.034 

.000 

.08 
4.9          » 
6.3 

.06 
36.2 

6. 
1.2 

.032 
.024 
.000 
.12 

5.6 

5.6 

3.2 

Oxygen  consumed 

15.2 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.-!  Alb.^monia.. 

.026 

.4 

.018 

.8 

7.9 

33.4 
57.1 

8.0 

112.0                        54.4 

19.0 

3.8 

9.4 

44.7 

1.1 

392.00 

680.8 

.3 
.16 

4.2 
.3 

4.1 
13.4 

Silica  Si                            

2.3 

.6 

6.0 

13.3 

Nitrate  N03 

3.4 

Chloride  CI 

3.2 

Sulphate  S04 

15.7 

Hypothetical 


0 

►fl 

Q 

►ti 

O 

^ 

RS 

C3 

3  2. 

as 

u% 

sf-'O 

CflS 

X"0 

«g 

:' 

OS'S 

£,3 

HS 

£.3 

^"2 


Lithium  Chloride 

Potassium  N  itrate 

Potassium  Chloride 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Nitrate 

Sodium  Chloride 

Sodium  Sulphate 

Ammonium  Chloride 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

Magnesium  Chloride 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

Calcium  Chloride 

Calcium  Sulphate 

Calcium  Carbonate 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

Alumina 

Silica 

Clay  and  Silicious  Matter 


1.8 

48.5 


608.0 
729.2 


6.0 


228.0 
16.4 


279.8 


8.0 
17.8 
13.2 


Total 1,956. 


.10 
2.83 


35.46 
42.53 


.35 


13.29 
.95 


16.32 


.46 
1.04 

.77 


114.1 


19. 


125.8 


135.9 


.3 

9.0 


1.13 


.01 


9       17.44 


10.0 


2.1 

14.9 


4.0 
112.8 


142.9 


5.0 


.23 

6.57 


.29 


296.4       17.26 


4.5 

5.3 

14.6 


.26 
.30 

.85 


7.3 
21 


.42 
1.23 


47.4 
23.6 


2.75 
1.38 


7.3 

103.5 


4.20 
6.03 


234.9       17.42 


Analyst. 


R.  W.S. 


A.  L.  M. 


A.  D.  E. 


R.  W.  S. 


BARTOW,  ETAL.] 

Waters — Continued . 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


87 


Cairo 

Alexander  . 

3168 

Jan.  17,1898. 
E.  Halliday. 

824  feet 

Rock 


JH  lowing  . 

Distinct  . . 
.15 
.000 


Cairo . 

Alexander  .. 

3597  

May  19,1898.. 
W.  Halliday 
806  feet 


Flowing. . 

Slight  .... 
.02 
.000 


Cairo 

Alexander. 

3693 

Junel5,1898 
J.S.R'ard'n 
1040  feet.... 

Rock 

70  gal.  pr  m 
Flowing. .. 

None 

..do 

..do 


Cairo 

Alexander 


June  15,1898. 
J.  S.  Reardon 

840feet 

Sandstone.... 
350  gal.  per  m 

Flowing 

None 

..do 

..do  


Cairo 

Alexander. 

3695 

June  15, '98. 
J.S.  R'rd'n 

824  feet 

Sandstone  . 
70  gal.  min. 
Flowing ... 
None 

.do  

.do 


Cairo 

Alexander. 

4880 

Mar.  29,1899 
W.P.H'd'y 

811  feet 

Flint  bould 

Fowing. . .. 
Distinct 

.03 

.000 


Milligrams       Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c.  per  1.000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c, 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 


347.2 


14.& 


111. 

2. 
.41 
.01 
.000 
.5 
8.4 
68.4 
.5 
12.8 
45.4 
.28 
.45 
4. 
2.2 
111. 
17.3 


453.6 


52.8 


161. 
1.5 
.36 
.02 
.000 
.3 
8.6 
83.3 
.46 
13.8 
52.9 
.35 
.2 
4.7 
1.3 
161. 
16.1 


350.  { 


444. 


26.4 


37.6 


118. 
1.4 
.36 
.006 
.000 
.05 
8.7 
58.9 
.5 
13. 
46.1 
.7 
.3 
4.1 
.2 
118.0 
17.6 


158. 
1.3 
.28 
.008 
.000 
.05 
11,1 
81.3 
.4 
14. 
52.9 
.42 
.16 
4.9 
.2 
158. 
17.4 


358.4 


19.2 


134. 
1.4 

.32 
.008 
.000 

.05 
7.2 
56.1 

.4 
12.9 
45.1 

.49 

.3 
3  05 

.2 
134. 
17.4 


350. 


26. 


117. 
1. 


.01 

.000 

.1 


71.4 

.3 

12.7 

44.4 


.4 
117.0 

18.2 


Combinations. 


O 

pi" 

el 

3£ 

0 
03  3" 

3£ 

D  >-t 

O 

pi 

£.3 

►d 
3* 

§1 

Q 

Cp 

j»g 

£.3 

3* 
a  >-« 

C 

pi 

la  (D 

3£ 

0  "i 

C 
Gp 

pi" 

el 

. 

.     .5 
2.2 
14.7 

.03 
.13 

.86' 

Li  CI 

3  6 

.21 

.78 

.4 
16.3 

.02 
.94 

.4 
20.7 

.02 
1.20 

.4 
13.4 

.02 

.77 

KN03 

13.3 

KC1 

K.S04 

.6 
181.1 

.03 
10.56 

NaNOs  

172.5 
1.9 

10.05 
.11 

211.7 

12.34 

149.6 

8.72 

206.6 

12.04 

142.5 

8.30 

NaCl 

Na,  S04 

1.4 

.08 

1.5 

.08 

1.2 

.07 

1.2 

.07 

.9 

.05 

NH4  CI 

1.9 

.11 

(NHJ,  S04.... 

(NHJo  CU3.... 

54.4 

3.17 

24.7 

22.0 

8.2 

1.44 

1.28 
.47 

29.4 
21.7 

7.5 

1.71 

1.26 

.43 

50.8 

1.95 

8.8 
22.8 
20.5 

.51 
1.33 
1.18 

Mg  CL  ........ . 

18.2 

1.06 

1.85 

Mg  S04 

31.8 

MgCOa 

13.5 
22.8 
103.3 

.78 
1.32 
6.02 

19.8 
24.6 
76.9 

1.14 
1.43 

4.48 

CaCL 

CaS04 

113.4 

6.61 

115.2 

6.71 

132.1 

7.70 

110.8 
1.9 

6.45 
.11 

Ca  C03 

Fe.03  +  Al203 

.6 

.03 
.05 

.50 

.7 

.4 

10.0 

.04 
.02 

.58 

1.5 
.6 

8.8 

.08 
.03 
.51 

.8 

.3 

10.4 

.04 
.02 
.60 

1.0 

.6 
6.5 

.05 
.03 

.37 

FeC03 

.8 

Al2  Oa 

8.4 

6.4 

.37 

Si  Q2 

366.4 

21.36 

435.6 

25.38 

348.8 

20.28 

431.1 

25.09 

337.7 

19.61 

353.8 

20.59 

R.  W.  S. 

[R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

88 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Cairo 

Cambridge 

Camden  ....... 

Schuyler  

10539    

Camp  Point.  .. 

Alexander 

8817 

Laboratory  number 

2102  . 

6638 

Date 

Nov.  26,1900... 
E.W.  Halliday 
811  . . 

April  9,1897.... 
E.D.Richarson 

1345  feet 

St.  Peters 

Aug.  6,1902  .... 
B.  Taggert  .... 
28  feet 

Jan.  8  1900 

Owner 

H.  Benry 

1006  feet 

Depth 

Strata 

Flint  pebbles.. 
Flowing 

St  Peters 

Remarks 

City  supply  .  . 

Distinct 

.2 
.000 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Color 

30 

Odor 

Oily 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

372. 

9.2 
135. 
2.2 
.032 
.042 
.000 
.08 

1036. 
25.6 
161. 
1.9 
1.4 
.016 
.015 
.176 

3684.8 
268.4 
6. 
8.1 
.92 
.104 
.005 
1.115 

6000  8 

Loss  on  ignition 

102 

2650 

8  1 

Nitrogen  as  J  Alb^ammonia.. 

.      2.2 
.016 
001 

1  Nitrates 

12 

0.8 

9.8 
.04 
,      51.5 
Trace 

13.5 

292.5 

18  3 

69.3 
1.2 

75.6 

734.8 

5.1 

2.9 

11.8 

4.9 

5.9 

2476.3 

1793  5 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

2.8 

19.7 

42.0 

.50 

1.6 

4.5 

.8 

161. 

353.8 

105.8 

Calcium  Ca 

230.9 

1.4 

Aluminium  Al 

1.5 

Silica  Si 

4.8 
.3 
135. 
17.1 

1.5 

Nitrate  NOs  

.6 

Chloride  CI 

2650. 

Sulphate  S04 

1046.7 

Hypothetical 


*0 

g(» 
5'TJ 

crq-o 

3  8 

11 

O 

OqtJ 

T3 
a  p 

5.3 

pi 

crq'o 

63    (I 

11 

crq'o 

Lithium  Chlcride  

4.8 

.28 

.6 
18.2 

.03 
1.05 

1.3 
24.9 

.07 
1.45 

34.9 

2.03 

6.8 

9.7 

196.5 

.40 

.56 

11.46 

169.4 

9.82 

265.7 
524.0 
49.0 

15.50 

30.56 

2.86 

4333.2 
273.1 

253.40 

15.96 

Ammonium  Chloride 

.1 

.01 

4.4 

.26 

10.2 

.59 

31.6 
21.4 
13. 

1.83 
1.24 

.75 

375.6 

21.91 

526.2 

30.69 

68.6 

4.00 

Calcium  Sulphate 

2348.0 

136.97 

586.8 
108.4 

34.22 

128.6 

7.46 

104.9 

6.11 

6  32 

Oxide  of  iron  and  aluminium.. 

13.9 

.81 

1.8 

.10 

1. 

3.2 

.06 
.18 

2.9 

2.8 

.17 

.16 

18.7 

25.2 

290.9 

33.4 

1.09 
1.47 
16.97 
1.94 

Silica 

10.3 

.59 

9.6 

.56 

3.2 

.19 

Total          

395.0 

22.88 

1052.1 

61.35 

3323.1 

193.84 

5886.5 

344.0 

A.  B 

.  J. 

C.  R 

.  R. 

P. 

B. 

R.  \\ 

l.S. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 

Wat  ers — C  ontinue  d . 


WATEK   ANALYSES. 


89 


Canton 

Fulton 

5607 

Aug.  10,  1899. 
.W.ShTnb'gr 

Spring 

Sand 

slight^;';;" 

.  .01 

.000 


Canton  ..... 

Fulton 

3912 

Aug.. 3, 1898. 

Same 

2, 500  feet  ..., 
St.  Peters... 
City  supply- 
Slight 

.04 
.000 


Carbondale 
Jackson  . . . 

1985 

Mar.  10, 1897 
H.  Lauder. 


Rock  .... 

Flowing. 

None  — 
.01 
.000 


Carbondale  . 

Jackson  

7430 

April  26,1900. 
Lighting  Co 

260feet 

Rock 


Decided .. 

Muddy  ... 
.000 


Carbondale 
Jackson  . .. 

9068 

Apr.  17,1901 
EL  Munger 

380  feet 

Sandstone.. 
City  sup'ly 

Slight 

.01 
.000 


Carlock  .... 
McLean  ... 

6147 

Oct.  23,1899 
A.D.Loar  . 
Spring 


Distinct .. 

.10 
H2S 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 


Milligrams 
per  LOOOc.c. 


Milligrams 
perl.OCC  c.c 


Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 


386.8 
72.4 
12. 


.001 
.016 
.000 


1581.6 
13.2 
245. 
2.2 
1.2 
.014 
.012 
.12 


598. 
5.6 
88. 
1.6 
.234 
.014 
.000 


805.2 
33.2 
45. 
13.1 
3.6 
.136 
.000 
.12 


1863.6 
43.2 
825. 
6.7 
.624 
.044 
.000 
.12 


627.6 
110.4 
7.4 
8. 

1.12 
.116 
.000 


11 


47.8 
97.6 
.1 
.9 
12.3 
21.2 
12. 
20.2 


25.3 

338.9 

1.6 

38  6 

95.9 

.8 

1.7 

11.4 

.6 

245.0 


4.3 

242.0 


2.9 


2.2 


88.0 
44.4 


2 
4 
6 
1 
2 
6 
.4 
6.3 


45. 
4.3 


4.8 

658.8 

.8 

9.0 

24.4 

.9 

.8 

3.9 

.5 

825. 

33.8 


32.1 
1.4 

81.0 

79.2 

.5 

.9 

7.1 

.3 

7  4 

50.5 


Combinations. 


32 
5'S 

•  2. 
j»g 

•-o 
3  p 

II 

•   2. 
jng 

■  2. 
a>g 

II 

crptJ 

3  2. 

8s 

•  2. 
!»g 

pa  rt 

13 

32 
S03 

II 

oqtJ 
i— "i 

4.6 
1.4 
7.1 

.27 
.08 
.41 

Li  CI 

2.1 

.12 

.9 

47.7 

.05 

2.78 

.9 
5.4 

.05 
.31 

.8 
8.5 

.04 

.49 

.5 

7.0 

.03 

.40 

KN03 

K  CI  .  . 

27.4 

1.59 
.62 

Na  NO, 

10.7 

366.3 
601.1 

21.36 
35.06 

139.6 

64.4 

382.7 

8.14 

3.75 

22.33 

70.0 

6.4 

121.6 

4.08 

.37 

7.09 

1353.0 

50.0 

254.1 

78.47 

2.90 

14.74 

6.6 

74.7 
12.1 

.38 

4.36 
.70 

NaCl 

Na2  SO4 

Na,  CO,... 

NH4  CI 

5.8 

.33 

(NH4)2S04.... 
(NH4)2C03.... 

Mg  CI, 

MgSCX, 

12.2 

.71 

2.1 

.12 

3.7 

.21 

7.5 

.44 
1.46 
8.29 

25.2 

192.0 

11.19 

142  2 

6.1 

.30 

105.8 

6.17 

34.8 

2.02 

281.8 

16.43 

MgC03.. 

CaSCL.... 

121.2 
149.4 

7.70 
8.70 

243.9 

14.23 

7.3 
.8 

.42 

.05 

142.8 

8.33 

61.1 

3.54 

197.8 

ii.53 

CaC03 

Fe2  03  +  ALC>3 
Fe  S04 

.3 

.02 

.09 

1.6 
3.2 

.09 

.18 

.3 

.8 

.02 
.05 

1.9 
1.6 

.11 

.09 

.9 
1.8 

.05 
.10 

FeC03 

1.7 

Al2  03 

Al2  (SOJ3.;;;;; 
Si  Oo 

26,2 

1.53 

24.4 

1.42 

6.0 

.35 

13.4 

.78 

8.4 

.49 

15.2 

.88 

487.2 

28.39 

1513.6 

88.86 

620.1 

36.16 

479.6 

27.96 

1776.3 

103.01 

602.1 

35.07 

R.  W 

.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

C.  R 

.  R. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

A.  R 

.  J. 

R.V* 

r.  S. 

90 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Carlyle 

Clinton 

12387  

Carlyle 

Clinton 

8692 

Carpent'rsville 

County ! 

White 

Laboratory  number  

10637  . 

8950 

Date 

Aug.  25. 1904... 
Louis  Becker.. 
Spring 

Oct.  22,1900.... 
H.  G.  Weber.. 

24feet 

Rock 

Sept.  23,1902... 
B.S.  Crebs  .... 

315  feet 

Sandstone 

Jan   15  1901 

Owner 

Depth 

22  feet 

Strata  

Sand 

Sand,  gravel  .. 

R  emarks  

Turbidity 

Decided 

Muddy 

.000 

Very  slight 

.01 
.000 

Distinct 

Muddy 

.000 

Color 

Yellow 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,0U0c.  c. 

Total  residue 

662.0 

408.4 
44. 
33. 
1.8 
.28 
.046 

Trace 

.28 

3.7 

74.8 

.4 

16.2 

40.3 

1.7 

.6 

5.2 

1.1 

1.8 

78.2 

1,757.6 

22.8 

400. 

7.8 

.4 

.184 
.000 
.04 
13.9 
671.1 
.5 
4.8 
2.4 
.8 
1.8 
3.4 
.2 
400. 
12.2 

1,094. 
54  8 

Chlorine  

6.8 

3.4 
.056 
.134 
.050 

1  59 

3  7 
83.4 

1  9 

2  7 

f  Free  ammonia  .. 
Nitrogen  as-J^.. ammonia.. 

.042 

.03 

.001 

.119 

Potassium  K 

4.3 

12.2 
.05 

30.1 

61.8 

15 

.6 

5.3 

7. 

•6.8 

316.6 

102.8 

Calcium  Ca 

178.4 

3.4 

Aluminium  Al 

Silica  Si  ...: 

10.8 

Nitrate  N03 

.5 

Chloride  Cl    

1.9 

Sulphate  S04 

495.3 

Hypothetical 


§1 

as  n 

3  3. 

Q 
ffqtJ 

3* 

O 

Has 

to  n 

3£ 

EH  CO 

O 

fa  CD 

Potassium  Nitrate 

5.1 

.30 

1.9 
3.8 
2.2 

.11 

.     .22 
.13 

.4 
26.3 

.02 
1.54 

.9 
4. 
4.2 

.05 

Potassium  Chloride 

.23 

Potassium  Sulphate 

.24 

1.6 
11.2 
242.3 

.09 

.65 

14.13 

639.4 
18.1 
962. 

37.30 

1.06 

56.12 

Sodium  Sulphate 

113.9 

87.2 

6.60 
5.05 

37.5 

2.17 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

1. 

.06 

1.3 

.08 

.1 

49.9 
322.9 
606.1 

.01 

150.0 

8.75 

2.90 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

56.7 

3.29 

16.8 

.98 

18.73 

46.6 
120.0 

2.73 

7.00 

35.15 

102.5 

5.94 

6.1 

.36 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

.3 

1.2 

11.2 

.02 
.07 
.65 

3.5 
1.2 
11. 

.2t 

.07 
.64 

1.6 
3.4 
7.2 
41. 

.09 
.20 

.42 

2.39 

7.1 

.41 

Silica 

22.8 

1.32 

Total 

589.5 

34.39 

384.9 

22.32 

1,723.6 

100.56 

1,055.5 

61.21 

Analyst 

J.  M 

.L. 

A.I 

I.  J. 

A.  E 

).E. 

A.  I 

*.  J. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


91 


Wa  t  ers — C  ontinued . 


Carp'nte'sv'e 

Kane 

11715  

Carrier's  M 'Is 

Saline 

10605  

• 
Carrollton.. 

Greene 

10535  

Aug.  4.1902 
E.A.T'nh'l 
Spring 

Carrollton  ... 

Greene 

10767  

Carrollton.. 

Greene 

12422  

Sept.  9,1904 
G.  W.Ross 
303  feet  .... 
Limestone 

Decided  . .. 

Red 

H3S 

Carrollton.. 

Greene 

3513 

Apr.  28,1898 
F.  Sinsab'g 
1.400  feet  .. 
St.  Peter's  . 
City  sup'ly 
Distinct 

.03 

.000 

Dec.  31.  1903. 
A.  D.Smith. 
300feet 

Sept.  8.1902.. 
A.  V.  Tuller. 

150feet 

Rock  &  coal. 

Nov.  24,1902 
G.  W.  Ross.. 
Spring 

Citv  sup'ly 
Clear  

.000 

.000 

City  supply. 

Distinct 

Muddy 

Vinegar 

Clear  

.000 
Soured  

Slight 

.000 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

415.2 

4,994. 

47.2 
2,800. 
17.4 
2.96 
.044 
.001 
.18 
14.6 
1,863.6 

21.8 

38.9 

1.2 

2.9 

2.8 

.8 

2,800. 

1.9 

339.6 
27.6 

3.8 

1.8 
.024 
.028 
.000 

3.36 

2.0 

9.2 

342. 
60. 

4.8 

9.5 
.06 
.152 
.001 

2.396 

8.4 
10.5 

27"!  7 

73.4 

.4 

.7 

5.9 

13.0 

4.8 

16.5 

567.2 

3,160. 
64. 
1,335. 
6.4 
1.4 
.026 
.000 
.4 
46.1 
904.2 
1.7 
58.1 
139.8 
1.5 
.6 
4.2 
1.7 
1,335. 
487.2 

9.1 

2.6 
.362 
.038 
.032 

1.2 

11.5 

.200 
.316 
.000 
.08 
2.1 
39.8 

<       127.6 

6.6 
12.2 

28.1 

83.1 

.8 

.5 

3.3 

15.0 

3.8 

11.7 

52.0 

79.0 

17.5 

7.7 

4.1 

.3 

5.7 

1.5 

J 

3.2 

.2 

10  0 

11.0 

Combinations. 


35 

Q 

dp 

P__rt> 

^d 

do) 

Is 

O 

CfiS 
p  n> 

35 

II 

0 

dp 

p  n 

3  5 

II 

O 

dp 

Vjqd 

P  C6 

►d 

35 

II 

O 

c!p 

y->tx 

p  a 

►d 

35 

II 

Q 
?§. 

crq'o 

p  <T> 

1.3 

26.9 

.08 
1.57 

5.2 

.30 

21.2 
.3 

1.24 
.02 

d 

.04 

.20 

2.9 
86.0 

.17 
5.02 

KN03 

K  CI 

K2  S04 

.3 

.02 

.96 

.95 

15.57 

16.1 
6.3 
7.3 

.94 
.37 
.43 

Na  NO,  

16.5 
16.3 

266.8 

4,598.9 

2.8 

123.3 

268.28 

.16 

7.19 

7.6 
23.1 

.44 
1.3S 

6.6 
2.3 

84.0 

.39 

.13 

4.90 

2132.5 
201.3 

124.40 
11.74 

NaCl 

NaoS04 

Na,  C03 

.4 

.02 

6.6 

.38 

(NH4)2S04.... 
(NHJ3CO,.... 
MgS04 

1.3 

.08 

10.1 

.59 

8.7 
92.0 

.51 
5  37 

.9 
92.2 

.05 

5.38 

288.6 

16.83 

22.9 

1.33 

76.0 

4.43 

181.0 

10.56 

MgCOs 

162.0 

228.4 

9.45 
13.32 

CaS04 

30.4 

1.8 

1.77 
.11 

97.2 

5.67 

207.9 

12.13 

183.4 

10.70 

197.3 

11.51 

CaCOa 

Fe203+AL03  •• 
Fe  C03. 

2.6 
5.4 
6.0 

.15 
.32 
.35 

1.6 

1.0 

7.2 

.09 
.05 
.42 

.8 

1.4 

12.5 

.05 
.08 
.73 

36.2 
14.5 

8.8 

2.11 

.85 
.51 

3.0 
1.2 
9.0 

.17 
.07 
.52 

Al2  03 

6.8 

.40 

Si  O, 





363.1 

21.19 

4,950.5 

288,79 

353.1 

20.61 

343.8 

20.06 

534.8 

31.20 

3121.5 

182.07 

P.  1 

3. 

A.  D.  E. 

P. 

B. 

P.  B. 

J.  M.L. 

R.  W.  S. 

92 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Centralia 

Marion 

9123 

Centralia 

Marion 

11148  

Cerro  Gordo... 

Piatt 

3974 

Piatt 

Laboratory  number  

9028 

Date 

May  30,  1901... 
A.  H.  Rainey.. 
Spring  

June  14.  1903  .. 
C.  Schnuckle.. 

Spring.  

Red  Clay 

Aug.  22,  1898... 
W.  O.  Peck.... 

Mar.  13,  1901. .. 

J.  Miller 

Depth 

24feet 

Strata 

Turbidity 

Distinct  

.1 
.000 

Distinct 

.1 
.000 

Slight 

Slight 

02 

Color     

.01 
.000 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.-c. 

Total  residue 

3,809.2 
414. 
36. 
3.6 
.022 
.084 
.000 
.08 
3.2 
321.6 

7,830.4 
874.4 
91. 
4.2 
.022 
.09 
.00 
.72 

326.8 
30.8 

2.8 

1. 
.000 
.018 
.000 
.5 

1.8 

5.9 

968.4 
130 

53  5 

4.1 

Nitrogen  as.^^ammonia.. 

.032 
.098 
000 

^Nitrates 

45. 

Sodium  Na 

694.1 

Magnesium  Mg 

250.1 

456.4 

2.2 

2.1 

9. 

.3 
36. 
2,019.9 

740.0 
473.2 

26.3 

79.3 

.11 

1.6 

2.1 

.2 

2.8 

11.3 

65.9 

151.4 

Ferrous  Fe 

Silica  Si 

Nitrate  NO-, 

.3 
91. 

4,939.2 

51.7 

Chloride  Cl' 

53.5 

Sulphate  S04 

287.3 

Hypothetical 


*0 

C 
cog 

O 

co§ 
p5  n 

I— CO 

CJJB 

O 

P3   fP 

.6 
5.5 

.03 
.32 

3.5 
.9 

.20 
.05 

Potassium  Chloride 

Sodium  Nitrate 

4.4 

150.1 

1955.4 

.27 

8.75 
114.06 

Sodium  Chloride 

55.0 
925.2 

3.19 

53.66 

3.9 
13.3 

.23 

.77 

Sodium  Carbonate 

Ammonium  carbonate 

Magnesium  Chloride 

1244.4 

72.18 

3,678.0 

2i4.55 

2.8 
89.6 

.16 
5.22 

229.3 

407.3 

78.6 

13.30 

565.3 
724.6 

32.79 
42.03 

956.2 

479.1 

14.0 

55.78 
27.95 

.82 

23  62 

198.2 

11.56 

4  55 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

4.5 
4.0 
19.4 

.26 

.23 

1.13 

.2 
3.1 

4.5 

.01 

.18 
.26 

Silica 

20.0 

1.16 

Total 

3,548.5 

205.82 

7,257.2 

423.34 

320.0 

18.65 

715.2 

41  47 

A.   L-  M. 

R.  W    S. 

R.  W    R. 

A.  P     T 

Bartow  et.  el.] 
Wat  ers- — C  ontinued . 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


93 


Champaign.. 
Champaign.. 
10987 

Champaign.. 
Champaign.. 
6613 

Chandlerv. 

Cass 

9100 

May  6,  1901. 
Ira  Read  .. 
215  feet 

Chandlerv'  le 
Cass 

Chicago.... 

Cook  

5370 

Aug.  4,  1899 
I.C.  R.  R.. 
Lake  Mich. 

Chicago.... 

Cook 

9103    

May  10,1901 
W.  Rens'w 
Lake  Mich. 

9428      

Apr.  27, 1903 . . 
I.C.R.R.... 
Boneyard  . .. 

Jan.  4,  1900.. 
C.B.  Hatch.. 

176  feet 

Drift... 

Oct.  2,  1901  .. 

Ira  Read 

304  feet 

Slight 

1 

Distinct 

.30 
.000 

V.  Slight... 

Slight 

Slight 

.01 
Gassy 

.02 
"000 

Mouldy 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1.000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

391.6 

376.4 
46.4 
2.3 
5.7 
3.6 
.094 
.000 
.12 
2.7 
36,9 

866.4 
18. 
144. 
4.3 
.608 
.06 
.000 
.16 
7.3 
332.9 
.8 
4.8 
2  9 
.15 
.3 
4.7 
.7 
144. 
-     2.4 

3,291.2 
11.2 
1,655. 
9. 

1.76 
.036 
.000 
.12 
11.3 
1,263.9 
2.3 
9.0 
17.0 
.6 
.4 
3.8 
.6 
1,655. 
1.2 

144.8 
17.6 
4.2 
4.7 
.018 
.128 
.004 
.236 

47.6 

12. 

6.4 

.016 

.096 

.27 
5.33 

.'56*" 

10.4 

5.6 

8.3 

.05 
10.9 
28.2 

48.5 
71.1 

31.7 

58.9 

1.2 

.5 

8.1 

.6 

2.3 

.2 

11.7 

36.2 

4.3 

23.7 

12. 

75.1 

6.7 
2.4 
4.8 
12.0 

1.9 

1.0 

4.2 

10.0 

Combinations. 


H3 

►d 

1! 

JO  <T> 

►d 

0 

Cp 

OS'S 

JO   <T> 

: 

O 

jo  fD 

d  5 

Q 

dp 

hi 

3£ 

a  2> 

QD  g 

e.3 

.9 
4.4 

.05        1.1 

.06 
.40 

.9 

20.9 

.05 
1.21 

KNOs 

.25 

6.9 

KC1.  .. 

32.4 

3.89 
.26 

3.3 

7.9 
5.0 

.19 
.46 
.29 

1.4 

6.9 

16.0 

.08 

.40 
.93 

NaN03 

4.5 

.3 

.3 

84.6 

12.2 

.02 

.02 

4.93 

.71 

231.7 

3  5 

554.5 

.8 

13.44 
.20 

2,714.3 
1.8 

158.30 

.11 

26.26 

NaCl 

NaoSO, 

32.16       450  4 

Na.>CO, 

.04 

(NH4KCO3.... 

12.5 

.73 
5.48 
1.31 

MgCK 

93.9 

10.8 
33.2 

.65 
1.93 

MgSO~4 

22.5 

109.7 

6.39 

16.8 

.97 

34.4 

2.00 

38.0 

2.20 

MgCOs 

CaS04  ... 

177.7 
3.6 

10.37 
.21 

147.1 

8.57 

7.1 

.41 

42.5 

2.48 

90.5 
5.0 

5.28 
.29 

70.3 

.7 

4.08 
.04 

CaC03 

Fe303+Al203. 
FeCOa 

2.4 

.9 

17.2 

.14 

.05 
1.00 

.3 

.6 

10.0 

.01 
.03 

.58 

1.3 

.8 
8.0 

.08 
05 

ALO3 

9  1 

.53 

.47 

14.2 

.83 

4  1 

.24 

SiOo     . 

356.2 

20.78 

379.1 

22.08 

833.2 

48.30 

3,275.3 

191.01 

169.9 

9.92 

137.4 

7.97 

P.  B. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  R.J. 

A.   D.   E. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  R.  J. 

94 


MINERAL   CONTENT    OF    WATER. 


[BUL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Chicago 

Cook 

Chicago 

Cook 

Chicago 

Cook 

Cook 

5575 

10363 

6219 

7877. 

Date 

Aug.  7,  1899.... 

F.  Sturges 

250  feet 

Apr.  23, 1902 .... 

A.V.Lee 

300  feet 

Oct   30,1899.... 
W.  Peterson... 

1173  feet 

Rock  .... 

July  4,  1900.... 
W.  Vernon 

Owner 

Depth 

3,000 feet. .. 

Strata 

Limestone 

Limestone  (?). 

Turbidity 

Slight 

Distinct 

Milky 

Distinct... 

.05 
.000 

Slight 

Color 

.01 
.000 

.03 

Odor 

.000 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

252.4 
44. 
27.5 
3.3 
42.4 
.022 
.000 

3.8 
49.1 

.5 
14.5 
23.1 

.15 

.5 
13  7 

.7 
27.5 
6.6 

202.4 
17.6 
16. 
4.3 
.24 
.034 
.000 

6.0 
42.1 

.2 

8.y 

17.4 
2 

.6 
3.3 

.3 
16. 
30.3 

1.120.8 
47.2 
63.5 
1.3 
.52 
.034 
.000 

20.4 

87.0 

.7 

44.4 

184.8 

4.0 

.8 

7.3 

.7 

63.5 

.    503.2 

1,143.6 

62.8 

83. 

.7 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as. ^..ammonia... 

.024 
.056 
.07 

19  4 

103.5 

33.1 

Calcium  Ca 

180.0 

Aluminium  Al 

Silica  Si 

4.3 

Nitrate  NOs 

1.7 

Chloride  CI 

83.0 

Sulphate  S04 .• 

516.2 

Hvnothetical 


% 

3£ 
§2 

© 

el 

© 

OS'S 

*d 
3£ 

pi 

© 

Q3  IP 

p'l 

© 

pi" 

£L<-t 

Potassium  Nitrate 

l.i 

6.5 

.06 
.38 

.5 
11.1 

.03 

.64 

1.1 

38.2 

.06 
2.23 

2.8 
35.0 

.16 

Potassium  Chloride 

2.04 

Sodium  Nitrate 

40.2 

9.8 

69.4 

2.34 

.57 
4.04 

17.6 
44.9 
48.2 

1.02 

2.61 
2.81 

74.6 
177.9 

4.34 
10.38 

109.3 
186.6 

6  37 

Sodium  Sulphate 

10.88 

Sodium  Carbon  ate 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

2.5 

.14 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

1.3 

.07 

.7 

.04 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

220.8 

12.88 

164.1 

9.57 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

50.6 

2.94 

31.1 

1.81 

Calcium  Sulphate 

289  8 
248.7 

16.90 
14.50 

366.7 

180.3 

1.4 

21.39 

57.7 

3.36 

43.4 

2.53 

10  52 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

.08 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

:s 

.9 
29.2 

.02 

.05 

1.70 

.5 
1.1 
7.1 
2.5 

.03 
.06 
.41 
.14 

8.4 
1.6 
15.6 

.49 
.09 
.90 

Silica 

9.2 

.54 

Suspended  matter 

Total 

267. 

15.53 

208.7 

12.13 

1.079 .2 

62.91 

1,055.4 

61.55 

R.  W-  S. 

A.  D-  K.                R.W.S. 

R.  W-S. 

' 

BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 


WATEE   ANALYSES. 


95 


Waters — Continued. 


Chillicothe... 

Peoria 

3569 

Chrisman 

Edgar 

10701  

Oct.  13,1902.. 
A.  G.  Tucker 

140  feet 

Shale 

City  supply.. 

Decided 

Muddy 

Musty 

Chrisman  .. 

Edgar 

10702  

Nov.  11,1902 
A.G.Tuck'r 

l'ifeet 

Sand 

Cisne 

Wayne 

11749 

Jan.  14,1904.. 
S.  P.  Etter... 
80  feet 

Claremo'nt 
Richland  .. 

5037 

May  14, 1899 
G.  Mowrer. 

Spring 

Grav.  &  S'd 

Claremo'nt 
Richland  .. 
5038 

May  11. 1898.. 
J.S.Bailey.. 

42  feet 

Sand. 

May  14.1899 
G.  Mowrer. 
Spring 

City  supply.. 

Slight 

Yellow 

Citv  s'pply 

Slight 

.1 
Musty 

Slight 

F    O 

Slight 

Distinct.. .. 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

per  1,000  c.  c. 'per  1,000  c.  c. 

1 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOiC.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

426.4 
30  4 

2,287.6 
48.8 
567.5 
6  2 
1.6 
.576 
.000 
.16 

596.4 
95.2 
42. 
3.9 
.026 
.11 
.2 
.44 

3,095.2 

3,936. 
297.6 
36. 
5.8 
.04 
.15 
.008 
1.4 
7.6 
125.6 

6,857.2 
729.2 
81. 
2.9 
1.51 
.072 
.000 
.12 
11.3 
484.9 
1.9 
605.3 
522.3 
6.2 
2.7 
8.3 
.6 
81. 
3,996.8 

13. 

5. 
.048 
.048 
.000 

5  6 

5  0 

215. 
4.5 
.012 
.04 
.006 
28.00 
7.3 
30S.5 

.012 

187.1 

308.8 

5.0 

1.3 

8.1 

32.1 

215. 

1,442.4 

10.6 

588.8 

2.1 

8.7 

15.4 

11.3 

55.  i 

81.2 

.14 

45.5 
116.1 

294.3 
591.2 

1.8 

1.5 
8.3 
6.2 
36. 

2,385.6 

6.3 
24.8 
13. 
75.4 

3.9 

.7 

567.5 

4.1 

3.2 
1.9 
42. 
156.3 

Combinations. 


o 

dp 

3£ 

2  «> 

a  <t 

© 
aag" 

pa  <T> 

3£ 

II 

© 
dp 

pa  fB 

►d 

3£ 

p 

© 

f»g 

OP'S 

pa  rt> 

3£ 

© 

§1 

© 
d3 

jag 

12.9 

.75 

18.9 

1.10 

10.1 
7.1 

"53!7 
322.4 

.58 
.41 

"3*.  13 

18.81 

.9 
20.9 

iii'.b 

1353.8 

.05 
1.21 

"6 '.45 

78.96 

KNO3 

K  CI 

23.2 
11.1 

1.42 

.64 

.9 
937.2 

6. 
343.5 

.05 
54.67 

.35 
20.03 

2.7 
42.1 

.16 
2.46 

27  2 
354.8 
489.4 

1.59 
20.68 
28.53 

Na  N03 

Na  CI 

Na,  SG4 

Na*  C03 

.0 

.00 

6.9 

(NH4),  S04.... 

1 

5.6 

.33 

(nh4);co3.... 

16.9 

.98 
5.50 
2.39 

22.1 
194.1 

1.39 
11.  C2 

3008  A 

175  ".49 

MgCL.. 

94  4 

930.0 

54.25 

1462.8 

85.33 

Mg^o4 

41.1 

30.2 

1.76 

MgC03 

CaSQ4 

1.5 

290.2 

3.4 

.09 

16.93 

.20 

521.4 

388.1 

30.40 
22.63 

141^.0 
438.9 

82.43 
25.60 

949.2 
607.7 

55.37 
35.41 

202.9 

11.82 

38.6 
6.8 

2.66 
.40 

CaC03  ....• 

Fe,03+Alo03. 

.3 

.02 
.20 

.77 

10.4 

2  4 

17.2 

.61 

.14 

1.00 

12.9 
5.2 

17.6 

.75 

.30 

1.02 

Fe"CQ3 ... 

3.4 

2.8 
17.6 

.16 
1.02 

A1203 

13.3 

8.4 
839.2 

.49 

48.96 

6  9 
7.9 

.40 

.46 

Si  O, 

419.5 

2  J:.  63 

2216.4 

129.7 

570.9 

33.31 

2755.8 

160.69 

3728.4 

217.47 

6099.9 

355.51 

R.  W.  S. 

P.  B. 

P 

.  B. 

D.  J 

£. 

R.\ 

V.S. 

R.W.  S. 

96 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEKS. 


[BULL  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Clayton 

Adams 

11795  

Clinton 

DeWitt 

2694 ;.... 

Clinton 

DeWitt 

8976 

Clinton 

County 

DeWitt 

Laboratory  number. 

9327 

Date 

Feb.  7, 1904 

G.  Anderson.. 
54  ft 

Sept.  20,1897... 

J.  Ziegler 

Spring 

Aug.  1900 

I.C.R.R 

Spring 

Aug.  27,1901... 
D.  T.  Gay  .... 
Spring 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata 

Clay  and  sand. 

Capacity 

900  gal.  per  hr. 

R  emarks 

City  supply. .. 

Turbidity 

Color 

.4 
.000 

4 

Odor 

000 

Millie-rams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

2512.8 

323.6 
21.6 
1.4 
3. 
1. 
.104 
.000 
.05 
1.9 

1.28 
86.3 
101.7 
2.9 
.4 
9.1 

.%'" 

312  4 

29  2 

Chlorine  

25.5 

3.4 
.038 
.07 
.000 

4. 

4.5 

1  2 

3  1 

fFree  ammonia.. 

.704 

Nitrogen  asJ  Alb.  ammonia... 

112 

4.' 

000 

16 

Potassium  K 

2.5 

8  9 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

1 

Magnesium  Mg 

214.0 

304.9 

29.8 

40.4 

87.9 

33  8 

Calcium  Ca " 

51  6 

2  6 

Aluminium  Al 

7 

9.3 

10  2 

Manganese  Mn 

Nitrate  N03 

4.6 

25.5 

1086.0 

.2 
1.4 

.8 

17.7 

.8 
2 

7 

Chloride  CI 

1  2 

Sulphate  S04. 

2  7 

Hypothetical 


Blaa 

B  -t 

Q 

£i2 

w     SO 

S.3- 

£.03 
I" 

B  "i 

O 
cog 

3* 

B.°oj 

Is 

►d 

e.5 

Potassium  N  itrate 

7.5 
3.0 

.44 
.17 

.4 

2.9 

1.5 

1.0 

20  5 

.02 
.16 
.08 
.06 
1.20 

1.1 

2.5 

1.7 

.06 

Potassium  Chloride 

.15 

Potassium  Sulphate ; 

.10 

24.2 

1.3 

.4 

37.8 

1.40 

.08 

.02 

2.19 

39.8 
206.8 

2.32 

12.06 

Sodium  Sulphate 

2.5 

18.6 

.3 

.15 

Sodium  Carbonate 

1.18 

3.4 

.19 

.02 

1066.2 

62.16 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

30.3 

1.77 

140.7 

8.16 

117.6 

6.84 

Calcium  Sulphate 

136.5 
661.5 

7.96 
38.57 

254.0 

14.81 

219.6 
5.0 

12.74 
.29 

136.8 

7.98 

2.3 
56.2 
35.0 

.13 
3.27 
2  04 

6.1 

.8 
19.3 

.35 

.05 

1.13 

5.5 
1.4 

21.8 

.32 

Alumina 

.08 

Silica 

19.8 

1.15 

1.27 

Total 

2214.8 

129.12 

340.2 

19.82 

448.8 

26.03 

309.8 

18.15 

Analyst 

D.  K. 

C.  R.R. 

A.  L.  M. 

A.  D.  E. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


97 


Clinton 

DeWitt 

9330 

Clinton 

DeWitt 

4674 

Feb.  2, 1899... 
J.  E.  Moffatt 
20  ft 

Clinton.... 
DeWitt.... 
Aug.  1900.. 

8977 

I.  C.  R.R.. 
78  ft 

Clinton 

DeWitt 

8978 

Cobden 

Union 

8910 

Dec.  21, 1900 
F.  B.  Hines 
Spring 

Cobden — 

Union 

8911 

Dec.  21, 1900 
F.B.  Hines 
Spring 

Aug.  27,1901. 
D.  T.  Gay  ... 
Spring 

Aug.  1900.... 
I.C.  R.R.... 
78  ft 

Flo.,  c.  sup.. 

Clear 

Decided  ... 
Yeilow  .... 
.000 

Slight 

.01 
.000 

000 

.6 
.000 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.c. 

Milligrams  Milligrams 
per  1000 c.c.  per  1000 c.c. 

4393  6 

414.8 
56. 
2.3 
1.6 
'    .64 
.026 
.000 
.1 

8.9 

.8 

41  7 

94.7 

.3 

.4 

8.4 

350.4 

16.8 

2.6 

7.3 

2.4 

.176 

076 

10.7 

14^5 

77.6 

288.4 

4. 

3.2 

1.4 
.012 
.026 
.000 
.12 

i.i" 

.01 

19.8 

77.6 

1.4 

.14 
11.3 

.5 
3.2 
10.0 

76. 

10. 
1.4 

1.4 

.6 

.04 

.064 

8.75 

1.08 

3.8 

7.6 

15.1 

24.0 

43.7 

83.9 
9 

33.7 
82.0 

39.8 
73.3 

2.1 

1.1 

14.6 

53.4 

.3 

2.6 

5.3 

9.6 

6.9 

10. 

8.75 
10. 
21.1 

.5 

2.3 

11.3 

4.8 
1.4 
1.6 

16.9 

.6  . 
2.2 

Combinations. 


as 

jfg 

a  <i 

0 

cog 

OS'S 

P3    CD 

II 

0 

3  3. 
o  a> 

O 

col' 

£8 

►d 

li 

O 

Cflg 
OS'S 

3£ 
aim 

a  ™ 

O 
CO  5 

1.1 
II 

a  3 

14.6 

.86 

.7 
3.5 

.04 
.20 

.5 
1.3 

.03 
.07 

KNO, 

KC1 

K2S04 

K2C03 

28  0 

1.63 

6.6 

2.3 

2.3 

27.0 

.38 

.13 

.13 

1.57 

23.1 
1.0 
3.2 

37.8 

1.34 
.06 
.19 

2.19 

.7 

5.3 

14.9 

.04 
.30 
.86 

NaN03    . 

1.1 
16.7 

7.2 
2.1 

.06 
.97 
.42 
.12 

3.3 

7.8 

15  5 

8.2 

.19 
.45 
.90 
.47 

NaCl 

Na„S04... 

NaoC03  .. 

(NH4)2C03...- 

Mg(NQ3)o 

MgCL 

11.5 

.67 

.79 

1.54 

6.72 

13.4 

26.4 

MgSU4 

MgC03 

CaSt)4 

115.3 

143.6 

8.38 

117.2 

6.80 

138.6 

8.04 

•50.4 

2.92 

68.9 

3.99 

207.9 

12.12 

236.4 

13.79 

204.3 
8.0 

11.85 

.46 

183  2 
5.2 

10.63 
.30 

193.7 

11.23 

194.3 

11.27 

CaC03 

Fe203+Al203.. 
FeCOs 

1.9 

.11 

.23 

1.19 

.6 

.7 

17.9 

.03 

.04 

1.04 

2.9 

.3 

24.0 

.17 

.01 

1.39 

4.0 

2. 

31. 

111.8 

.11 

1.80 
6.48 

ALO-, 

20.4 

14.7 

.85 

21.4 

1.24 

SiQ2 ..... 

MnC03 . 

443.4 

25.86 

430.5 

25.09 

382.4 

22.17 

413.5 

23.99 

425.5 

.24.65 

311.3 

18.03 

A.  D.  E. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  L.  M. 

A.  L.  M. 

A.  R.  J. 

A.  R.  J. 

-7  G. 


98 


MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Colchester  — 
McDonough  .. 

8756 

Nov.  7,1900.... 
E.  Belshaw 

Collinsville.. .. 

Madison 

4271 

Collinsville 

Madison 

4280 

County 

Laboratory  number 

10753 

Date 

Oct.  26.1898.... 
J.R.Wadsw'th 
601  feet. 

Oct.  26,1898.... 

Same 

706  feet 

Rock 

Nov.  10,1902... 
S.  E.  Simpson. 
90  Feet 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata 

Yellow  clay. .. 
60  gal.  per  hr  .. 

Rock 

Sand 

Capacity 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

Cloudy 

.000 

Distinct 

.03 
.000 

Slight 

Color 

.03 
.000 

4 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

287.2 
14. 

.7 
2.2 
.1 
.05 
.005 
.195 

2608.8 
26. 
865. 
4.7 
.024 
.044 
.215 
.4 

2544.8 
30. 
680. 
3.3 
1. 
.03 
.21 
.4 

329  2 

Loss  on  ignition 

36  4 

Chlorine 

10  25 

Oxygen  consumed 

1  3 

fFree  ammonia 
TCirrnp-pn  as  -J  Alb.  ammonia. .. 
JNltrogenas-1  Nitrites 

i.  Nitrates 

.048 
.04 
.000 
.16 

Lithium  Li 

Potassium  K 

3.0 

17.7 

.1 

19.2 

52.2 

2.0 

.5 

8.7 

27.9 
830.4 

18.9 

883.8 

1.3 

19.7 

31.7 

1.5 

.6 

3.3 

2  2 

Sodium  Na 

38  2 

Ammonium  (NHJ 

1 

Magnesium  Mg 

17.9 

38.8 

2.5 

4.3 

24.1 

27.9 

Calcium  Ca 

74  2 

Ferrous  Fe 

1  2 

Aluminium  Al , . 

1  0 

Silica  Si 

9  5 

Nitrites  NO, 

Nitrate  NOs 

Chloride  CI 

.8 

.7 

1.4 

1.7     - 

865. 
450.4 

.6 
680. 
505.4 

.7 
10.3 

Sulphate  S04 

16.9 

Hypothetical 


33 


c 

*d 

O 

■■d 

Q 

*0 

Cs3 

33 

c3 

33 

CS 

33 

™% 

Is 

v>% 

Rs 

™% 

Rs 

Wa 

(JQ-O 

JQT3 

P  <T> 

£  0> 

rH 

Lithium  Sulphate  

Potassium  N itrite 

Potassium  Nitrate 

Potassium  Chloride 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Potassium  Carbonate. .. 

Sodium  N  itrate 

Sodium  Chloride 

Sodium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Carbonate 

Ammonium  Sulphate  .. 
Ammonium  Carbonate 
Magnesium  Chloride. .. 
Magnesium  Sulphate. .. 
Magnesium  Carbonate. 

Calcium  Sulphate 

Calcium  Carbonate 

Ferrous  Sulphate 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

Alumina 

Aluminium  Sulphate.. . 
Silica 


Total 

Sulphuric  Acid. 


1.3 
1.5 

2.6 
1.0 


40.7 
"".2 


66.8 
*i36!6 


4.2 
1.0 


18.4 

267.7 


3.87 


7.54 


1.07 


15.49 


1.1 

3.8 
48.6 


1,387.3 
666.3 
158.2 


62.2 


97.1 


.06 

.22 
2.83 


80.92 

38.87 

9.23 


3.62 


5.65 


5.1 

8.2 


51. 


.48 


3.00 
145.18 


1,094.7 
747.6 

485.8 


3.4 


68.5 
'79!7 


3.2 

1.2 


7.0 


2,528.1 


.16 


1.1 


63.85 
43.60 
28.34 


.20 


3.99 


4.64 


.40 


147.41 


14.4 
25.0 
56.2 


97.2 


185.4 


2.6 
1.9 


20.3 


407.7 


.86 
1.46 


.02 


5.67 


10.82 


.15 
.11 


1.19 


23.81 


Analyst. 


A.R.J. 


R.  W.  S. 


R.  W.  S. 


P.  B. 


BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATEK   ANALYSES. 


99 


Waters — Continued. 


Cooksville  .. 

McLean 

8729      

CrealSprings 
Williamson  . 
9032 

Creal  Spr.. 
Williams'n 

4106 

Sept.21,1898 
W.SuthTd. 

24  feet 

Sand 

CrealSprings 
Williamson  . 
9238 

Creal  Spr.. 

Williams'n 

9919 

Nov  [29*  1901 

J.McKav'n 

25  feet 

Clay 

Crystal  Lk. 
McHenry.. 

11391  

Sept.21,1903 
G.Prickett. 

Spring 

Sand&g'vl 

Oct.  30, 1900... 
W.  H.  Porter 

Spring- 

Gravel 

March  15,1901 
W.P.Schney 
Spring 

Aug.  1,1901.. 
J.  Kenner  . .. 

9  feet 

Clay 

Very  slight.. 
.6 
.000 

Slight 

.03 
.000 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Slight 

.04 
.000 

Decided.... 
.4 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

429.2 

32.4 

20.5 

8.9 

3.8 

.608 

.000 

.08 

12.190.4 
1,330. 
123. 
7.1 
8. 
.176 
.01 
2.87 

6,074.8 
74. 
171. 
4  2 
.34 
.108 
.125 
.3 
.06 

509.5 

.4 

487.5 

456.4 

.4 

1.1 

8.7 

.3 

1.3 

171. 

3,338.4 

4,549.6 
547.2 
166. 
5.9 
.032 
.128 
.06 
33.94 

1,126.8 
192.8 
33. 
2.5 
.016 
.086 
.003 
1.557 

339.6 
46.0 
3.8 
1.8 
.112 
.028 
.000 
.120 

* 

75.0 

26.3 

10.3 

510.6 

1,114.3 

6.3 

214.2 

9.4 

582.9 

135.8 

20.1 

26.3 
49.4 
3.7 
1.2 
4. 

187.3 

584.9 

2.2 

.6 

36.1 

90.9 

129.5 

1.9 

5.5 

12.3 

32.6 

100.1 

2.2 

2.3 

5.9 

.3 

20.5 

2.2 

18.5 
123. 
7,863.6 

150.3 
166. 
2,185.2 

6.9 
33. 
301.8 

.5 

3.8 

190.1 

Combinations. 


3* 

11 

Q 

OPT) 
£L<t> 

3£ 

0 

CSS 

OQtJ 

II 

D  2 

3* 

O 

P,rt> 

Pico 

11 

0 

dp-O 

3* 

Is 

Q 

11* 

.4 

.7 

2.0 

37.4 

.02 

.04 

.11 

2.17 

Li,  SO* 

"".17 

.52 

KNO, 

.6 
9.5 

.03 

.55 

29.9 
7.3 

1.83 
.42 

24.9 

1.45 

2.9 

8.9 

.8 

7. 

.05 
.41 

KNO*.. ........ 

KC1 

K2S04 

K2C03 

185.1 

273.9 

1,324.4 

10.80 
15.98 

77.26 

NaNG3  .. 

28. 

1.62 

.18 
8.39 

66.8 

3.87 

252.5 
1265.7 

14.72 
73.83 

47.5 
360.9 

2.77 
21.05 

.8 
61.1 

.05 
3.57 

NaCl 

3.2 

Na2  S04 

144.7 

Na2  C03 

37.7 

2.18 

1.5 

.09 

(NH4)2S04.... 
(NH4)2C03.... 

13. 

.74 

107.0 
2,388.0 

6.20 
138.50 

MgCL 

2432.1 

141.34 

931.2 

54.32 

72.5 
265.4 

4.25 
15.49 

162. 

,.45 

MgS04 

MgC03 

CaS04 

9i.6 

5.31 

3,741.6 

218.01 

76'  .? 
574.3 

44.87 
33.50 

2,036.2 
700  0 

60.44 
40.83 

27.4 
230. 

1.60 
13.42 

123.6 

7.17 

142.4 

8.31 

Ca  COs  .     . 

18.8 

1.09 

FeS04 

7.5 

.43 
.13 

.8 
2.0 

.04 
.11 

4.5 
1.2 

.26 
.07 

3.9 
10.4 

.23 

.60 

4.5 
4.3 

.26 
.25 

Fe  C03  . 

2.2 

A1203 

1,348.9 
20.0 

78.23 
1.16 

A12(S04)3 

Si  O, 

8.6 

.50 

18.4 

1.07 

75.2 

4.39 

26.2 

1.53 

12.6 

.74 

432.5 

25.05 

10,017.0 
2,251. 

581.78 
131.29 

5349.2 

311.91 

4,556.6 

265.80 

941.0 

54.02 

510.5 

29.80 

A.R.J. 

A.R 

•  J. 

R.  V 

/.  S. 

A.  D 

E. 

A.  D.E. 

P. 

B. 

100 


MINEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Cutler 

Danville 

Vermilion 

10713  

Danville 

Vermilion 

11892  .  

Mar.  22,1904... 
Mrs.  L.  Rust  . . 

Decatur 

Macon 

6072 

County 

Laboratory  number. 

9991 

Date 

Dec.  6,1901  .... 

P.  Feaman 

Spring 

Nov.  8,1902.... 
G.  A.  Damon  . 

Oct.  14,1899... 
M.T.Holt  .... 
5  foot  spring  . . 

Owner. 

Depth 

Strata.... 

R  emarks 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

Yellow 

.000 

Distinct 

Muddy 

.000 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Slight 

.01 

.000 

Color 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue  

7084. 
814. 
11. 
7.4 
.64 
.336 
.007 

29.2 

368.4 
53.2 
2.8 
5.6 
.024 
.188 
.042 

406. 

442.8 
32  4 

Chlorine 

10. 
1.8 
.432 
.02 
.00 

10.1 

.6 

40.5 

92.8 

4.1 

2.5 

6.9 

.3 

9.7 

44.5 

9. 
11 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.  jAlb^ammoma.. 

.02 

.048 
.005 

Potassium  K 

1  9 

Ammonium  (NH4)  

Magnesium  Mg 

447.1 

437.8 

1.4 

5.0 

8.7 

1.4 

11. 

3846.5 

23.8 
46.9 

44  2 

Calcium  Ca 

93  8 

15 

Aluminium  Al 

4 

7. 

.4 

2.8 

31.5 

7  7 

Nitrate  NOa 

8  5 

Chloride  CI 

Sulphate  S04 

9. 
72  0 

Hypothetical 


*d 

fa 

0 

»g 

II 

O 

G3 

►d 

II 
II 

Q 
C3 

jog 

3£ 

i- 

O 
c!3 

OS'S 

P3   (P 

Potassium  N  itrate 

2.2 

2.3 

60.5 

.12 

.13 

3.53 

.6 
18.9 

.03 
1.10 

4.9 

.28 

Potassium  Chloride 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Nitrate 

5.5 

4.6 

46.7 

13.5 

.32 
.27 

2.72 
.79 

7.5 
14.8 
15:3 

44 

Sodium  Chloride 

1.2 

20.6 

.07 
1.20 

86 

Sodium  Sulphate 

2457.2 

143.34 

89 

Sodium  Carbonate 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

2.0 

.01 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

Magnesium  Sulphate  

2222.4 

129.67 

21.6 
125.8 

1.26 
7.34 

77.1 
99.7 

4.49 

Magnesium  Carbonate .... 

82.7 

4.82 

5.81 

Calcium  Sulphate 

530.2 
704.2 

30.93 
41.08 

Calcium  Carbonate 

117.1 
4.3 

6.83 
.25 

231.8 

13.52 

234.3 

13.67 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

Ferrous  Carbonate  

2.9 
9.4 

18.6 

.17 

.55 

1.09 

8.5 
4.8 
14.6 

.49 

.28 
.85 

.3 

.8 

16.3 

.02 

Alumina  

.05 

Silica 

14  8 
34.1 

.87 
1.99 

.95 

Suspended  matter 

Total 

6009.9 

350.61 

323.3 

18.86 

450.4 

26.15 

471. 

27.46- 

Analyst 

a.  r 

).  E. 

P. 

B. 

D. 

K. 

R.  V 

V.  S. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 

Waters— Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


101 


Deerfield  — 
Lake 

Dekalb 

Dekalb 

3463-4 

Apr.  15,1898  . 

L.B.  Merr'n. 

841  feet 

Salt  Peter  (?) 

City  supply  . 

Distinct 

.5 
.000 

Dekalb  .... 
Dekalb  .... 

3462 

Apr.  18.1898 
L.B. Merr'n 
890  feet  .... 
Salt  Peter.. 

DeWitt 

DeWitt 

10033  

Dixon 

Lee 

10906  

Mar.  2,1903. 
C.   Hughes 
spring 

Downs  

McLean  ... 

12316  

Aug.  8,1904 
MissL.Bkr. 
127  feet  .... 
Drift 

446           

Jan.  28,1896  . 
R.  B.  Chase  . 

140  feet 

Rock  .. 

Dec.  10,1901  . 
Chas.  Gleen. 
Spring 

Slight 

■     .02 
.000 

Distinct  

Yellow 

.000 

Clear  

.000 
.000 

Decided  ... 
Yellow.... 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1.000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

334.4 

17.2 

.9 

3.3 

.6 

.048 

.000 

.16 
3.0 
29.7 

1. 
23.3 
56.5 

.49 

.8 
6.7 

.7 

.9 
2.9 

296.4 
24. 

.9 
2.8 
.08 
.044 
.012 
.25 
4.1 
23.0 

432. 

36.4 
2.4 
7.2 
10. 
.352 
.003 
.077 
3.3 
19.9 

284. 

6. 

2.8 

2. 
.016 
.048 
.000 

1.6 

6.9 

5.3 

486. 

9 
9.0 
9.40 
.308 
.00 
.16 
3.0 
22.5 
12. 
43.5 
94.8 
6.1 
5.5 
10.5 
.7 
.9 
2.5 

11.1 

41.2 
73.3 

26.5 

49.4 

.8 

.7 

3.3 

1.1 

.9 

4.1 

38.7 

96.3 
5.0 
5.6 

10.5 

.3 

2.4 

11.5 

35.5 

78.8 

1.2 

.6 

7.5 

.7 

2.8 

9.9 

.7 

11.4 

306.9 

'Combinations. 


"0 

3* 

O 

►a 

den 

II 

0 

e.3 

3ft 

da> 

Q 
CIS 

rag 

£L3 

den 

II 

a 
j»g 

3ft 

dco 

II 

a 

c!p 
rag 

3ft 

dec 

dp 

rag 

el 

1.1 

1.9 
3.6 

.06 

-.11 

.21 

1.8 

1.9 
5.5 

.10 

.11 

.32 

.6 
5.0 

.9 

.04 
.29 
.05 

11.4 

5.9 
3.2 

.66 
.34 
.19 

1.1 

1.9 
3.5 

.06 
.11 
.20 

KNO, 

21.3 

1.24 

KC1 

K„S04 

.9 

.05 
.13 

22.61 

Na  N03. 

2.1 

NaCl 

387.5 

1.3 
67.3 

.08 
3.93 

1.6 
52.8 

.09 
3.08 

16.3 
29.4 

.95 
1.71 

12  3 
3.3 

.72 
.19 

.9 
51.1 

.05 

2.98 

Na2S04  

Na2  CO,  . 

(NHJ,  S04.... 
(NH4)a  COs.   . 

1.9 

.11 

31.9 

1.86 

56.3 

3.29 
6.1 

MgS04  .  .. 

104. 

81.0 

4.72 

92.4 

5.39 

i34.8 

7.86 

123.7 

7.22 

151.2 

8.82 

MgCOs 

CaSO. 

183. 

10.68 

141.2 

8.23 

123.5 

7.20 

240.8 

14.05 

196.9 

11.48 

236.6 

13.80 

CaC03 

Fe203+Al203  . 

FeCU3 

Al,  03  .. 

1.2 

.07 

1.0 

.2 

14.3 

.C6 
.01 
.83 

1.8 

.1 

7.1 

.10 
.01 
.41 

10.3 
10.6 
22.4 

.60 

62 

1.30 

2.6 
1.1 
16. 

.15 
.06 
.93 

12.7 
10.4 
22.4 

.74 

.61 

1.31 

14.3 

.84 

SiOo 

770.6 

45.01 

314.8 

18.35 

288.5 

16.81 

471.1 

27.47 

376.4 

21.94 

523.7 

30  54 

A.  W.P. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  \ 

V.  S. 

A.  D 

E. 

P, 

B. 

J.  M.  L. 

102 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES, 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town  

Dundee 

Kane 

Duquoin  

Perry 

12038  

Duquoin 

Duquoin  

Perry 

12039 

County 

Laboratory  number 

8958 

12037  

May  10,  1904... 
L.  D.  Skinner. 
30  feet  . 

Jan.  18, 1901.... 
Ei.  Browning.. 

250  feet  

Rock 

May  10,1904.... 
L.  D.  Skinner. 
Spring 

May  10,  1904... 
L.  D.  Skinner. 
108  feet 

Depth 

Strata  , 

Sand .     . 

Rock 

Remarks 

Turbidity 

Decided 

Yellow 

Oil.  .. 

Slight.  . 

Decided 

Muddy 

.000 

Color 

Muddy 

Pungent 

Red 

Odor         

Peculiar 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 

406.4 

3,909.2 

962.4 

1,489.2 

1,098.0 

391  2 

Dissolved 

Loss  on  ignition 

17.2 

1.4 

11. 

10.4 

.17 

15.5 
4.5 
.186 
.186 

74. 
3.6 
.114 

.098 

9 

Oxygen  consumed 

8  25 

|  Alb.  ammonia.. 

.112 
.160 

.003 
.117 
3.8 
29.4 
13:4 
37.2 
73.1 
5.3.... 

.003 
.12 

.010 
.31 

.008 

1  Nitrates 

072 

Potassium  K 

Sodium  Na 

296.0 

178.7 

144  0 

Magnesium  Mg 

Calcium  Ca... 

244.2 
352.1 

33.6 
102.1 

40.9"" 
128  8 

Ferrous  Fe 

Aluminium  Al 

5. 
6.6 
.5 
1.4 
1.1 

Silica  Si 

5.7 

.6 

15.5 

2,112.4 

8.2 
■           1.4 
74. 
311.4 

11  6 

Nitrate  N 03  

Chloride  CI 

9 

Sulphate  S04 

552  0 

\ 

Hypothetical 

C3-J5 

Q 

CO§ 

to  "2 

a  2> 

O 

cog 
SL3 

oti 

o 

to^ 

B| 
p2 

col" 

Potassium  Nitrate 

.8 
2.9 
1.9 

.04 
.17 
.11 

Potassium  Chloride 

Potassium  Sulphate 

1.5 

.08 

Sodium  N  itrate 

.8 

25.6 

881.6 

.05 

1.49 

51.42 

1.9 
122.1 
401.9 

.11 

7.12 
23.42 

Sodium  Chloride 

14.8 
426.4 

.86 

24.87 

67.7 

3.92 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

35.6 

2.06 

1,213.8 

70.80 

50.1 
81.7 

2.92 
4.76 

203.4 

11.87 

129.3 

7.50 

773.2 
311.4 

45.10 
18.16 

143.1 
216.6 

8.35 

182.8 

10.60 

255.0 

14.87 

12.63 

10.9 
.9 
14. 

.63 
.05 
.81 

Silica 

12.2 

.71 

17.5 

1.02 

24.8 

1.45 

Total 

448.3 

25.97 

3,218.6 

187.73 

929.9 

54.22 

1,029.1 

60  03 

Analyst 

A.  R.  J. 

J.  M.  L. 

J.  M.  L. 

J.  M.  L. 

BARTOW  ET.   AL.] 


WATER    ANALYSES. 


103 


Waters — Continued. 


Dwight 

Livingston  .. 
12894 

Dwight 

Livingston... 
12895       

Dwight.. .. 
Livingst'n . 
9929 

Nov.' 30,1901 
J  as.  Eyer.. 
220  feet  .... 
Rock 

V."  Slight'.! 
.02 
.000 

E.  Moline... 
Rock  Island. 
13589  

E.St.Louis. 
St. Clair.... 

11800  

Feb.  9,1904. 
M.R.Tha'r. 
90  feet 

E.St.Louis. 
St  Clair  ... 

11801  

Feb.  9,1904. 
M.R.Tha'r. 
Miss.  River 

Feb.  7,  1905.. 
L.  E.  Keeley 
135  feet 

Feb.  7,  1905.. 
L.  E.  Keeley 

135  feet 

Gravel. , 

12894  treated. 

Distinct 

Whitish 

.000 

Sept.  23.  1905. 
W  Vanderv't 
1,450  feet  .... 
Rock 

City  supply. 

Flowing 

V.  Slight  .... 

Yellow 

.000 
.000 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

1,156.4 

974.4 

1,099.6 

1,060. 

680.4 

196. 

29.6 
175. 
4.9 
2.  lfi 
.054 

35. 
5.3 
2.08 
.126 

38.0 
4.45 
2.08 
.120 

317.5 
7.25 
1.680 
.034 

43.5 
3.7 
.656 
.054 

5.8 
9.3 

.448 
.192 

.000 
.44 
4.7 

.050 

.315 

5.1 

238.1 

2.7 

26.3 

19.1 

.00 
.16 
8.5 
307.3 
2.8 
31.5 
51.9 
.6 
.3 
•      4.9 
.7 
175. 
316.6 

.000 
.08 
9.9 

268.8 

.003 
.077 

.008 
.672 

149. 
2  7 

59.2 

.8 

42.1 

138.4 

23.2 

.448 
13.0 
35.9 

50.9 

128.7 
2  2 

26.6 

61.9 

1.8 

1.1 

4.2 

.3 

317.5 

223.3 

1.7 

""Vo'.s" 

""hi"" 

.8 

5.8 

45.6 

3.9 
1  9 

3.4 
1.5 

38. 
547.3 

35. 

549.4 

43.5 
102.7 

Combinations. 


3£ 
p  £5 

O 

OS'S 
p  n> 

pre 

O 

dsi 

cog 

P   n 

-0 
3* 

as  fl> 

a  3 

C 

CfiS 

OS'S 
EL  3 

§.5 

O 

C^p 

col" 

S.3 

T3 

3£ 

O 
Cp 

EL? 

3.2 

.17 
.39 

2.4 
8.1 

.14 
.47 

1.1 
18.5 

.06 
1.08 

.6 
18.2 

.04 
1.06 

KNO, 

6.7 

KC1 

K,SO* 

k;co3 

8.3 

.48 

NH4C1     . 

i.i 

9.6 
59.3 

.06 

.56 

3.46 

NaN03 

52.5 
397.3 

3.06 
23.18 

56.4 
665.2 

3.29 
38.80 

265.1 

468.6 

117.8 

8.3 

lb.  47 

27.33 

6.88 

.48 

508.7 
212.1 

29.68 
12.37 

71.8 
94.7 

4.19 
5.52 

NaCl 

Na2S04 

Na2CO, 

K2C03 

9.9 

.58 

9.9 

.58 

2.4 

.14 

1.6 

.09 

(NH4)2S04 

(NH4)2CO, 

MgS04  

MgC03 

CaSO+ 

252.9 

14.75 

113.1 
12.2 

6.60 
.71 

99.9 
22.7 

5.83 
1.32 

46.8 
113.4 

2.73 
6.61 

10.8 
30.0 

.63 
1.75 

109.6 

6.39 

101.1 

5.89 
14.41 

247.1 

47.9 
2.2 

2.79 
.13 

129.7 

7.57 

154.7 

9.02 

315.9 
43.1 

20.07 
2.51 

89.8 
11.7 

5.24 
.68 

CaCOs 

Fe203+Al203.- 
FeC03 

4.5 

.26 
.17 

.48 

1.2 

.6 
10.4 

.07 
.04 
.60 

3.7 
2.0 
9.0 

.22 
,12 

.53 

3.2 

AL03 '..."... 

8.2 

7.2 
48.3 

.42 

2.80 

28.8 

1.68 

13.2 

.77 

Si02  

' 

1,086.6 

63.34 

972.9 

56.73 

1139.2 

66.45 

1031.6 

60.19 

746.9 

43.45 

227.1 

13.24 

J.  M 

.  L. 

J.  M 

.  L. 

A.  ] 

D.  E. 

J.  M 

.  L. 

D. 

K. 

D. 

K. 

104 


MINERAL   CONTENT   OF    WATERS 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

East  St.  Louis. 

St.  Clair 

11666  

Eldorado  Twp. 
McDonough  .. 
9125  .. 

Elgin 

Kane 

13784  

Dec.  4,  1905.... 
R.  R.  Parkin  .. 
Fox  river 

Elgin 

11168 

Date 

Dec.  9,  1903.... 
C.  Hagedorn.. 
80  feet 

June  3,  1901  ... 
H.  Leighty... 

731  feet 

Rock 

July  1,  1903.... 

Depth 

Spring 

Strata  

Gravel 

R  emarks 

Turbidity 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Distinct 

.2 
.000 

Little 

Color 

Yellow 

Earthy 

3 

Odor  

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

554.0 

3,911.6 
32  4 
2,070. 
9.4 
1.72 
.054 
.000 
.1 

333. 

321  6 

Loss  on  ignition 

36.4 

Chlorine  

28.8 
4. 
.656 
.082 
.012 
.308 

2.5 
8.3 
.116 
.352 
.004 
.40 
264.0 

6.5 

2  2 

Oxygen  consumed 

2  5 

fFree  ammonia.. 

•Mifrno-An  aa  J  Alb'   ammonia.. 
JN  ltro&en  as-i  n  itrites 

.28 

.036 

.000 

(^Nitrates 

000 

Alkalinity 

1,464.2 

2  2 

15.4 

34.0 

1.9 

2.1 

5.7 

.5 

2,070. 

.8 

-Sodium  Na 

30.7 

.8 

29.9 

176.1 

7.3 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

4 

Magnesium  Mg  

35.3 

66.7 

.5 

1.2 

5.2 

1.7 

2.5 

35.5 

33.4 

62  2 

Ferrous  Fe 

1  6 

Aluminium  Al 

2.5 

Silica  Si 

11.5 
1.4 

28.8 
64.1 

7.2 

Nitrate  NO, 

Chloride  CI 

2.2 

Sulphate  SO* 

8.3 

Hypothetical 


►d 

0 

as 

crq'O 

hd 
II 

O 

dp 

oqtJ 
jo  n> 

3£ 

Is 

O 
op  "a 

H3 

II 

a 
as 

&3   ("D 

Potassium  Nitrate 

.7 
20.1 

.04 
1.17 

2.8 
5.9 

.16 
.34 

Potassium  Chloride 

2.1 

.12 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Potassium  Carbonate ...... 

Sodium  Nitrate 

1.9 
49.5 
34.6 

.11 

2.89 
2.02 

Sodium  Chloride 

3,395.5 

1.1 

295.1 

196.94 

.06 

17.12 

2.2 

12.3 

5.6 

.13 

19.9 

1.15 

.72 

.33 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

2.9 

.17 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

5.9 

.34 

1.1 

.06 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

48.3 
70.4 
441. 
23.2 

2.82 

4.10 

25.72 

1.35 

27.6 
103.5 
166.8 

1.62 
6.03 
9.72 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

53.8 
85.0 

3.12 

4.93 

116.1 
155.4 

6.78 

9.07 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

3.9 
4.0 
12.2 

.23 
.23 
.71 

1.1 
2.2 
11.1 

.06 
.13 
.65 

3.4 
4.8 
15.3 

.20 

Alumina  

.28 

Silica 

24.4 

1.42 

.90 

Total 

696.2 

40.6 

3,877.3 

224.89 

340.7 

19.86 

318.3 

18.59 

Analyst 

P. 

B. 

A.  L 

.  M. 

J.  M 

.  L. 

P. 

B. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL  .] 

Wat  ers — C  ontinue  cl . 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


105 


Elgin    

Kane 

12022 

Elgin 

Kane 

12024 

May  5.  1904  .. 
G.  B.  Royer. 
Spring 

Elgin 

Kane 

8872 

May  6,'  1900. 

W.M.Anr's 

93  feet 

Rock  

Flowing... 

Decided  ... 
.35 
.000 

Elgin 

Kane 

8748 

Elgin 

Kane 

12909  

Feb.  11,1905 
R.R. Parkin 
1,300  feet  .. 
St.  Peter... 

Elgin 

Kane 

13785  

Dec.  4,  1905 
R.R. Parkin 
2, 000  feet  . . 
Rock 

May  5,  1904.. 
G.B.  Royer. 
Spring 

Nov.  6,  1900.. 
R.R.  Parkin. 
1,100 feet  .... 

St.  Peter 

Flowing 

Slight 

.000 
.000 

Very  slight.. 
2 

"!ooo 

Distinct 

.01 
.000 

Consid'ble. 
.4 
.000 

Decided  ... 

.4 
Putrid 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams    Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  o[perl,000c.c. 

1 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
perl, 000c. c. 

332.4 

329.2 

328.8 
22.4 
1.7 
2.8 
1.12 
.052 
.008 
.08 

353.6 
14.8 
5.8 
2.1 
.736 
.068 
.000 
.08 

365.0 

376. 

2.6 

2.8 
.038 
.060 
.000 

1.9 
3.2 

.688 
.064 
.002 

4.7 

2.65 

1.840 

.056 

.000 

.120 

3.5 
4.0 
1.080 
.192 
.OOU 
.24 
323.4 
10.5 
24.3 
1.4 
27.5 
65.9 
.5 
1.3 
4.7 
1. 
3.5 
8.1. 

7.7 

.9 

30.1 

66.1 

1.5 

3.8 

8.3 

3.4 

1.9 

10.1 

9.1 
32.9 

1.4 
34  0 
58.9 

1.9 

18.0 
48.0 

.9 
21.1 
50.6 

.7 

.1 
4.0 

.3 
5.8 
16.7 

7.0 
46.8 

4.3 

36.2 

69.5 

.4 

.8 

33.1 

48.9 

.7 

1.2 

3.9 

.6 

4.7 

15.9 

7.3 

.5 

2.6 

66.2 

6.6 

.3 

1.7 

4.6 

Combinations. 


►a 

Is 

Q 

dp 

opt) 

P  O 

"0 
S3  ™ 

O 

Cjpo 
(jqtt 

P  0> 

3* 

O 

CS 

i»g 

Cfq-O 
p  (t 

fi 

O 

CS 

P?g 

p  a> 

O 

ciS 

*0 

13  i-t 

O 

clS 

aq-a 

5.6 

4.0 

10.5 

.33 
.23 
.61 

.6 
3.6 
8.3 
5.9 

.03 
.20 
.48 
.34 

.5 
12.2 
25.5 

.03 
.71 

1.48 

.9 
9.9 
3.3 

.05 
.58 
.19 

1.7 

7.4 

12.2 

.10 
.43 
.71 

KN03 

KC1 

K2  S04 

K,C03 

Na  N03  .... 

NaCl 

Na2S04.... 
Na2C03.... 
(NH4)2  SO, 
(NH4)2C03 

MgS04 

MgC03  ••.. 
CaC03 

.8 

.05 

.25 

.47 

4.3 

8.0 

6.4 
13.0 

.37 

.76 

3.9 

107.7 

.22 

6.24 

20.9 
92.3 

1.22 

5.38 

2.1 
54.5 

.12 
3.18 

75.9 

4.40 

2.3 

.13 

3.7 

.21 

2  4 

.14 

3.7 

.22 

76.2 

4.44 
4.24 
10.12 

72.7 
173.5 

104.8 
165.0 

6.11 
9.62 

118.4 
147.1 

6.87 
8.53 

73.5 
127.5 

4.26 
7.39 

80.6 
122.3 

4.70 
7.13 

95.6 
164.7 

5.58 
9.60 

Fe2  03+Al2 

FeC03 

AL  03 

Si  Do 

O 

.8 
1.6 

.65 
.09 
.90 

3.0 

7  2 

17.7 

.17 

.42 

1.03 

3.9 

.23 

1.5 

.2 

8.5 

.08 
.01 

.49 

1.4 
2.2 

8.3 

.08 
.13 

.48 

1.0 

2.5 

10.0 

.06 
.15 

.58 

15.6 

14. 

.81 

353.5 

20.61 

339.5 

19.78 

381.4 

22.10 

363.4 

21.05 

342.1 

19.94 

355.4 

20.73 

J.  M.L. 

J.  M. 

L. 

A.R.J. 

A.  R 

1 

i. 

J.  M.L. 

J.  M.L. 

106 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS 


[BUIL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town     

Elkhart 

Elmhurst 

DuPage 

4349 

Nov.  8,  1898... 
A.  H.  Fisher.. 
Spring 

Eureka 

Woodford 

4172 

Cook. 

Laboratory  number 

13420 

2927 

Date 

Aug.  6,  1905.... 
J.  Oglesby.... 
Spring 

Oct.  4,  1898.... 
C.  B.  Radford. 
102  feet 

Nov    10,  1897 

Depth 

1602  feet. 

Sand 

Flowing 

Slight 

Turbidity 

Clear 

Slight 

Distinct 

.4 
.000 

Color          

.000 
.000 

.1 
Musty 

03 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

489.6 

472. 
38. 

.8 
2. 
.03 
.048 

.35 
2.8 
11.7 

432. 

48.0 

3.2 

3. 
.88 
.062 
.000 
.2 

23.0 

1.1 
42.1 
89.1 

1.3 

1.2 

12.7 

.9 

3.2 
15.0 

1178  8 

34 

9.8 

1.6 
.040 
.044 

1.88 

9.0 

96. 

3 

tvt^w^vo.,,  ocJ  Alb.  ammonia  . .. 

.64 
.016 

000 

^Nitrates 

.4 
31  9 

132.3 

57.2 

112.7 

.3 

2.6 

9.1 

.8 

10.0 

15.3 

40.4 

97  2 

.6 

17 

2.2 

1.5 

.8 

93.2 

47.5 

175.7 

Silica  Si 

3.5 

Nitrate  N03  

1.7 

Chloride  CI 

96.0 

Sulphate  S04 

537.2 

Hypothetical 


0  5. 

is 

C 

5»g 

jqn 

03  <T> 

Is 

Q  ■ 

fa  rt> 

Is 

O 
tJQ'O 

IS 

C 

9QT3 

4.9 

.29 

2.4 
1.7 
2.1 

.14 
.10 
.12 

1.5 
5.4 

.09 
.31 

2.8 
59  0 

IT 

3  44 

Sodium  N  itrate 

7.4 

16.5 
1.6 

.43 
.96 
.09 

Sodium  Chloride 

1.1 
22.2 
35.4 

.06 
1.29 
2.06 

111.7 

283.9 

6.52 

Sodium  Sulphate 

35.9 

2.09 

16.56 

Sodium  Carbonate 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

2.9 

.17 

2.2 

.17 

Magnesium  Chloride 

17.9 
186.3 

1.04 
10.87 

85.0 
81.0 

4.96 
4.72 

236.3 

13  79 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

146.6 

8.54 

Calcium  Chloride 

222.6 

275.5 

1.0 

12.98 

281.1 

16.40 

242.8 

14.16 

222.7 

13.00 

16.07 

.06 

0.6 

5.0 

19.3 

.04 

.29 

1.13 

1.3 
3.2 

4.6 

.07 
.18 
.27 

2.7 

2.2 

26.1 

.16 

.13 

1.52 

Silica 

7.4 

.43 

Total 

540.6 

31.54 

460.0 

26.81 

468.8 

27.33 

1,202.5 

70.19- 

Analyst. 


R.  W.  S. 


R.  W.  S. 


C.  R.  R 


BARTOW  ET.  AL.j 

Wat  ers — C  ontimied . 


WATEE   ANALYSES. 


107 


Everett . 
Lake  ... 

4134 

Sept.  26,1898 
J.O'Con'or 

177  feet 

White  Clay 


Distinct ... 
Whitish... 
ELS 


Everett 
Lake. .. 


Oct.  23,1905. 
J.  A.Seyl.. 

143  feet 

Rock  


Decided. 
HoS....'.' 


Fairbury  . 
Livingston 

10529 

July  31, 1902 
G.Y.McD'l 
Spring.. 


Slight. 

.i 

Musty 


Fairfield 

Wayne 

10920 

March  3,  1903. 
J.  M.  Rapp... 

1050  feet 

Sandstone 

Flowing 

Decided 

Muddy 

.000 


Fairfield. .. , 

Wayne 

10921  

Mar.  3,  1903. 
J.  M.  Rapp. 
825  feet 


Decided 
Muddy  .. 
Mouldy . 


Farmer  C'y 
De  Witt.... 


June  14.1898 
J.D.Ge'rh't 

175  feet 

Gravel 


Slight. 


.000 


Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c, 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 


Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 


420. 
48. 
9. 
1.8 
.30 
.06 
.000 
.2 
4.6 
75.8 
.5 
34.3 
27  7 
.15 
.6 
13.4 


1052. 


7.0 

39  6 
1.440 
.066 
.000 
.40 
9.1 
37.6 
1.85 
129.8 
119.9 
.4 
.7 
15.9 
1.7 
7.0 
419.6 


416.8 
69.2 
2.7 
3.95 
2.8 
.132 
.000 
.08 
2.5 
30.4 
3.6 
42.9 
75.8 
1.2 
.8 
6.3 
.3 
2.7 
7.4 


42696.8 
1254.4 
24000. 
134. 
10.8 
.32 
.000 
.64 
107.0 
13527.5 
13.6 
270.5 
584.9 


44517.6 
2494.8 
25500. 
102. 
8.8 
.554 
.009 
.151 
113.5 
13548.5 
11. 
331.8 
693.9 


719.6 
30.4 

118. 
11. 
3.2 


.000 


.9 

2.7 
24000. 
1.2 


6.9 


25500. 
11.7 


6.5 

185.3 

4.1 

24.4 

58.6 

1.9 

.4 

7.1 

.9 

118. 

2.4 


Combinations. 


►d 

C 

GfU 

pj  a 

►d 
3* 

Is 

O 

dp 

►d 

Is 

O 

cog 

ps  n 

►a 
3* 

§1 

Q 

CIS 

JQTJ 
P3  ft 

►d 

E^C/3 

O 

pj  a> 

►d 

3£ 

O 

e.3 

1.5 

7.8 

.09 

.45 

2.8 
1.5 
16.1 

.16 
.09 
.91 

.6 
4.3 

.04 
.25 

4.7 
201. 

.26 
11.73 

.9 
216. 

.  .05 
12.60 

1.5 
11.2 

.08 
.65 

KN03 

KC1 

K2SC-4 

NaNOs. ...... 

8.7 

.51 

5.74 
5.44 

1.2 
11.0 
60.5 

.07 

.64 

3.53 

34386. 

2005.90 

34439.3 

2009.01 

185.7 

3.5 

255.1 

10.83 

.20 

15.14 

NaCl 

98.5 

114.7 

6.69 

Na,SC>4 

93.4 

Na2C03.    .  .. 

40.4 

2.35 

32.7 

1.91 

(NHJC1 

(NH4),SOt... 

6.8 

.40 

1.3 

.07 

9.6 

.56 

10.9 

.63 

(NHJ2C03... 

MgCL 

MgSO"4 

MgCOs 

CaCL      

1064.5 

62.09 

1305.8 

76.18 

410.4 
164.2 

23.94 
9.58 

119.3 

6.96 

149.3 

8.71 

85.0 

4.95 

1486.1 

1.7 

121.3 

19.5 

86.70 

.10 

7.08 

1.14 

1912.8 
17. 
10. 
17.6 

111.59 

.99 

.58 

1.03 

CaS04     

69.1 

4.02 

299.7 

17.49 

189.3 

11.04 

146.4 

8.53 

CaCQ3 

Fe203+Al203 
Fe  COa 

.3 

.02 

.06 

1.66 

.8 

1.4 

33.8 

.05 

.08 

1.98 

2.4 

1.6 

13.4 

.14 
.09 

.78 

3.9 

.7 
15.1 

.22 
.04 

.87 

1.1 

A1,03 

28.6 

1.9 
754.9 

.11 

44.04 

14.6 

6634.8 

.86 
387.03 

SiO, 

429.6 

25.02 

1052.2 

61.37 

443.2 

25.85 

38082.0 

2221.5 

44601.5 

2601.84 

719.0 

42.41 

R.  ^ 

V.S. 

J.  M 

•  L. 

P 

B. 

P 

B. 

P.  B. 

R.  ^ 

V.S. 

108 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Farmington  ... 
Fulton 

Farmington  ... 
Fulton 

Flanagan 

Livingston  .. .. 
10804  

County 

Cook 

Laboratory  number 

11635  

11636  

11767.   . 

Date 

Nov.  25,  1903... 
Maplew'dC.C. 

Nov.  25,  1903... 
Maplew'dC.C. 

Dec.  17,1902.... 
H.  Oathout.... 
156  feet 

Jan.  23,1904... 

Own  er 

Brant  &  Noe 

Depth 

100  feet 

Strata 

Creek 

Gravel 

Slight...... 

Turbidity  

Decided 

Yellow 

.0 

Distinct 

Yellow 

Vegetable 

Color 

.4 
Musty  .   . . 

Muddy 

000 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

559.6 

662. 

610.4 
35.2 
15. 
6.1 
2. 
.118 
.000 
.16 
11.6 
181.2 
2.6 
12.3 
17.7 
.7 
1.2 
6.6 
.7 
15. 
92.2 

288  8 

2.0 
1.9 

.640 

.020 

.08 

12.8 
5.5 
.204 
.160 

1.105. 

27 

5  3 

Nitrogen  as.  JAlb.^arnmonia.. 

.198 
.088 
.0C3 

24 

Sodium  Na..". 

18.2 

.8 

44.4 

129.3 

62.8 

.3 

51.1 

93.8 

60  1 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

Magnesium  Mg 

9.9 

29.3 

Ferrous  Fe 

Silica 

6.9 

.3 

2.0 

99.0 

5.1 

4.9 

12.8 

180.8 

5.6 

Nitrate  N03  

.3 

Chloride  CI 

27. 

Sulphate  S04 

38.8 

Hypothetical 


*0 

p 

8L§ 

B  w 

ft 

O 

3£ 

\  is 

r  = 

1.1 
21.4 

.06 
1.25 

Potassium  Chloride 

Potassium  Sulphate 

.5 
3.3 
51.5 

.03 

.19 

3.01 

6.8 

21.1 

162.4 

.40 
1.23 
9.47 

.4 
44.6 
57.6 
54.7 

02 

Sodium  Chloride 

7.9 
136.5 
308.3 

.46 

7.96 

17.98 

2.60 

3  36 

Sodium  Carbonate 

3.19 

2.9 

.17 

1.1 

.06 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

6.9 

.40 

Magnesium  Nitrate  

Magnesium  Chloride  

Magnesium  Sulphate  

62.6 
110.5 

3.66 
6.45 

87.8 
116.3 

5.13 
6.79 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

43.3 

2.53 

34.4 

2.00 

323.1 
5.2 

18.85 
.30 

234.3 
2.2 

13.67 
.13 

44.1 

2.57 

71.8 
'     6.0 

4.18 

.35 

1.5 
1.1 
14.1 

.09 

Alumina 

.06 
.83 

Silica 

14.7 

.86 

10.8 

.63 

11.9 

1.02 

Total 

574.3 

33.52 

642.8 

37.51 

586.? 

34.19 

281.4 

16.72 

Analyst 

P. 

B. 

P. 

B. 

P. 

B. 

D. 

K. 

BARTOW,  ETAL.] 

Wat  ers — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


109 


Forest  Glen. 
Cook 

Forrest 

Livingston  .. 
2453 

Fort  Hill... 

Lake 

4178 

Oct.  5,1898. 
G.  Stanford 

154  feet 

Drift 

Franklin  Gr.. 
Lee 

Freeport  .. 
Stephenson 

4203 

Oct.  10,1898 
Jenks  Bros. 
Spring 

Galesburg.. 

Knox 

11980  

Apr.  25,1904 
W.B.McK. 
Brook 

11768  

4147 

Jan.  23,1904.. 
Brant  &  Noe. 
100  feet 

July  15,1897.. 
E.rt.  Armst'g 

31  feet 

Grav.  &  sand 
Distinct 

.3 

.000 

Sept.  30,1898. 
Dr.  A.  Grim.. 
Spring 

Decided  . .. 
.03 
.000 

Distinct 

.05 
.000 

Distinct 

Muddy 

.003 

.03 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

• 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

288.8 

436. 
26. 
12. 
2. 

.4 

.044 
.000 
.2 

282.4 

25.6 

2.3 

3.5 

.44 

.088 

.000 

.2 

3.7 

50.0 

.6 

17.2 

23.6 

.3 

.4 

7.3 

.9 

2.3 

75.2 

296.4 
37.2 

1. 

1.3 
.096 
.018 
.000 
.05 

1.6 

8.5 

255.2 
54. 

4. 

1,4 
.066 
.072 
.000 
.4 

4  2 

4.0 

433.2 

39. 
4.6 
.178 
.076 
.034 

■     .286 

7.4 

9.1 
.090 
.128 
.060 

9.94 

55.3 

11.6 

11.1 

15.6 
30.1 

80.2 

13.6 

99.2 
.5 
.8 

5.1 
.2 

1. 

4.8 

38.1 

77.6 

.16 

.6 

5.8 

1.7 

4. 

24.4 

29.9 
68.5 

4.7 
.3 
39. 
33.6 

8. 

.9 
12. 
82.8 

3.3 

43.9 

7.4 

61.8 

Combinations. 


►d 

Ellen 

II 

O 

ell 

3% 

*6 
3* 

£lcn 

fl 

O 

Clp 

/"CO 

p  n 

hd 
3q 

II 

O 

sis 

hd 

3£ 

«j  "a 

as 

hd 
3£ 

|g 

Q 

Cp 

5*"oa 
p  n 

1.5 
4.8 
1.3 

.09 
.28 
.07 

.4 
2.1 

.7 

.02 
.12 
.04 

2.8 
5.8 

.16 
.34 

KNO, 

K  CI 

K,S04 

.5 

.03 
3.75 
2.90 
2.16 

1.2 

19.8 
10.8 

.07 

1.15 

.63 

40.9 

2.38 

NaN03 

64.4 

2.6 
10.1 

.12 

.58 

NaCl    

....49.7 

110.2 

32.8 

6.42 
1.90 

6.5 
14.7 

.38 

.85 

Na2  S04   

37.1 

Na2  C04     

(NU4)2S04.... 
(NH4)2C03.... 

Mg(N03)2 

MgCl2 

MgS04 

MgC03 

CaS04.  . 

1.6 

.09 

16.5 

9.9 

77.3 

29.7 

.96 

.58 

4.51 

1.73 

86.7 
68.1 

8.6 
189.3 

4.4 

5.05 
3.96 

.50 
11.04 

.25 

22.0 
117.4 

1.28 
6.85 

54.4 

3.17 

59.8 

3.49 

45.1 

.  2.62 

75.2 

5.8 

4.38 
.34 

58.9 

3.43 

246.6 

14  38 

193.9 

11.31 

171.3 
2.7 

9.99 
.16 

CaCOa 

Fe„03+AL03. 

.6 

.7 
15.5 

.03 
.04 
.90 

1.1 

1.5 

10.8 

.06 
.09 

.62 

3.4 

1.1 

12.3 

.20 
.07 
.70 

FeCO, 



AL  03 

10.0 

.58 

17.1 

•  .99 

7.1 
81.9 

.41 
4.77 

SiO»...'.' 

297.1 

17.31 

406. 

23.64 

287.7 

16.74 

3"29.5 

19.18 

370.8 

21.61 

437.3 

25.49 

D.  1 

£. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

110 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Galesburg 

Knox 

Galesburg 

Knox 

Galesburg 

Knox 

Galesburg 

County 

Laboratory  number 

2780 

11981 

11982  

April  25, 1904... 
W.B.McKinl'y 

6500 

Date 

Oct.  11,1897.... 

C.  Isaacson 

Spring 

April  25, 1904... 
W.B.McKinl'y 

Dec.  11,1899  .,. 
D.  W.  Aldrich. 
1500  feet 

Depth ■ 

Strata 

Rock 

City  water 

Slight 

03 

Remarks 

City  water 

City  water 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

Color 

.3 
.000 

Odor  

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,U00c.  c. 

Total  residue 

348.8 
22.8 
3.5 
3.2 
.078 
.106 
.019 
4.25 
1.5 
20.3 

454.8 

963.2 

1454  8 

38  4 

Chlorine  

25. 

4.1 

1.600 
.078 
.001 
.08 

66.5 
3.5 
.320 
.046 
.100 
.38 

157  5 

1  9 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogenas^lb^ammonia.. 

.56 
.03 
09 

64 

Potassium  K 

18  5 

22.6 

2. 

37.3 

97.8 

130.8 

.5 

47.1 

130.1 

344  4 

7 

Magnesium  Mg  ..              

27.1 

39.2 
3.1 
2.9 

21. 

18.8 
3.5 

38.7 

38  6 

Calcium  Ca 

83  2 

42 

Aluminium  Al 

4 

Silica  Si 

6.4 
.3 
25. 
30.4 

5.8 

1.7 

66.5 

361.6 

4  9 

Nitrate  NG3 

2  7 

Chloride  CI 

157  5 

Sulphate  S04 

664  4 

Hypothetical 


3  3 

II 

fu>§ 

(JQtJ 

II 

a? 

•  3. 

33 

pi 

&5  ft 

33 

II 

crqw 

Potassium  Nitrate 

3.9 

.22 

4.5 
32.0 

.26 

Potassium  Chloride 

1.86 

Sodium  N  itrate 

22.5 

5.8 

36.9 

iii 

.33 
2.15 

.5 
41.3 
19.2 

.03 
2.40 
1.12 

2.3 

109.7 
267.2 

.13 

6.40 
15.58 

Sodium  Chloride 

234.3 
778.1 

13.67 

45.39 

Sodium  Carbonate 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

7.50 
9.40 
123.2 

.44 

.55 

7.18 

i.7 

224.7 
6.5 

.10 
13.10 

.38 

2.6 

171.0 

14.5 

.15 

Magnesium  Sulphate  

17.3 
82.3 

1.00 
4.79 

9.98 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

.85 

98.0 

5.72 

244.5 
9.5 

14.25 
.55 

325.8 
6.8 

18.99 
.40 

207.8 

12.11 

6.4 

5.5 

43.2 

.37 

.31 

2.51 

.9 

.8 

10.4 

.05 

.04 

Silica  ..   , 

13.7 

.80 

12.3 

.71 

.60 

Total 

321.8 

18.71 

468.8 

27.32 

957.0 

55.79 

1456.9 

84.96 

Analyst 

R.  V 

V.  s. 

D. 

K. 

D. 

K. 

R.  V 

i.  s. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Wat  ers — C  ontinued . 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


Ill 


Geneseo  .. 

Henry 

9171 

July  26,1901 
A.  Martin.. 
Spring 

Distinct .... 


Oilman , 

Iroquois . 

4987 

May  3. 1899.. 
Am.  Ex.  Co 

150  feet 

Sand 

Flowing-.  — 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 


Gilman.. 
Iroquois 


May  3. 1899 
Am. Ex-  Ag 
113  feet... 

Sand 

Flowing. 
Decided  . 
Yellow  .. 
.000 


Gilman 

Iroquois 

4989 

May  3. 1899... 
Am.  Ex.  Co. 

1746  feet 

Rock 


Decided  .. 

Yellow  ... 

.000 


Gilman  ..  .. 
Iroquois  ... 

5375 

Aug.14,1899 
I.C.R.R... 
1800  feet.... 
Rock 


Glassford  .. 

Peoria 

2533 

Ap.6,1897.. 
E.Arms'ng 
Spring 


Gravel. . 

Slight... 
.03 
.000 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 


Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 


396.8 
32.4 
4.6 
5.6 
.088 
.178 
.001 
.039 
1.7 
8.1 
.1 
32.7 
76.9 
.8 
3.1 
23.5 
.17 
4.6 


912.8 
61.6 
19.9 
2.2 
1.12 
.034 
.000 
.05 
5.0 
72.4 
1.4 
54.7 
137.4 
.5 
.9 


19.9 
335.4 


919.6 
70.4 
17.3 
2.2 
1.04 
.046 
.000 
.05 
5.1 
72.9 
1.3 
56.4 
141.0 
.6 
.5 
6.2 
.2 
17.3 


1748.4 
54.4 
751. 
4.6 
.8 
.    .056 
.000 
.05 
31.5 
504.2 
1. 
43.2 
96.2 
.6 
1.4 
2.7 
.2 
751. 
192.0 


.76 
i54j" 


53.3 
112.6 


17.8 

3.3 

147.5 

383.6 


427.2 
20.4 
4.0 
3.1 
.101 
.036 
.000 
.24 


13.3 


45.6 
97.9 


12.3 
1.0 
4. 

9.7 


Combinations. 


33 

fi 

O 

eg 

3  3 

til  en 

d2 

of 

33 

1| 

Q 

tfQ'O 

a:  co 

*T3 
33 

11 

Q 

as 

(K}t) 

5.3. 

11 

•  s 

33 
3:<« 

a  5 

O 
.ag. 

0QT5 

.3 

.02 
.19 

.4 
9.2 

.02 
.54 

.4 
9.5 

.02 

.55 

.4 
59.9 

.02 
3.49 

1 

KNO, 

3.2 



KC1 

4.6 
128.8 
177.0 

.27 

7.51 
9.94 

1.4 

6.6 

14.40 

13.10 

.08 
.38 

.84 
.76 

Na  NOa 

5.1 

18.8 

.30 
»    1.09 

25.5 
192.6 

1.48 
11.23 

21.1 

199.2 

1.22 
11.61 

1190.7 
109.9 

69.46 
6.41 

NaCl 

Na,  S04 

Na^  C03 

.4 

.02 

.90 

5.99 

5.1 

252.0 

14.1 

.30 

14.69 

.82 

4.7 

280.2 

.27 
16.33 

3.6 

143.8 

49.8 

.21 
8.38 
2.90 

(NHJ2S04.... 
MgS04 

15.6 

264.6 

15.44 

103.3 

158.5 

9.24 

MgC03 

CaSCL 

9.2 
345.3 

.54 
20.14 

74.3 

226.6 

7.2 

4.33 

13.21 

.42 

192.1 

11.14 

343.4 

20.02 

235.0 

13.71 

244.4 
3.2 

14.24 

.18 

CaC03 

Fe203  +  Al2  Oa 

1.6 

.09 
.34 

2.90 

1.0 

1.7 

14.4 

.05 
.10 

.83 

1.2 
1.0 
13.2 

.07 
.05 

.77 

1.3 
2.6 

5.8 

.07 
.15 
.34 

Fe  C03 

5.8 

AL  03 

50.0 

36.2 

2.11 

26.3 
467.9 

1.52 

Si  Oo 

398.2 

22.98 

859.4 

50.08 

885. 

51.57 

1802.8 

105.14 

919.3 

53.23 

27.24 

A.  L.  M. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

R.  W.S. 

R    W 

S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W 

r.  S. 

112 


MINERAL   CONTENT   OF   WATERS 


[BULL  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Glen  Ellyn 

DuPage  

10587  

Godfrey 

Madison 

13565  

Grafton 

Grafton 

Jersey 

5289 

County 

Laboratory  number 

5288 

Date , 

Aug.  27.  1902... 
W.J.  Catlin.. 

310  feet  .: 

Rock 

Sept.  18,1905... 
E.  M.  Caldwell 

June  23,1899... 
A.  W.  Palmer. 
Illinois  River  . 

Owner 

A.  W.  Palmer. 
Illinois  River  . 

Depth 

Strata  

Turbidity 

Slight 

Decided 

Muddy 

.000 

Decided 

Muddy 

.000 

Color 

.4 

Musty  . 

Muddy 

COO 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

375.2 

427. 

332. 
320.4 
11.6 
48. 
40. 
8. 
8.6 
11.1 
.064 
.352 
.288 
.064 
.022 
1.12 
3.1 
9.3 

345  6 

Dissolved 

306. 

39. & 

Loss  on  ignition 

34.4 

40 

34.4 

Suspended 

5  6 

Chlorine 

1.3 

1.9 
.624 
.032 

4.8 

2.0 
.338 
.054 

18  5 

Oxygen  consumed 

fFree  ammonia.. 
I  Alb.  ammonia  .. 

.064 
.352 
.256 

Nitrogen  as. <j        Suspended":.' 

.096 

.001 
.08 
3.3 

25.8 

.8 

29.4 

68.6 

1.1 

1.9 

7.4 

.000 
.04 
2.8 
24.7 

.017 

(.Nitrates 

1.12 

Potassium  K 

Sodium  Na 

3.2 

9.6 

Ammonium  (NHJ 

Magnesium  Mg 

31.2 

92.0 

2.0 

1.2 

11.1 

22.7 

53.2 

.3 

.6 

6. 

.8 

4.9 

8.6 

30.3 

22.9 

Calcium  Ca 

53.1 

Ferrous  Fe 

.5 

Aluminium  Al 

1.5 

Silica  Si 

6.3  v 

Phosphorus  P04 

.8 

Nitrate  N03 

.3 
1.3 

56.2 

2 

4  ".8 

21.9 

4.9 

Chloride  CI 

8.5 

Sulphate  S04 

30.6 

Hypothetical 


13 

3| 

2  2 

O 

p  n 

*0 

§2 

O 
jog 

H-*C0 

II 

trqtJ 
ft  a> 

O  O) 

O 

j»g 

OqtJ 

Potassium  Nitrate 

.6 

2.7 
3.7 

.04 
.16 
.22 

.4 
5.1 

.02 
.30 

5.4 

.31 

5.6 

.33 

Sodium  N  itrate 

2.2 

14.2 

9.6 

.13 

.83 
.56 

2.0 
14.0 
11.0 

.11 

Sodium  Chloride 

4.0 
32.5 
29  1 

.23 
1.90 
1.70 

.82 

Sodium  vSulphate 

79.7 

4.65 

.64 

.5 
1.7 

.03 
.10 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

31.3 
57.1 

1.82 
3.32 

28.9 
59.6 

1.68 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

102.5 

5.95 

109.0 

6.36 

3.47 

Calcium  Sulphate 

171.3 

10.0 

229.9 

13.41 

133.0 

7.75 

132.7 

7.73 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

2.3 

3.5 
15  8 

.13 

.2d 

.92 

4.2 

2.3 

23.8 

.25 

.13 

1.39 

.6 

1.2 

12.8 

1.8 

.08 
.07 
.75 
.10 

1.0 

2.8 

13.3 

1.8 

.06 

Alumina 

.16 

Sil  ica 

.78 

Potassium  Phosphate 

.10 

Total 

3S4.3 

22.40 

440.3 

25  69 

269.2 

15.67 

272.7 

15.88 

Analyst 

A.  D.  K. 

J.  M.  L. 

R.  W.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW  ET.AL.] 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


113 


Waters — Continued. 


Grafton 

Jersey 

5286 

June  24,1899. 
M.  M.  Scheff 

Spring 

Rock 

Grafton 

Jersey 

5287 

June'24,'i899". 

W.  Kirkp't'k 

30  feet 

Gravel 

Slight 

.01 
.000 

Grant  Park 
Kankakee  . 

12652  

Nov. 12, 1904 
W.S.Curtis 

78  feet 

Rock 

Granville 

Putnam 

10857  

Jan.  22,1903.. 
J.  Hershey.. 
Spring 

Greenville. 

Bond 

3948 

Aug.13,1898 

C.K.D'vs'n 

40  feet 

Sand 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Gridley.... 
McLean  ... 

2452 

July  16, 1897 
E.N.A'm'g 

56  feet 

S.  and  grav 
Distinct  . .. 
.1 
.000 

Distinct 

.03 
.000 

Decided  . .. 
Yellow  .... 
.000 

Distinct 

.4 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1000  c.c. 

272. 

306.8 

492.4 

520.8 

554.8 

654. 

11.2 

19.6 

82.4 

71.2 

16. 

9. 

1.4 
.002 
.05 

5.2 

1. 
.001 
.024 

10.8 
1.7 
.352 
.026 

5.2 
3.1 
.144 

.088 

24. 
1.1 
.004 
.01 

9. 
4.1 
1.04 
.110 

.000 
.2 
2.2 
11.6 

.000 
1.16 
2.7 
7.3 

.001 
.16 

""l2.'8"" 

.002 
.16 

2.0 

9.4 

.2 

55.1 

95.8 

1.7 

2.0 

6.3 

.000 
.8 
1.9 
27.8 

'*"40.*8'" 

111.0 

.2 

1.1 

13.6 

.032 
.9 

■"43.9"' 
1.37 

46.7 
87.2 

'"8*6"" 

20.8 

75.4 

.15 

.7 
8.2 

24.9 

89.0 

.3 

.6 

9.6 

43.3 

120.2 

2.8 

2.3 

8.7 

.9 
9 
15.3 

5.2 

5.2 

29.5 

.7 
10.8- 
73.9 

.7 

5.2 

101.1 

3.6 
24. 
77.1 

4.0 
9. 
191.2 

Combinations. 


O 

P  <T> 

O  -t 

p  n 

*d 
3| 

Is 

C 

apt? 

05  O 

11 

O 

dp 
MS" 

aqtJ 
p  0 

►d 

C 
CIS 

crqw 
p  n 

3* 

O 

ay 

p  (V 

1.5 

.09 
.19 

6.8 

.39 

1.1 

3. 

.06 
.18 

4.9 

.28 

KNOa 

3  2 

KC1 

K2S04  ... 

1.4 

8.4 

11.2 

.08 
.49 
.64 

.9 
18.1 
16.7 

.05 

1.06 

.97 

.8 
39.6 
37.1 

.05 
2.30 
2.16 

5.5 

14.8 
113.1 

.31 

.86 
6.59 

NaNO,  . 

12.4 
20.8 

.72 
1.20 

6.3 
21.3 

.37 
1.25 

NaCl .... 

Na2S04 

Na,C03 

.7 

.04 

4.9 

.28 

(NH4)„S04 

(NH4)2C03  .... 

1.6 
71.0 

.09 
4.14 

21 A 
67.6 

1.59 
3.94 

78.3 
96.0 

4  57 
5.60 

107.9 
115.9 

6.29 
6.76 

65.1 
96.4 

3.79 
5.62 

139.8 
64.0 

8.16 
3.73 

MgS04 

MgCOs 

CaS04         

188.4 

10.99 

222.3 

12.96 

300.3 

17.52 

239.3 

13.96 

277.3 

16.17 

216.6 
2.3 

12.70 
.13 

CaC03 

Fe203+Al203.. 
FeC03 

.3 

.02 

.07 

1.02 

<6 

1.2 

20.5 

.04 

.07 

1.19 

5.8 
4.3 
18.4 

.34 

.25 

1.05 

3.5 

3.7 

13.5 

.20 
.22 

.79 

.5 
2.0 

28.8 

.03 

.11 

1.68 

1.3 

A1203  .. 

17.5 

18.4 

1.07 

SiQ2 

K3P04 

318. 

18.  b3 

367.4 

21.39 

538.8 

31.41 

516.2 

30.12 

552.5 

32.19 

580.4 

33.83 

R.  W 

.S. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

J.M 

.L. 

P.  I 

3. 

R.  \ 

V.S. 

R.  ^V 

V.S. 

■8  G 


114 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.   10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Gridley 

McLean 

2636 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

12924  

Hamilton 

Hancock 

13093  . . 

Harrisburg 

Saline.. 

4024 

Date 

Aug.  7,1897.... 
K.  N.  Armstng 
50  feet 

Feb.  21,1905... 

H.  Brown 

Spring 

Apr.  20,1905  ... 
J.  W.  Dewitt.. 

700.f  eet 

Flowing  

Clear 

Sept.  1,1898.... 

L>epth 

275  feet 

Strata  

Turbidity 

Coarse  sand  . . . 

Distinct 

.2 

•ooo 

Limestone 

Clear 

Rock 

Slight 

.02 

Color 

Very  little 

.000 

.000 
.000 

Odor  ..     

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

551.6 
21.6 
3.7 
2.4 
1.36 
.062 
.000 
6.0 

338.8 

3610.8 

18287  2 

Loss  on  ignition 

372. 

11.5 
1.25 
.024 
.066 
.000 
6.8 

592.5 

7.75 

1.760 

.030 

.000 

.100 

11000. 

1 

fFree  ammonia.. 

Nitrnorpn  a<?  -/  Alb>  ammOnia   .. 

iMitrogenas.-j  Nitrites 

12.4 
.052 
000 

Lithium  Li 

.05 
1. 

4.5 

54.6 

3.2 
9.0 

28.8 
863.0 

332.1 

Sodium  Na 

641.9 

Ammonium  (NHJ  

15.9 

41.0 

90.1 

2.3 

.8 

9.2 

26,5 

3.7 

162.6 

22.8  . 
83.5 

84.8 

143.2 

.8 

6.2 

.9 

139.4 

201.3 

.8 

5.5 

9.3 
30.1 
11.5 

228.0 

2.3 

Nitrate  N03  

2 

Chloride  CI 

592.5 
1526.1 

11000. 

Sulphate  S(J4 

14.5 

m 

Hypothetical 


id 

I^ICO 

o 

►d 
3| 

Is 

Q 

el 

IS 

C 

►d 

i^Ico 

Q 

c!p 

Sal 

11.6 

.68 

8.2 

.47 

.4 
633.7 

.02 

Potassium  Chloride 

55.0 

3.21 

36.96 

26.7 

6.1 

138.6 

1.56 

.36 

8.08 

33.2 

1.94 

Sodium  Chloride 

934.4 
1521.9 

54.51 

88.78 

16318.8 

951.94 

Ammonium  Chloride 

47.2 

2.75 

15.4 

28.5 
45.8 

.90 

1.66 
2.67 

558.6 

32.58 

86.1 
82.6 

5.03 

4.82 

421.5 

24.59 

541.3 

31.57 

227.0 
191.0 

13.24 
11.14 

Calcium  Carbonate 

225.0 

13.12 

208.6 

2.2 

12.17 
.13 

15.2 

.88 

4.8 

1.2 

19.5 

.28 

.07 

1.14 

1.8 

11.6 

2.0 

.11 
.68 
.12 

1.6 
10.4 
4.8 
4.4 

.09 

.60 

Silica 

19.7 

1.15 

.28 

.25 

602.2 

35.14 

361.6 

21.09 

Total 

3366.2 

196.38 

18136.4 

1057.92 

Analyst 

R.  W.  S. 

J.  M.  L. 

J.  M.  L. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW  ET.   AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


115 


Harrisburg  .. 

Saline 

4025 

Sept.  1,1898.. 

Geo.  Burnett 

275  feet 

Limestone  .. 

Slight 

.02 
.000 


Harrisburg  .. 

Saline 

4026  ....• 

Sept.  1,1898.. 

Geo.  Burnett 

275  feet  

Limst.  &  coal 

Slight 

.03 
.000 


Harrisburg 

Saline 

4027 

Sept.  1,1898 
Geo.Burn't 
100  feet  .... 
C'l,lm'st,rk 
Distinct.... 
.4 
.000 


Harrisburg  . 

Saline 

9225 

July  29, 1901. 
H.  S.  Andsn 

104  feet 

Rock 

Decided  .... 

Yellow 

.000 


Harrisburg 

Saline 

9228 

July  29, 1901 

Wm.Chois. 

94  feet 

Sandstone . 

Slight 

.01 
.000 


Harrisburg 

Saline 

9229 

July  29,1901 
Wm.Chois. 
210  feet  .... 
Lmst.&s'd. 

Slight 

.01 
Musty 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
perl, 000c. c. 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.  c 


'Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c 


Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 


793.6 
10.8 
90. 
2.1 
.64 
.058 
.03 
.05 


13.7 

305.7 

.8 

5.9 

7.1 

1.5 


90, 


3644. 
170. 
1640. 
7.5 
2.56 
.048 
.000 
.2 


2664. 
172. 
12. 
1.9 
.4 

.024 
.000 
.05 


2007.2 
120.8 
22. 
4.3 


.048 
.000 


2964  8 
230. 
50. 
3.7 
.064 
.056 
.034 
.286 


774.8 

11.8 

78. 

4. 


.448 
.108 
.026 
.134 


58.1 

1080.1 

3.3 

90.2 

131.4 

1.0 

1.7 

3.1 

.9 

1640. 

224.4 


9.0 

77.2 

.5 

109.2 

357.4 

7.6 

.8 

23. 

.2 
12. 
154.05 


3.0 

35.0 

.5 

101.9 

351.5 

9.0 

3.2 

31.0 

.3 

22. 

962.4 


3.7 

148.9 

.1 

91.9 

547.4 

.5 

1.4 

11.7 

1.3 

50. 

1431.0 


2.7 

304.1 

.6 

8.6 

8.7 


78. 
16.3 


Combinations. 


►0 

ll 

o 

CIS 

0  >-i 

0 

el 

►d 

0  ™ 

Q 

Cjpj 

Grains  per 
U.S.  gal. 

Parts  per 
million  .. 

3£ 

IS 

Q 

el 

*d 
3| 

Si 

0 
j»g 

el 

.4 
25.8 

.02 
1.50 

1.5 
109.8 

.08 
6.40 

.4 
16.8 

.02 
1.00 

.6 
5.2 

.03 

.30 

2.0 
5.5 

.12 

.32 

1.0 
4.4 

.06 
.26 

KNOs 

KC1 

NaN03  .... 

128.0 

12.8 
578.7 

7.47 

.77 

33.75 

2616.5 
158.9 

152.63 
9.27 

6.6 

230.1 

.38 
13.42 

32.1 
92.0 

1.86 
5.34 

78.1 
364.6 

4.53 
22.15 

12.5 

24.1 

671.2 

.73 

1.40 

39.14 

NaCl 

Na,S04 

Na,  C03 ... 

(NHJC1 

(NH4)oS04..... 
(NHJ2C03.... 
Mg  Cl2  

12.1 

.70 

1.8 

.10 

1.8 

.10 

.4 

.02 

2  1 

.12 

1.4 

.08 

T.20 

133.8 
220.0 

7.80 
12.83 

542.7 

31.65 

506.7 

29.39 

456.6 

26.48 

MgSQ4  

MgC03 

CaCL 

20  6 

29.8 

1.74 

1175.2 

28.6 

68.55 
1.66 

700.1 
363.4 

40,61 
21.08 

1146.0 
524.8 

65.47 
30.44 

CaSd4 

17.8 

1.04 

328.2 

19.15 

21.8 
2.6 

1.27 
.15 

CaC03 

Fe303+Ala03. 
FeCOa  .... 

3.0 

.17 
.03 
.59 

2.1 
3.2 
6.6 

.12 

.18 
.38 

15.7 

1.6 
47.2 

.91 

.09 

2.75 

18.7 
6.0 
64.2 

1.08 

.35 

3.72 

1.0 

2.6 
25.0 

.06 

.15 

1.45 

.6 
10.3 

i2^2 

'"'.72 

ALO3 

Si  0>... 

800.1 

46.66 

3592.7 

209.54 

2066.7 

120.53 

179G.8 

103.86 

2606.6 

151.19 

781. 

45.55 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.S. 

A.  L.  M. 

A.  L.  M.    [    A.  I 

).  E. 

116 


MINERAL    CONTENT   OF   WATERS 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Havana 

Mason 

Havana 

Mason ......... 

Havana 

County 

2882 

4297-8  

7539-40  

2455 

Date 

Nov.  1,1897.... 
M.  Newberry  . 
Illinois  R 

Nov.  1,1898.... 
Same 

Aug.  25,1900... 
Chas.  Logue  .. 
Illinois  R 

June  30,1897 

Owner 

C.  A.  Kofoid 

Depth 

Illinois  R 

52  feet 

Strata  

Sand      

Remarks 

Turbidity 

Decided 

Muddy 

.090 

Decided 

Muddy 

.000 

Decided 

Muddy 

.000 

Color 

Yellow 

Odor 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

384.8 
362.4 

22.4 

30. 

27.6 
2.4 

63. 

12.1 

.48 

.16 
1. 

.7 

444. 

370.8 
73.2 
30. 
28. 

2. 
29. 

7.4 

.4 

.16 
.04- 
.35 

298.0 
251.2 

46.8 

36.8 

25.2 

11.6 

14.0 

11.4 

.416 

.096 

.04 

.6 

450. 

42. 

18. 

5.4 

I  Alb.  ammonia. .. 

1.76 
.118 

Nitrogen  as. -j        gS^Sk'.] 
I  Nitrites 

.000 

^  N  itrates 

.064 

.01 

4.6 

26.3 

2.8 

28.9 

60.0 

.15 

.9 

14.8 

1.5 

28.9 

52.8 

1.1 

6.9 
45.8 

1.7 
27.6 
56.0 

1.5 

4.8 
12.5 

3.1 
63. 
42. 

2.5 

3.5 

14.9 

.6 

41.5 

107.1 

3.2 

3.7 
13. 

3.7 
14. 
43.5 

2.1 

20.4 

19.0 

Calcium  Ca 

69.5 

Ferrous  Fe 

1.2 

7.8 

Silica  Si 

8.8 

Nitrate  NOs 

21.7 

Chloride  CI 

18. 

Sulphate  S04 

77.1 

.5 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


117 


Havana 

Mason 

3752 

Hennepin. .. 

Putnam  

3761 

July  23,1898.. 
J.  H.Seaton. 

800  feet 

St.  Peter 

Hennepin. 
Putnam .... 

3826 

July  15,1898 
J.M.Sto'fF'r 

105  feet 

Sand&g'v'l 

Herrin 

Williamson  . 
13732  

Hi'hl'd  P'k 

Lake 

5609 

A.ug.10,1899 
W.  Tillm'n 

135  feet 

Shell  rock.. 
Flowing. .. 
Slight 

.01 

.000 

Hi'hl'd  P'k 

Lake 

6103 

Oct.  17,1899 
R.  Tillman 

168  feet 

G'vl  &  s'nd 
Flowing. .. 
Slight 

.02 

-.000 

June  28,1898. 
C.  A.Kofoid. 

75  feet 

Sand. .. ; 

Nov.  8,1905.. 
C.&C.  C'ICo. 

20feet 

Drift 

City  supply.. 
Slight 

.02 

.000 

Slight 

.03 
Sour 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Decided 

.8 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

191.2 

2920.4 

344.4 

1022. 

420.8 

570.4 

16. 

14. 

20. 

41.6 

22. 

2.2 

1.3 
.001 
.008 

1200. 
6. 
.826 
.032 

3. 
1.3 

.000 
.01 

2.4 

7.0 
.096 
.204 

14. 
1.6 

29. 
.022 

11. 
1.6 
.474 
.036 

. 

.002 
.55 

.000 
.2 

.666 

.5 

.006 
.08 
168.4 

.000 
.16 

.666 

.01 

1.2 

4.9 

26.9 

1092.4 

1. 

6.9 

143.4 

.3 

.5 

3.3 

.9 

1200. 

199.2 

1.7 
12.1 

12.5 
117.4 

2.6 

76.7 

.4 

24.2 

33.8 

Trace 

.7 

6.7 

.7 

14. 

188.5 

2.7 

72.7 

.6 

45.8 

49.3 

.3 

.4 

8. 

14.0 

39.5 

.3 

30.0 
71.6 

44.6 

96.9 

4.3 

2.8 

19.1 

.3 

2.4 

575.4 

.3 

13.3 
2.4 

9.0 

2.2 

3. 

17.7 

2.2 

20.9 

11. 
276.9 

118 


MINERAL    CONTENT   OF   WATERS 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Hypothetical 


Town 

Havana 

2882 

Havana 

4297-8  

Havana 
7539-40 



Havana 
2455  .... 

£-03 

O 

Cp 

cog 

(Wo 

5.3- 

O 

oq-O 

Is 

0 

5»g 

out) 

O 

Cjo 
apt) 

&LCD 

Potassium  N  itrite 

6.1 
5.1 

3.7 

.35 
.29 
.22 

2.4 

4.4 

.14 

.25 

6.0 

2.2 

.35 
.13 

5.4 

31 

Potassium  Sulphate  

25.2 

29.7 
5.8 

1  46 

Sodium  Chloride 

100.9 
17.4 

5.88 
1.03 

44.2 
27.5 

2.57 
1.60 

21.4 
20.1 

1.24 
1.16 

1.73 

.34 

6.2 

.36 

10.2 

.59 

2.2 

.13 

31.0 

74.0 

1.8 
4.32 

33.4 
77.3 

1.94 
4.51 

35.5 
69.7 

2.07 
4.06 

91.6 
3.0 

5.33 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

.17 

Calcium  Carbonate . 

137.8 

8.03 

150.3 

8.77 

267.5 

15.60 

173.6 

10.11 

3.2 
9.0 
26.1 

.18 

.52 

1.51 

.3 

1.7 

31.6 

Trace.. 

2.4 

.02 

.10 

1.83 

Trace. . 

6.6 

7. 
27.6 

.38 

.40 

1.60 

2.6 
14.7 

.18.7 

.15 

.86 

Silica 

1.09 

.14 

Total 

420.8 

24.49 

385.7 

22.46 

466.5 

.7 

27.16 
.04 

370.3 

21.55 

Analyst 

R.  A 

N.  S. 

R.\ 

V.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  \ 

V.S. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


119 


Combinations. 




Hennepin. .. 
3761 

Hennepin. 
3826  ........ 

Herrin . 
13732  . . . 

Hi'hl'd  P'k 
5609 

Hi'hl'd  P'k 
6103 

3752  .... 

33 

Is 

Q 

OQ'O 

33 

11 

j»g 

3| 
P 

0 

33 

11 

O 

h3 

■ 

KNO, 

3  2 

.18 

1.5 
50.2 

.08 
2.92 

3.5 

.6 

.20 
.03 

.6 

5.0 

21.5 

.04 

.29 

1.26 

1.1 

4.1 

.06 

.24 

KNO, 

5.1 

.30 

K  CI .'."'.' 

K„S04 

6 

.03 
.21 
.59 

Na  NO,' 

3  6 

1938.2 
294.6 
540.2 

113.05 
17.18 
31.50 

4.4 

26.3 

4.2 

.25 

1.53 

.24 

19.8 
213.0 

1.15 
12.42 

14.2 

207.0 

.83 
12.07 

NaCL. 

10.3 

362.1 

21.12 

Na„S04 

Na,  CO, 

1.5 

.09 

2.2 

.13 

(NH4),  SO.  .. 

2.6 

.15 

(NH4K  CO, 

17.4 

1.01 
2.13 

221.7 

12.93 

46.6 
51.4 

2.71 

2.99 

169.3 
40.9 

9.87 
2.38 

Mg  S04 

36.5 

24.1 

1.40 

104.4 

6.08 

MgfC03 

CaS04 

200.4 
94.8 

11. 6f 
5.53 

98.6 

5.74 

36.8 

2.15 

178.9 
4.3 

10.43 
.25 

84.5 

4.93 

123.2 

7.18 

CaC03 

Fe203+AloOs 
Fe  C03  .... 

.6 

.03 
.03 

1.66 

.6 
1.0 

7.2 

.03 
.06 
.42 

9.0 

5.2 

40.6 

.52 

.30 

2.37 

.6 

.7 

17.1 

.03 
.04 
.99 

.6 

1.4 
14.2 

.08 
.82 

AL  03 

28.4 

19.1 

1.10 

Si  O, 

Li . 

K3  P04 

199.8 

11.60 

2897. 

168.94 

345.7 

20.11 

960.9 

56.05 

437.6 

25.49 

580.3 

33.82 

Mn02  .. 

R.  W 

.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  T 

N.  S. 

J.  M.  L. 

R.  V 

V.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

120 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town  

Highland 

Madison 

13677  

Hillsboro 

Montgomery.. 

5707 

Apr.  23,  1899... 

S.  Canady 

39  feet 

Hillsboro 

Montgomery.. 
2132 . 

Du  Page 

11047 

Laboratory  number 

Date 

Oct.  18,1905.... 
H.Brew'ngCo. 

246  feet 

Rock 

Apr.  21,1897.... 

Dr.  Moyer 

85  feet 

May  7,1903 

P  Rudnick 

Depth 

173  feet 

Strata 

Capacity 

7  gal.  per  hour. 
Flowing 

Remarks 

Turbidity  . 

Distinct 

.4 
Oily 

Slight 

Distinct 

.15 
.000 

Color 

.01 

.000 

Cloudy 

ooo 

Odor.           

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

1670. 

4943.6 
505.6 
162. 
1.9 
.002 
.07 
.000 
30.4 

369.9 

951.6 

34. 

312. 

9. 

3.44 
.14 
.000 
.04 
4.0 
319.1 

491  2 

Loss  on  igniton 

44  4 

665.0 
5.7 
.640 
.084 
.008 
.20 

624.9 

85 

2  7 

Nitrnirpn  a«  j  Alb.  ammonia.. 

.6 

.028 

.001 

t  Nitrates 

08 

Sodium  Na 

2.7 

17  7 

.8 

27.3 

1.1 

2.3 

13.4 

.9 

665. 

64.4 

503.5 

.5 

.8 

10.7 

134.5 

162. 

2580.0 

17.6 
30.0 

6.2"" 

.17 
312.0 
.4 

42  0 

89.8 

Ferrous  Fe 

2  0 

1  9 

Silica 

7,5 

3 

Chloride  CI 

.85 

Sulphate  S04 

67.6 

Hypothetical 


B» 

Q 

CIS 

II 

l— CO 

a  3 

Q 

jag 

m  ft 

id 

B  ft 

Cjcn 

B  J5 

Q 
clS 

Potassium  Nitrate 

1.5 
15.5 

.09 
.89 

2.4 

.14 

.3 
7.4 

.02 
.43 

.6 
1.7 
3.5 

.04 

Potassium  Chloride 

.10 

.20 

182.4 
267.0 
665.0 

10.64 
15.58 
38.53 

Sodium  Chloride 

1085.0 
95.3 
385.2 

63.29 

5.56 

22 .47 

508.9 

.6 

272.8 

29.68 

.03 

15.91 

Sodium  Sulphate 

52.9 

3.08 

Sodium  Carbonate 

Ammonium  Chloride 

2.9 

.17 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

Magnesium  Chloride 

2013.0 

117.42 

34.8 
121.8 

2.03 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

46.0 

2.68 

61.3 

3.57 

7.11 

Calcium  Sulphate ^ 

736.8 
716.1 

42.97 
41.77 

Calcium  Carbonate 

68.2 

3.98 

75. 
2.3 

4.36 
.13 

224.3 

13.08 

2.3 
4.3 

28.6 

.13 

.25 
1.67 

1.1 
1.6 

22.8 

.06 

.09 

1.32 

4.2 
3.5 
16. 

7.2 

.25 

,20 

Silica 

13.1 

.76 

.93 

Suspended  matter 

.42 

1731.9 

Totals 

101.01 

4608.2 

268.52 

941.7 

54.89 

473.4 

27.61 

Analyst 

J.  M 

.  L. 

R.  V 

/.  S. 

C.  F 

.  R. 

P. 

B. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Waters — Continued . 


WATEK   ANALYSES. 


121 


Hoopston  ... 

Hoopston  . .. 

Hope     

Huntsville... 

Hyde  Park 

Ipava  

Vermilion ... 

Vermilion  ... 

Vermilion  . 

Schuyler 

Cook 

Fulton 

10916  

13588  

9769 

Nov.  1,1901 

3481 

10385  

May  19,  1902 

10433  

June  23,1902 

Mar.  3,1903... 

Sept.  25,  1905. 

Apr.  19,  1898. 

A.Honeyw'll 

Mrs.  Rodm'n 

Ludwig.. .. 

L.  F.  King.. 

Mathews. .. 

C.  Marshall 

106  feet 

Drift 

107  feet  .... 

288  feet  .... 
Rock....... 

1,088  feet... 
Lime  stone 

' 

Spring 

Drift 

Quicksand  .. 

Flowing . .. 

Slight 

Decided 

V.  Slight... 

Decided 

V.  Slight... 

V.  Decided 

.000 

Yellow 

.01 

.03 

.000 

Yellow 

.000 

Putrid 

.000 

.000 

.00 

.000 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams  Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  l.OOOc.c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

perl.OOOc.c. 

perl,000c.c. 

344.8 

379.0 

2114. 

344. 

182.4 

2322. 

34.8 

43.6 

28. 

9.6 

47.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1250. 

5. 

16. 

535. 

1.9 

2.75 

9.9 

1.6 

1.4 

17. 

.252 

.752 

1.4 

.184 

.16 

1.12 

.040 

.13 

.032 

.042 

.016 

.000 

.000 

.001 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.16 

.08 

.12 

.6 

.11 

1 

2.7 

4.1 

102.3 

2.8 

5.1 

23.2 

75^.4 

.3 

1.8 

.23 

.2 

1.4 

6.3 

54.0 

81.0 

72.9 

72.8 

84.0 

12.4 

121.7 

.6 

.15 

.3 

.9 

.3 

.4 

.8 

.7 

.7 

7.7 

6.5 

3.8 

11.2 

4.3 

4.2 

.7 

.3 

.6  . 

2.7 

.5 

.5 

1.2 

1.2 

1250. 

5. 

16. 

535. 

23.7 

10.4 

54.9 

18.4 

12.0 

758.1 

Combinations. 


5.3 

D  2 

Q 

CIS 

h3 

II 

Q 
dp 

ELS 

ha 

ft 

PS. 

* 
Coo 

li 

P3. 

Su  ft 

"0 

a  " 
2.3 

O 
CSS 

1.1 

2.5 
2.2 

.06 
.15 
.13 

.6 
2.5 
5.7 

.04 
.15 
.33 

.9 
194.6 

.05 
11.35 

4.3 
1.7 

.25 
.10 

.7 
9.4 

.04 
.55 

.7 
43.9 

.04 
2.56 

KN03 

KC1 

K„S04 

NaN03 

1885.1 

109.97 

6.9 
27.3 
35.4 

.40 
1.59 
2.06 

19.1 

17.8 
66.2 

1.12 
1.04 
3.86 

848.3 
674.9 

49.48 
39.37 

NaCl 

33.4 

1.95 
.30 

10.8 
104.5 

.63 
6.09 

NaoSO.  .... 

5.1 

Na,C03 

5.3 

.31 

NH4C1 

5.1 

.30 

(NH4)2S04 

.8 

.05 

.6 

.04 

(NH,)2C03 

MgCl2  

MgS04 

MgCOa 

CaS04 

83.4 
48.9 

4.86 
2.85 

268.2 

15.64 

122.6 

7.15 

48.1 

2.81 

119.5 

6.97 

22.5 

1.31 

22.4 
165.4 

1.30 
9.65 

118.5 
217. 

1.8 

6.92 

12.65 

.11 

202.5 

11.82 

182.2 

10.63 

209.8 

12,24 

31.1 

1.82 

CaCOs 

Fe2034Al203.. 
FeCCV 

1.3 

.08 
.04 
,95 

.3 

1.5 

13.8 

.02 

.09 
.81 

.6 
1.4 

8.0 

.04 
.08 
.47 

2.0 

.11 

.6 
1.3 

9.2 

.03 
.08 
.54 

.7 

Al2Os 

16.4 

22.2 

1.29 

9. 
22.6 

.53 
1.32 

SiO, 

388.6 

22.68 

370. 

21.6 

2416. 

140.93 

429.7 

14.55 

177.9 

10.39 

2210. 

128.92 

P.  B. 

J.  M.  L. 

A.  D.  E. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  D.  E. 

A.  D.  E. 

122 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.  NO.  10> 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Jacksonville  .. 

Morgan 

3726  .... 

Jacksonville  . . 

Morgan 

3970 

Fulton 

Morgan 

5107 

Laboratory  number  

10489  

Date 

June  30,  1902... 
W.  T.  Branson 
768feet 

July  23,1898.... 
S.  Dunlap 

Aug.  18 

D.  Seligman  .. 

May  25, 1899.... 
W.McLa'ghlin 
Spring 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata  

Rock  

Sand ... 

Remarks  

Same  as  3970 

Turbidity 

Slight .... 

Slight... 

000 

Color • 

.05 
.000 

.02 
.000 

01 

Odor 

Vinegar 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

4060. 
26. 
2075. 
7.1 
1.4 
.064 
.005 
.795 
19.3 

1.8 

20.3 

37.7 

.9 

.6 

3.4 

.4 

2075. 

1.3 

339.6 
29.2 
6.0 
1.3 
.136 
.04 
.000 
.2 
1.5 

.2 

32.3 

78.0 

.8 

.3 

5.9- 

.9 

6. 

24.4 

374.8 

54. 

9. 

2.              i 
.134 
.052 
.005 
1. 
1.2 

416  8 

38  4 

Chlorine  

10  2 

1  8 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.-!  Alb^mmonia.. 

.02 
.02 
015 

3  2 

2  8 

9  6 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

29.9 

70.7 

.07 

1.7 

4.1 

4.4 

9. 

14.8 

37.6 

89  9 

Trace 

Aluminium  Al 

.4 

11.2 

Nitrate  N Oa , 

14.1 

Chloride  CI 

10.2 

Sulphate  S04 

8.6 

Hypothetical 


3£ 

den 

IS- 

Q 
0q*O 

Is 

-       $ 

e?§T 

30.-0 
ja  n 
I— "t 

3£ 

dec 

II 

Q 
oq-o 

den 

11 

O 

OQTJ 

JO  ft 

Potassium  Nitrate 

5.8 
32.3 

.34 
1.9 

1.5 
1.7 

.09 
.10 

3.2 

.18 

7.3 

.42 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Nitrate 

3  3 

14.8 
W.9 

.19 
.86 
.87 

13.2 
15.3 

.77 

Sodium  Chloride 

3398.3 

1.9 

410.5 

198.2 
.11 
23.93 

8.6 
21.3 

.50 
1.24 

.89 

Sodium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Caabonate 

Ammonium  Nitrate 



■ 

.5 

.03 

4.8 

.28 

Magnesium  Nitrate 

Magnesium  Chloride 

.9 

10.8 

122.6 

.05 

M agnesium  Sulphate 

12  1 
103.9 

.70 
6.06 

6.0 

99.7 

.35 
5.81 

.63 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

70.6 

4.11 

7.15 

Calcium  Carbonate 

94.3 
1.9 
1.2 

7  2 

5.49 
.11 
.07 
.42 

194.8 

1.6 

.5 

12.5 

11.36 
.09 
.03 
.73 

175.2 

.1 

3.1 

8.7 

10.21 

.08 
.18 
.51 

224.6 

13.10 

Alumina 

.7 
23.1 

.04 

1.34 

Total 

4028  8 

234.96 

359. 

20.93 

329.0 

19.24 

418.5 

24.39 

Analyst 

P.  R. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


123 


Jacksonville 

Morgan 

7811    

June  29,  1900 
O.  K.  Taylor 
Spring-.... 


Slight.. 
Turbid. 
Musty  . 


Jacksonville 
Morgan 


Feb.  6,  1901.. 
Wm.  Carson 

Spring 

Gravel 


Very  slight. 
.01 
.000 


Jacks'nv'le 
Morgan  .... 

9218 

Aug.  9,1901 
Hy.  Ricks. 
Spring 


Decided  .. 
.02 
.000 


Jacksonville 

Morgan 

10734  

Nov.  1,  1902.. 
S.  Dunlap  . .. 
Spring 


Slight. 
Putrid 


Jacks'nv'le 
Morgan.... 

11924  

Mar.  31, 1904 
E.Tichner. 

Spring 

2l 


Gravel 


Slight. 


.2 
.000 


Jacks'nv'le 
Morgan  .... 

3712 

June  21,1898 
H.S.Uph'm 
3110  feet.... 

Rock 

Flowing . . . 
Distinct.... 
.02 
.000 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 


344.4 
37.6 
4. 
3.3 
.152 
.072 
.000 
.28 
2.8 
39.8 
.2 
31.3 
28.2 
2.6 
2.2 
15.5 
1.3 
4. 
12.9 


397.2 
27.2 
4.8 
2.5 
.024 
.05 
.000 
7. 
3.2 
6.1 
.03 
22.6 
80.6 


8.4 
31.0 


10.1 


5102.4 

18. 
2675. 
18.4 
1.68 
.154 
.000 
.16 
4.6 
1963.5 
2.2 
11.1 
17.3 
.5 
1.8 
7.8 
.7 
2675. 


344.4 
39.6 
6. 
2.7 
.13 
.166 
.000 
.16 
1.5 
11.1 
.2 
33.4 
79.6 
1.2 
.9 
7. 

.7 
6. 
24.4 


441.6 


6.0 

1.4 
.024 
.052 
.000 
.08 

7.5 
57.1 


46.7 

96.1 

3.1 

5.8 

4.7 

.3 

6. 

53.5 


2466. 

10.4 
1000. 
4.6 
1.2 
.022 
.000 
.5 
32.7 
678.6 
1.5 
45.4 
123.0 
2.6 
1.3 
6. 
2.2 
1000. 
439.7 


Combinations. 


a  ™ 

O 

dp 
jag 

09   ft> 

'-d 
3£ 

Is 

O 

'rxP 

09  n 
1— 1-1 

a  2 

O 
Wg 

09  <T> 

■■d 

Is 

Q 

opt? 
09  n> 

hd 
3* 

II 

C 

d09 

cag 

crptJ 

09  <T> 

3* 

Is 

OS 

jag 

30.  "0 

09  n> 

2. 

.12 
.24 

8.3 

.48 

1.1 

7.9 

.06 
.46 

1 1 

2.1 

.06 
.12 

.6 

12.6 

1.5 

.03 
.73 
.09 

3.5 
59.9 

.20 
3.50 

KNO3 

4. 

K  CI 

K9  S04  . 

22.5 

1.30 

NaNO, 

3.5 

.20 
1.12 
4.35 

.01 

4402.1 
1.2 

532.5 

255.32 

.07 

30.89 

8.3 
24.3 

.48 
1.42 

"H'.9 

27.4 

'"4 '.54 
1.59 

1601.0 
150.4 

93.38 

8.77 

Na  CI 

19.2 

Na,  S04 

74.4 

A3 

"".6i 

Na,  C03 

.1 

(NH4)  N03 

.7 

.04 

5.5 

.30 

(NH4)o  SO. 

5.9 

.34 

(nh4):co3.... 

Mg(NOs)o 

Mg  CL  ...". 

.5 

.02 

10.4 
6.4 

.60 
.37 

9.5 
109.4 

.55 
6.38 

162^5 

"9.47 

225.9 

13.17 

MgS04  

MgCOs 

108.8 

6.36 

68.6 

14.3 

191.0 

3.98 

.83 

11  08 

38.4 

2.23 

217.6 

147.5 

5.3 

2.4 

12.8 

12.69 

8.59 

.30 

.14 

.75 

Ca  S04 

159.6 

9.33 
.32 
.24 

1.82 

43.2 
1.0 
3.3 

16.5 

2.51 
.05 
.19 

.96 

199. 
2.4 
1.7 
14.9 

11.61 
.14 
.10 

.87 

240.0 
6.4 
10.8 
10.0 

14.00 
.37 
.63 

.58 

CaCO, 

5.5 

Fe  C03  .. 

4.1 

Al2  03 

31.2 

17.8 

1.03 

Si  Oo 

412.8 

24.12 

339.4 

19.68 

5053.1 

293.08 

373.4 

21.77 

549.7 

32.03 

2431.8 

141.79 

A.  R 

.J. 

A.R.J. 

A.  L.M. 

P. 

B. 

D.  K. 

R.  W.  S. 

124 


MINEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Jacksonville.. 

Morgan 

3713 

June  21,1898... 

H.S.  Upham.. 

3,028feet 

St.  Peter 

Flowing 

Distinct 

.02 
.000 

Jacksonville... 

Morgan 

11888 

Jersey  ville 

Jersey  ville 

Jersey 

3750 

County 

Laboratory  number 

10192  

Date 

Mar.  19,1904.... 

F.  Sibert 

3,100feet 

St.  Peter 

Flowing 

June  21,1902.... 
J.J.Miller.... 
40  feet  

June  27,1898.. 

Depth  ...  

1,468  feet    . 

Strata 

Rock    

St.  Peter . 

Remarks 

City  supply.... 

Slight 

01 

Turbidity 

Color 

.4 
.000 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

2,520. 
36. 
1,000. 
5.4 
1.2 
.016 
.000 
.6 
33.3 
698.8 
1.5 
44.5 
120.1  ' 
1.0 
.8 
6.5 
2.6 
1,000. 
435.3 

2,482.4 

3,019.6 
83.2 
1.195. 
8.2 
.112 
.118 
.95 
7.85 

2,624.4 

Loss  on  ignition 

30.8 

961.5 
8.3 
.64 
.024 
.024 
.096 
232.5 
510.7 
.8 
43.6 
128.9 
1.2 
8.1 
4. 
.5 
961.5 
335.5 

1,070. 
6.5 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Mitrr,o-*n  o«  J  Alb-  ammonia... 

1.08 
.02 
024 

.15 

Potassium  K , 

34.1 

785.5 

719  5 

Ammonium  (NH4)  

1.4 

66.0 
189.3 

49.4 

Calcium  Ca 

110.1 

1.2 

Aluminium  Al 

9.1 

Silica  Si 

10.4 

34.7 

119.5 

467.0 

4.6 

.7 

Chloride  CI 

1,070,0 

Sulphate  S04 

412.6 

Hypothetical 


II 
ft 

Q 

a  3 

O 

^0 

II 

O 

CjpD 

3.3. 

dp 

Potassium  Nitrate 

4.3 
60.4 

.25 
3.52 

443!  3 

.04 

25.86 

1.1 

64.0 

.06 

Potassium  Chloride 

3.73 

Sodium  Nitrate 

47.5 

196.2 

690.7 

1,086.5 

2.77 
11.44 
40.29 
63.38 

Sodium  Chloride 

1,600.5 
213.2 

93.36 
12.43 

1.237.8 
73.5 

72.22 

4.28 

1,713.1 
140,6 

99.92 

8.19 

Sodium  carbonate 

Ammonium  Sul  phate 

5.5 

.30 

3.0 

.18 

5.1 

.29 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

221.4 

12.91 

219,6 

12.81 

250.5 

14.61 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

229.7 

"'472!9 
3.0 

13.40 

'"27  .'59 
.18 

156.1 
186.1 

9.10 
10.85 

i53.6 
209.6 

8.77 
12.23 

160.8 
156.8 

9.37 

9.14 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

2.1 

1.6 
13.7 

2,464.9 

.12 

.09 
.80 

143.73 

2.6 

15.2 

8.0 

2,366  3 

.15 
.88 
.47 

137.89 

2.6 

1.8 
9.8 

.15 

Alumina  

.10 

Silica 

22.2 

.1.29 

.57 

Total 

2,748.7 

160.34 

2,506.2 

146.13 

Analyst 

R.  V 

/.S. 

D. 

K. 

A.  E 

>.  E. 

R.S 

.  W. 

BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 

Waters —  C  ontinue  d . 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


125 


Joliet 

Will 

Joliet 

Will 

Joliet 

Will 

9352 

Joliet 

Will 

Joliet 

Will 

11376 

Sept.17,1903 
L.  Moore.. 
108  feet 

Kampsv'e.. 
Calhoun  ... 

1?234 

July  11,1904 
J.F.Ghor1y 

232  feet 

L. &  soapst 

4246.     . 

9342 

10103 

Oct.  24,  1898.. 
M.W.Cush'g 

637  feet 

Rock 

Aug.  30,1901. 
H.Pipeubri'k 
235  feet....... 

Rock 

Sept.  5,1901 
H.  Alex'd'r 

115  feet 

Limestone. 

Dec.  16,1901.. 
Chas.  Kahn.. 

1,100  feet 

St.  Peter 

Flowing 

Distinct 

.1 
.000 

Very  slight.. 
.01 
.000 

Very  slight 
.02 
.000 

Distinct 

.03 
.000 

Slight 

.1 

.000 

Decided.... 
2. 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

840. 

462.8 
50.4 
4. 
1.6 
.096 
.018 
.001 
.36 
5.0 
19.7 

500.8 
81.6 
20. 
1.6 
.008 
.022 
.000 
1. 
8.8 
22.6 

434.0 
142.0 
2.4 
2.8 
.12 
.036 
.090 
.95 

624.0 

74. 

54. 

103.5 
4. 
.144 
.136 
.000 
.240 
29.2 
133.5 

4.2 

.24 

.106 

.07 

.7 

17.8 

5.1 
32.7 

48  2 
.3 

32.7 

39.2 
85.1 

67.9 

126.7 

1.0 

17.9 

76.9 
.3 

39.5 
4.2 
1.6 
4.0 

76  0 

61.4 

127.0 

.2 

1.7 

4.7 

.6 

30.0 

146.0 

15.1 

83.2 
1.5 

34.4 
3.7 
4.5 

20.0 
165.3 

15.8 

52.2 

3.1 

1.7 

6.5 

1.0 

103.5 

26.7 

.5 

7. 

3.1 

54.0 

274.6 

6.9 

4.3 

2.4 

33.7 

Combinations. 


II 

Q 

►d 
3* 

p 

G 

§2 

G 

p  (i 

G 

Cm 

cog 

p  (T> 

*d 
3£ 
tttJ 

C 

Clp 

cog 

p  rp 

1.1 

P- 

G 

cog 

5. 

.29 
1.84 

2.6 

7.6 

.15 

.44 

.9 
9.0 

.05 
.53 

7.3 
11.4 

.43 

.66 

1.7 
54.5 

,09 
3.18 

KN03 

31.7 

K  CI 

5.8 

4. 

49.9 
38. 

.34 

.23 

2.91 

2.22 

Na  N03     ... 

64.1 

3  73 
4.14 

.7 
64.8 

.04 
3.78 

42.4 
49.2 

2.47 
2.87 

24.1 
40.5 

1.41 
2.36 

127.9 

39.6 

161.9 

7.46 
2.31 
9.44 

Na  CI 

71.0 

Na,S04 

Na^  C03.... 

(NH4),S04.... 
(NH4)2COa.... 
MgS04 

.5 

.03 

283,3 

16.53 
2.22 

40.4 
33.8 

2.35 
1.98 

141.0 
114.9 

8.22 
6.71 

75.0 

4.37 

33.2 

136.3 

7.95 

55.0 

3.21 

MgCOa 

Ca  S04. 

187.0 
70.2 

10.91 

4.09 

316.6 

18.46 

192.2 

11.21 

317.4 

18.51 

212  7 
2.3 

12.41 
.13 

130.4 

7.61 

CaCOa 

Fe203  +  Al303. 
Fe  C03    . 

2.1 

.12 

.06 

.87 

.6 
74.6 
9.0 

.04 

4.36 

.53 

.5 

3.2 

10.1 

.03 
.19 

.59 

3.2 

64.8 
7.8 

.19 

3.78 
.45 

6.4 

2.2 

13.9 

.37 
.13 

.81 

1.0 

Al2  03        

14.9 

14.6 

.18 

Si  02 

827.9 

48.26 

426.3 

24.88 

688.6 

40.17 

491.3 

28.65 

464.1 

27.08 

593.5 

34.61 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  D.  E. 

A.I 

).  E. 

A.  D 

.  E. 

P. 

B. 

J.  IV 

l.L. 

126 


MTNEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

3946 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

3947 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

5373 

County 

Laboratory  number 

7262 , 

Date 

Aug:.  11,1898... 
W.H.Martin.. 
River 

Aug.  11,  1898... 
W.B.Martin.. 
River 

Aug.  14,1899... 

I.C.R.R 

River 

April  5,1900.... 
E.  V.  Vining.. 
68 feet 

Depth 

Strata   

Remarks  \ 

City  supply  . .. 

Filtered 

Distinct 

.06 
.000 

City  supply  . .. 

Filt'd  &  boiled 

Turbidity 

Slight 

04 

Color 

.06 
.000 

Odor  

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

248. 
15,2 
3.4 
6.2 
.038 
.3 
.001 

170.8 
14. 
3.3 
5.2 
.082 
.28 
.013 

441  6 

50.8 

14.5 

2. 

fFree  ammonia... 

.048 

Nitrogen  as<j  Nitrites 

.048 

.000 

.16 

3.4 

9.1 

6.9 

11.9 

12.8 

Ammonium  (NHJ 

13.6 
46.5 

7.7 
48.1 

13.5 
40.0 

40.6 

88.7 

Ferrous  Fe 

1.00 

.4 

Silica  Si 

4.9 

1.1 

3.4 

37.6 

3.1 

l.l 

3.3 

34.6 

14.4 
3.9 
2.2 

39.7 

6.3 

.7 

Chloride  CI 

14.5 

Sulphate  S04 

110.8 

Hypothetical 


3  3 

§1 

3  3 

O 

Oq  CD 

c2 

Sire 

nd 

|3  £> 

Potassium  Nitrate 

1.1 

5.7 

.06 

Potassium  Chloride 

.33 

Sodium  Nitrate 

1.5 

5.6 

20.1 

.08 

.33 

1.17 

i.5 

5.4 
13.5 

.08 
.31 

.78 

5.3 
3.6 
14.4 

.31 

,21 

.84 

Sodium  Chloride 

19.4 
15.8 

1.13 

Sodium  Sulphate 

.92 

Sodium  Carbonate 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

30.1 
51.4 

1.75 

2.99 

31.9 

35.9 

1.86 
2.09 

37.6 
20.6 

2.19 
1.19 

125.2 
53.8 

7.30 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

3,14 

Calcium  Sulphate 

Calcium  Carbonate 

125.4 
1.7 

7.30 

.09 

71.6 
2.6 

4.17 
.15 

100.0 
4.7 

5.83 

.27 

221.6 

12.92 

Ferrous  Sulphate 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

2.1 

.8 

.12 

Alumina 

.05 

Silica 

10.5 

.61 

6.6 

.38 

30.6 

1.78 

13.5 

.79 

246.3 

Total 

14.32 

169.0 

9  82 

216.8 

12.62 

459.0 

26.76 

Sulphuric  acid 

1   

Analyst 

R.  W.S.    . 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.J 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


127 


Waters — Continued. 


Kankakee  . 
Kankakee  . 

9766 

Nov.  14, 1901 
W.E.Scoby 

125  feet 

Rock  

Kankakee  . 
Kankakee  . 

10912  

Mar.  4,1903. 
C  H.Risser 

78  feet 

Rock 

Keensburg  .. 

Wabash 

4387 

Kell 

Kensingt'n 

Cook 

5371 

Aug.14,1899 
I.C.  R.R.. 
Calumet  L. 

Kankakee  ... 
7787 . 

Marion 

11856  

Aug.  23,1900. 
F.  Swannell. 
1,000  feet  .... 
St.P.&  Tr't'n 

Nov.  18,1898. 

W. Stein 

280feet  

Sandstone . . . 

Mar.  9, 1904... 
Kell  &  My's 

Deep 

Rock 

Very  slight.. 

Slight 

.04 
.000 

Distinct.... 
.3 
.000 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Decided 

Reddish . . 

Clayey 



Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

331.2 

594.4 
85.2 
7. 
1.5 
.32 
.02 
.002 
.158 

576. 
80.6 
1.7 
1.8 
.088 
.028 
.000 
.08 

954. 
8.0 
92. 
1.6 
.36 
.012 
.000 
.15 
.8 

387.1 

1.2 

1.6 

.4 

.4 
5.6 

.7 
92. 
.4 

17055.6 

26. 

3.5 

1.1 

33.9 

19.2 
.64 
.003 
1.52 

.012 

.024 

.001 

.12 

.2 

22.7 

40.9 

113.0 

3.1 

45.6 

8.1 
.7 
7. 
77.0 

18.7 

72.2 

97.5 

2.5 

1.1 

9.9 

.3 

1.7 

31.4 

7.1 

182.6 

117.1 
450.3 

2506.6 
428.2 

18.3 

36.1 

77.9 

1.5 

30.8 

57.7 

2.8 

9.4 

.9 

16.8 

134.8 

.6 
3.5 

40.1 

.7 
62. 
10362.0 

Combinations. 


►d 
11 

Q 
5»g 

JtL(T> 

*d 

3.8. 

pa 

»g 

►d 

11 

0 

3  ^ 

§1 

II 

d$ 

•  s. 

■    as 

.9 

.05 
.22 

i.i 

11.3 

.06 
.66 

.6 

3.6 

16.3 

.04 
.21 

.95 

K  N  03 

3.8 

15.7 

.91 

K  CI 

Ko  S04  , 

9.3 
102.3 
431.4 

.54 

5.96 

25.15 

1.3 

27.7 
22.2 

.07 
1.61 
1.29 

Na  N03 

2.8 

.16 
.35 
.55 

2.8 
66.6 

.16 

3.89 

139.2 
.5 

766.4 

8.11 

.03 

44.70 

NaCl 

6.0 

9.4 

33.2 
18.3 

1.94 
1.07 

Na,S04 

Na,  C03     .   .. 

1.5 

.08 

90.4 

5.27 

(NH4)2  S04.... 
(NH4)3C03.... 

MgS04 

MgC03 

CaS04 

2.9 

.17 

1.3 

.07 

38.7 
115.5 

2.26 
6.74 

582.0 

33.94 

149.8 
2.3 

8.74 
.13 

i25.6 

7.33 

251.2 

14.65 

4.2 

.24 

1530.3 

89.27 

194.6 

11.35 

282.5 

16.48 

243.6 

14.21 

3.8 

.22 

143.6 
3.0 

8.38 
.17 

CaC03 

Fe203  +  AL03 
FeS04. 

6802.6 
1581.7 

396.83 
92.26 

3.2 

.18 
.10 

"".35 

6.4 
86.0 

'  17.'2 

.37 
5.02 

'Too 

5.6 
2. 

"20."4 

.33 
.12 

'Ti9 

.8 
.8 

""ii'.Q 

.8 

.05 
.05 

*"!69 
.05 

Fe  COa 

1.8 

AL  ()3  ..' 

2697.9 
44.0 

157.38 
2.57 

Al2  (S04)3 

Si  O, 

Li  N~03 

6. 

20.8 

1.2i 

354.1 

20.64 

629.6 

36.72 

597.7 

34.88 

945.4 

55.12 

15453.6 

1581.7 

901.43 

92.26 

370.7 

22.60 

R.  W.S. 

A.  E 

►  .  E. 

P. 

B. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

D.  K. 

R.  W.S. 

128 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


fBULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Kewanee 

Kewanee 

Kewanee 

County 

Laboratory  number  

2411 

3390 

3391 

12416 

Date 

Sept.  15,1897... 
W.  E.  Sanford. 
Spring , 

Mar.  24,1898... 
W.  K.  Sanford. 

1480  feet 

St.  Peter 

4,500  gal.  per  hr 

Mar.  24,1898... 
W.  K.  Sanford. 

1440  feet 

St.  Peter 

9,000  gal.  per  hr 

Sept.  7,1904.... 
K.  Boiler  Co 

Owner 

Depth 

1400  feet.. 

Strata  

St.  Peter . 

Capacity  

Remarks 

Cased  to  Tr'tn. 

Turbidity 

Slight 

Distinct 

.4 
.000 

Slight  

Color 

.03 
.000 

.06 
Oily 

Odor  

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1.000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

500. 
34. 
2. 
1.7 
.53 
.09 
.000 

37.6 

49.4 

122.1 

5.7 

12.2 

11.6 

.3 

2. 

30.5 

1284. 
23.6 
400. 
4.2 
1.48 
.026 
.000 
.75 
18.9 
365.9 
1.9 
25.3 
65.1 
1.2 

1428.4 
18. 
485. 
4  2 
1.52 
.022 
.03 
.75 
20.7 
394.0 
1.95 
28.8 
78.3 
.6 
.11 
4.3 
.3 
485. 
251.0 

1162.4 

Loss  on  ignition 

Chlorine 

335 

Oxygen  consumed 

3  5 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.j  Alb.  ammonia.. 

1.00 
.102 
160 

(.Nitrates 

.32 

Sodium  N  a * 

343  4 

1.2 

Magnesium  Mg 

25  6 

49  0 

Ferrous  Fe 

Silica  Si 

3.9 
.3 
400. 
256.9 

7.2 

1.4 

Chloride  CI 

335. 

Sulphate  S04 

258.0 

Lithium  Li 

Hypothetical 


^0 

II 

O 

11 

d3 

Cfq« 

3£ 

§1 

Q 

*d 

II 

d3 

.5 

3.8 

.03 
.22 

5.4 
32.3 

.31 

1.88 

5.4 
35.5 

.31 
2.07 

L9 

552.8 
380.8 

.11 

.3 
45.2 
52.8 

.02 
2.64 
3.07 

633  9 
360.9 

36.97 
21.05 

771.4 
279.5 

.     44.99 
16  53 

32.24 

22.22 

6  9 

.40 

7.1 

.42 

.8 
2.7 

.05 

1.8 

.10 

.16 

11.7 

79.8 

.68 
4.64 

71.2 
50.4 

4.i5 
2.94 

175.4 

10.22 

89.3 

5.21 

303.9 

17.73 

162.7 

9.48 

195.5 

11.40 

122.5 

4.8 

7.15 

.28 

11.8 

2.3 

24.6 

.70 

.13 

1.43 

2.5 

.14 

1.2 

.2 

9.1 

.07 
.01 
.53 

Silica 

8.4 

.49 

15.4 

.90 

Total 

622.4 

36.29 

1304.5 

76.04 

1426.5 

83.42 

1171.0 

68.32 

Analyst 

R.  ^ 

V.  S. 

R.  ^ 

N.  S. 

r.  ^ 

V.  S. 

J.1V 

1.  L. 

BARTOW  ET.   AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


129 


Kewanee 

Henry 

12417  

Sept.  7,1904.. 
K.  Boiler  Co. 

1000  feet 

Sandstone  ... 


Kewanee — 

Henry 

12418  

Sept.  7,1904.. 
K.  Boiler  Co. 

1479  feet 

St.  Peter 


City  supply  . 


Kewanee.. 
Henry 

12971  ...;... 
Mar.  10,1905 
E.  S.  GaFsh 
1500  feet.... 
St.  Peter . . . 


Decided 


Earthy. 


Kinmundy  ..  Kinm'ndy. 

Marion Marion 

8678 4376 

Oct.  19,1900..  Nov.  17,1898 


F.  J.  Ninider 
Spring 


Knoxville. 

Knox '. 

7182 

Mar.  8,1900. 
Ur.L.  Be'kr 


H.Sch'ndr 

87  feet Spring 

Quicksand 


Slight 


.02 
.000 


Slight 


.01 
.000 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
per  1.000c. c. 


Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 


765.6 


1362.0 


1125. 


47.5 
2.5 
1.00 
.070 
.010 
.07 


222  2 
1.2 

25.4 
30.7 


3.6 


47.5 
138.3 


457.5 

3. 

1.40 
.036 
.000 
.12 


310. 
3. 


.400 
.076 
.021 


12  6 


352.3 

1.7 

27.3 

79.1 


457.5 
256.4 


35.1 

78.9 

1.9 

2.8 

5.7 

2.2 

310. 

237.6 


457.6 
20.0 
2.8 
1.5 
.368 
.012 
Trace 
.52 
2.3 
69.0 
.5 
26.6 
72.3 
2.2 
2.5 
9  4 
2.3 
2.8 
56.6 


1818. 
192.0 


3.2 
.0C6 


.012 
13.5 


255.9 


720. 
60.8 
48. 
1.4 
.002 
.03 
.045 
13. 
3.0 
17.6 


91.6 

185.1 

.5 

.5 

18. 

62.0 

303. 

405.3 

.1 


62.9 

143.4 

.2 

.5 

4.4 

58.5 

48. 

139.2 


Combinations. 


O  >-t 

Q 
jog 

fa  n 

Is 

0  -« 

O 

«>g 

apt) 

B'5 

CI  CO 

O 
cog 

3£ 

Clco 

Q 
jog 

fa  <T> 

3£ 

D  ™ 

0 

jog" 

at)1" 
&5 

*0 
a  P 

3  3. 

E3  -t 

o 

jog 

opt? 
sa  n 

3.6 
21.4 

.21 
1.25 

3.7 
1.6 

.21 

.09 

17.6 

1.02 

7.7 

.45 

KNO,  .... 

KC1  .... 

.5 

.03 

4.57 

11.94 

16.78 

.8 
754.9 
169.9 

.05 

44.04 
9.91 

69.1 
498.3 
127.1 

4.02 

29.06 

7.41 

65.0 

3.79 

NaN03 

78.4 

494.7 
231.3 

28.86 
13.49 

3.3 

83.8 
93.7 

.19 
4.86 
5.43 

NaCl.   ......... 

204.7 

Na.,  S04 

287.6 

Na.,  C03 . 

6.2 

.36 

(NHJ2SOt. 

3.2 

.19 

13 

.07 

(NHJaCO,  .... 

Mg(NC>3)2 

Mg  Cl2 

6.4 

64.2 
174.0 
36.7 

.37 
3.74 
10.15 
2.14 

135.9 

7.93 

101.6 
51.0 

5.93 
2.98 

399.0 
39.5 

23.27 
2.30 

MgSQ4 

MgC03 

Ca  S04 

88.4 

5.16 

92.4 

5.36 

40.1 

168.0 

4.4 

2.34 

9.80 
.26 

76.8 
3.2 

4.48 
.19 

206.1 

12.02 

181.8 

10.54 

462.5 

26.97 

358.2 

20.90 

CaCQ3 

Fe203+AL03. 
Fe  C03  . 

4.0 

5.2 

12.2 

.23 
.30 
.71 

4.5 

4.8 

20.0 

.26 

.28 

1.16 

1.0 

1.0 

38.4 

.9 

.06 

.06 

2.23 

.05 

.5 
1.0 
9.4 

.03 
.06 
.55 

AL,  03 

7.6 

.44 

13.0 

.76 

Si  02 

Li  NO3 

750.4 

43.78 

1293.2 

75.45 

1131.1 

65.98 

490.9 

28.45 

1654.4 

96.45 

723.1 

42.18 

J.  M.L. 

J.  M.L. 

J.  M.L. 

A.R.J. 

R.WVS.       R.W.S. 

—9  a 


130 


MINERAL   CONTENT   OF    WATERS 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Knoxville 

Knox 

Knoxville 

Knox 

Knoxville 

LaHarpe 

1701 

8732 

10521...... . 

2624.. 

Date 

Dec.  5.  1896.... 
H.J.Charles.. 

1350  feet 

St.  Peter 

Nov.  2.  1900.... 

John  Cook  

130  feet 

July  28.  1902  . . . 
W.  J.  Simpson 

1255  feet 

Limestone 

Sept.  1,  1897.. 

E.  N.  Armstr'g 
52  feet. . . . 

Depth 

Strata...          

China  clay 

Sand . 

Turbidity 

Slight    . 

Clear 

Slight 

.02 

Color 

.01 

.000 

Clear 

Odor    

.000 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

435.6 
39.6 
2.2 
1.1 
3.84 
.036 
.004 
.396 
6.0 

4.9 
44.4 
73.3 

2.5 

8.8 

7.3 

1.7 

2.2 
18.0 

1175.6 
44.8 
188. 
5.5 
1.44 
.04 
.008 
.072 
12.3 
293.7 
1.8 
27.3 
63.1 
2.9 
1.3 
4.9 
.3 
188. 
398.6 

332.4 

19.2 

Chlorine 

11.0 

1.6 

[Free  ammonia  . . 

.140 

Nitrogen  as  J,  Alb- ammoma... 

.042 
.006 

.20 

Potassium  K 

18.6 

1.33 
25.8 
57.6 

3.2 

26.3 
.4 
191. 
394.5 

1.0 

13.0 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

28.8 

74.3 

1.5 

Aluminium  Al 

1.1 

Slica  Si    

7.8 

Nitrate  NOs  

.9 

Chloride  CI  .     . 

11. 

Sulphate  S04 

60.9 

Hypothetical 


II 

■   8L3 

dec 

O 

OQ'O 

S3  a> 

•"0 

C 

(KIT* 

is 

O 

Potassium  N itrate 

34^9 

.04 
2.03 

2.8 
4.6 
5.5 

.16 
.26 
.32 

.6 
23.0 

.03 
1.34 

1.4 

.9 

.82 

.05 

287.7 
550.7 

16.79 
32.06 

292.2 
551.2 

17.05 
32.15 

17.4 
19.0 

.43 

Sodium  Sulphate 

22.2 
34.2 

1.29 

1.98 

1.10 

6.6 

.38 

7.1 

27.9 
71.3 

.41 
1  62 

13.0 

.75 

26.5 
76.4 

1.55 
4.45 

61.6 
57.2 

3.59 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

4.16 

154.6 

8.96 

3.33 

Calcium  Carbonate 

143.8 

12.1 

6. 

55.9 

8.40 
.71 
.35 

3.26 

183.0 
7.2 
16. 
15.6 

10.61 
.42 
.93 

.90 

157.5 
6.1 
2.4 
10.4 

9.19 
.35 
.14 
.60 

185.7 
3.5 
2.1 
16.5 

10.83 

.20 

.12 

Silica 

.96 

Total 

1198.2 

69.83 

458.7 

26.58 

1152.9 

67.23 

365.3 

21.43 

Analyst 

A.I 

I.  J. 

P. 

B. 

R.\ 

V.  S. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


131 


Waters — Continued. 


Lake  Bluff... 

Lake  Bluff... 

LakeFore't 

Lake 

4282 

Lake  Forest . 
Lake 

LakeFore't 

Lake  

10545 

Aug.12,1902 
B.  L.  Smith 

350  feet 

Rock  

LakeFore't 

Lake  

10551 

Aug.14.1902 
E.B.Wy'n 
1100  feet.... 
Rock  

10548  

12166 

9928 

Aug,  12,  1902. 
A.  K.  Stern.. 

183  feet 

Rock 

June  18,  1904. 
W.F.Wein'rs 

1600  feet 

Rock 

Oct.  28,  1898 
Dr.  Haven. 
Artesian  . . 
Rock  

Dec.  17,  1901.. 
S.  Largent. .. 

1500  feet 

Rock 

City  supply.. 

Slight ;. 

.000 
.000 

Clear. 

Slight 

.04 
.000 

V.  slight 

Distinct.... 
Yellowish. . 
Aromatic... 

000 

.01 
.000 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

352.4  • 

•       6.8 

580.8 

648. 

30. 

26. 
.7 
.44 
.038 
.000 

is!o 

51.6 

.6 

25.5 

120.2 

.6 

.3 

7.2 

.9 

26.0 

224.5 

636. 
28.4 
27. 
1.9 
.28 
.028 
.000 
.16 
17.1 
53.1 
.4 
27.5 
124.8 
.8 
1.4 
3.4 
.7 
27.0 
198.7 

256. 
12. 
32.4 
3.3 
.12 
.056 
.000 
.04 
9.0 
74.8 

614. 
25.2 
24. 
2.2 
.216 
.016 
.000 
.16 
12.9 
34.3 
.3 
26.9 
112.7 
.3 
1.6 
4.6 
.7 
24. 
209.5 

10.3 
2.6 
.112 
.086 
.008 
.272 
1.5 

.1 

14.5 
1.2 

.096 
.018 
.000 
.24 

14.6 

51.8 

12.8 

23.0 

.3 

.2 

5.0 

1.3 

10.3 

150.2 

18.9 

126.9 

.4 

6.6 

4.5 

1.0 

14.5 

187.8 

5.4 

8.4 
.3 
.5 

3.6 

.2 

32.4 

2.3 

Combinations. 


*d 

3* 

B:w 
o  S 

Q 

crqt) 
p  n 

11 

r 

Q 

Cfig 

P  <T 

B  P 
3  3 
B^c» 

0 

apt? 
p  n 

3  3 

B  t 

ass 

p  n> 

Is 

c 

Clp 

$»§" 

p  fp 

18. 

Q 

B.B. 

►-•oa 

2.1 
1.3 

.12 

.08 

1.7 
26.6 

.10 
1.55 

1.4 
27.7 

.82 
1.61 

1.1 

31.9 

.06 
1.86 

.4 

6.7 
4.1 
6.2 

.02 
.39 
.24 
.36 

1.1 

23.9 

.06 
1.39 

KN03 

KCL. 

K2SOi 

K2C03 

7.6 

.44 
11.58 

3.0 
156.2 

.18 
9.11 

21.1 

133.6 

1.22 

7.79 

19.6 
140.1 

1.15 

8.18 

20.8 
80.6 

1.22 
4.71 

NaCl 

198.6 

Na2S04  .  .. 

ni.9 

10.03 

Na,C03  

.4 

.02 

1.6 

.09 

1.5 

.09 

1.1 

.06 

(NH4)2S04 

(NHJXO3  .... 

19.7 

1.15 

1.80 

94.2 

5.49 

126.6 

7.38 

128.9 
5.5 

7.52 
.32 

133.5 

7.78 

MgS04 

30.9 

18.9 

1.10 

MgC03 

CaS04. 

13.1 

307.4 

.8 

12.5 

9.5 

.76 
17.93 
.05 
.73 
.55 

45.0 

267.3 

1.3 

.6 

15.2 

2.62 

15.59 

.07 

.03 

.88 

67.2 

232.2 

.6 

3.1 

9.8 

30.8 

3.92 

13.55 

.04 

.18 

.58 

1.79 

57.5 
.6 

3.36 
.04 
.02 
.62 

311.8 
1.6 
2.6 
7.2 

18.19 
.09 
.15 
.42 

20.9 
.6 
.9 

7.6 

1.22 
.03 
.05 
.44 

CaC03 

FeC031 

.4 

A1203 

10.7 

SiO, 

329.8 

19.23 

625.0 

36.45 

641.4 

38.10 

651.8 

38.03 

238.2 

13.88 

604.7 

35.28 

P.] 

B. 

J.  M 

L. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  D 

E. 

P. 

B. 

P. 

B. 

132 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of_  Illinois 


Town 

Lake  Forest.  .. 

LaMoille 

Bureau 

9140 

LaMoille 

Bureau 

12616  

LaSalle  . 

County 

LaSalle 

Laboratory  number 

12705  

10662 

Date , 

Nov.  29,1904.. 
A.  L.Baker... 

2237  feet 

Rock 

July  10, 1901.... 

O.  Risdon 

40  feet ..  . . 

Oct.  3,  1904 

A.  Kendall.... 

255  feet ;. 

Rock  

Oct  1    1902 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata  

Drift 

R  emarks 

Turbidity 

Very  slight 

.01 
Decayed  wood 

Decided 

Red. 

Slight 

000 

Color 

Odor  ... 

.000 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

586.0 

545.6 
76.8 
15. 
2.2 
.05 
.064 
.012 
5.188 

611.2 

•    562 

59.2- 

Chlorine  

20. 
1.4 
.276 
.058 
.000 
.20 

15.6 

2.4 
17.7 
16.00 
.342 

.000 
.08 

20 

2  8 

fFree  ammonia.. 

Nirrnp-pn  as  J  Alb-  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.^  Nitrites> 

.006 
.034 
002 

8  4 

Potassium  K  

20.6 
39.5 
115.7 
19.1 
5.1 
10.4 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

21.7 

119.4 

.8 

.6 

3.2 

.9 

20.0 

187.0 

54.6 
116.9 

32.7 

Calcium  Ca 

108  3 

Aluminium  Al 

Silica  Si < 

11.4 
23.0 
15.0 
39.0. 

6.3 

Nitrate  N02  

37  2 

Chloride  CI 

2.4 
.2 

20  0 

Sulphate  SO  t 

128.5 

Hypothetical 


11 
11 

O 

dp 

P  fD 

a  3. 

28 

3  "-I 

O 

C^p 

apt? 

O 

dp 
aag 

OQtJ 

p,fl> 

3£ 

IS 

: 

O 

dp 

opt? 
p  a 

Potassium  Nitrate 

1.5 

28.4 

.09 
1.66 

Potassium  Chloride  

Sodium  Nitrate    

31.5 

21.7 

1.83 
1.26 

51. 

2.8 

2.97 

Sodium  Chloride 

10.7 
119.1 

.62 
6.95 

4.0 

.4 

110.8 

.23 

.02 

6.46 

.16 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

54.8 

3.20 

Magnesium  Chloride , 

2.4 

48.8 

153.7 

.14 

2.83 
8.91 

24.6 
131.1 

1.44 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

108.0 

6.30 

7.64 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

138.3 

8.01 

28.6 
277.1 

1.67 
16.16 

50.5 

233.4 

49.5 

2.95 

292.1 

2.8 

16.94 
.16 

289.1 

16.86 

13.62 

2.89 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

1.6 
1.2 

6.7 

.09 

.07 
.39 

39.4 

9.6 

22.2 

2.30 

.56 

1.29 

Alumina  

Silica 

24.2 

1.40 

13.3 

.78 

Total 

582.9 

34.00 

577.2 

33.47 

668.6 

38.93 

556.2 

32.45 

Analyst 

J.  M 

.  L. 

A.I 

,.  W. 

J.  IV. 

[.  L. 

P.] 

B. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER    ANALYSES, 


133 


LaSalle 

LaSalle 

9058 

LaSalle 

LaSalle 

10279  

Feb.  18,  1902. 
C.A.Farnum 
Springs 

LaSalle.... 
LaSalle.... 

10663  

Oct.  1,  1902. 
C.A.  Far'm 
River  

Lena  

Stephenson  . 
8972 

Lena  

Stephens' n 

9830 

Nov.20,1901 
W.R'nsh'w 
595  feet  .... 
Rock  

Lewistown 

Fulton 

8970 

Jan.  22,1901 
P.J.Stand'd 

Spring 

Gravel 

Mar.  22,  1901. 
I.  C.  R.R  ... 
450  feet 

Jan.  22,1901.. 
W.  Renshaw. 

595  feet  

Rock 

Flowing-  

City  supply  . 

Slight 

.01 
Musty 

City  sup'ly 
Decided  .... 

Muddy 

.000 

Very  slight 
.01 
.000 

.01 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

430.4 
42.8 
45. 
3.8 
.042 
.076 
.016 
.784 
5.4 
28.9 

378.8 
37.6 
21.5 
9.4 
.012 
.152 
.02 
1.26 

447.2 
43.2 
11. 

2.5 
.128 
.084 
.002 
.718 

614.8 
25.2 
2.6 
1.7 
.082 
.078 
.000 
.08 
1.8 
13.4 
.1 
63  3 
120.1 

12. 

2.4 

46.1 

12.2 

7.8 

.2 

51.1 

97.5 

11.9 

30.4 
68.9 

41.1 

75.3 

.9 

.4 

2.8 

3.6 

45.0 

49.9 

14.1 
71.1 

53.1 
115.0 

14.6 
10.1 
63.0 

57.8 

3.4 

5.6 

22.0 

39.0 

6.3 

3.2 

11.0 

33.2 

5.9 

3.6 

12.0 

84.2 

9.1 

.6 

2.6 

176.8 

Combinations. 


h3 

si* 

Q 
cog 

CTQ'O 

p  a> 

§1 

Q 
Cp 

i»g 

QKJtJ 
P  (T> 

dec 

gS 

p  o> 

>-d 
3* 

II 

O 

Cp 

j»g 
p  a 

OqtJ 
p  rt> 

33 

Is 

C 

C|p_ 

jog 

(TQtJ. 
p  a> 

5.8 
5.8 

.34 
.34 

.6 
3.2 

.03 
.18 

KN03 

K  CI 

14.6 

.85 
6.02 

.26 

7.7 
25.9 

.45 
1.51 

4.4 
16.8 

.26 

.97 

1.3 
19.8 
11.5 

.08 
1.16 

.67 

Na  NO,  .... 

103.8 

69.8 
4.8 

4.07 

.28 

1.6 
38.9 

.09 
2.27 

NaCl 

4.4 

Na,  S04  .... 

Na^  C03 





.6 

03 

NH4  CI. 

.3 

.01 

(NH.),  C03 

8.5 

48.8 

7.4 

.50 

2.85 

.43 

.  .4 

41.6 

148.3 

.02 
2.41 
8.60 

Mg  Cl,~  . . 

68.6 

3.98 
3.35 

58.4 
102.1 

3.40 
5.95 

95.9 
117.6 

5.59 
6.85 

MgSOi 

57.8 

220.0 
213.3 
143.2 

12.76 

12.37 

8.29 

MgCOs 

CaS04 

172.1 
9.0 

9.98 
.52 

188.2 

10.98 

177.7 
38.4 

10.37 
2.24 

243.6 
1.1 

14.13 

.06 

286.2 
1.6 

16.69 
.09 

CaC03 

Fe2  03+AL  03. 
Fe  C03 

1.9 

.8 

5.9 

.11 
.05 

AL  03 

IN*  31.0 

1.80 

.34 

7.2 

.42 

13.5 

.78 

12.6 

.74 

20.2 

1.17 

sio2 .;;... 

461.3 

26.76 

443.5 

25.86 

321.6 

18.77 

470.3 

27.26 

546.5 

31.87 

641.3 

37.15 

A.  L 

M. 

A.D 

, 

P. 

B. 

A.L. 

M. 

A.I 

).  E. 

A.I 

I.  J. 

134 


MINERAL    CONTENT   OF    WATERS 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Lewistown .... 
Fulton 

Lewistown 

Fulton 

Lexington 

McLean 

3815  .: 

July  10.1898.... 
W.  M.  Davis  .. 
Spring 

Lexington 

County 

Laboratory  No 

2127 

12808  

3814 

Date 

Apr.  17, 1897.:.. 
W.  S.  Edwards 
20 feet . 

Dec.  31.1904.... 

J.  Depler 

2, 000  feet 

Rock  

July  11,1898  ... 
W.  M.  Davis 

Depth 

40  feet 

Strata  

Sand . 

From  tap 

Slight 

Flowing 

Slight 

04 

Turbidity 

.000 
.000 
.000 

Distinct 

.05 
.000 

Color 

.01 
.000 

Odor  

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

268. 
25.2 
7. 
1.3 
.001 
.022 
.000 

1.5 
9.5 

2266.0 

* "  466."6 
3.8 

1.360 
.060 
.000 

21.1 

520.3 

1.7 

53.5 
118.4 

506. 
18. 
12. 
23.5 
4.644 
.374 
.000 

3.9 
70.4 

5.9 
32.8 
69.4 

3.1 

3.1 
20. 

.9 
12.0 

2.5 

462.4 

16. 

Chlorine 

22. 

6. 

fFree  ammonia.. 

NTitrnp-pn  a<?  J  Alb-  ammonia  .. 
JN  ltrogen  as .  -j  N  itrites    

2.712 
.102 
000 

Potassium  K 

3.9 

120.2 

3.5 

23.7 
61.4 

18.1 

Calcium  Ca 

31.6 

.7 

Aluminium  Al 

.6 

4.0 

5.4 

7.0 

46.6 

7. 
.6 
466.0 
837.0 

8.2 

Nitrate  NOa 

.9 

Chloride  CI 

22.0 

Sulphate  S04 

13.5 

Hypothetical 


E-.cn 

a  3 

Grains  per 
U.  S.  gal.. 

das 

jog 

3g 

E— gs 

§1 

Q 

d?3 
I,  a 

/'GO 

crq-o 

£5. 

pi 

dp 
£-5 

3.8 

.22 

.9 
39.1 

.05 
2.28 

.5 
6.3 

.09 
.37 

1.5 

6.3 

.09 

Potassium  Chloride 

.37 

4.6 
11.6 
11.5 

.26 
.67 
.67 

Sodium  Chloride 

740.5 
716.1 

43.20 
41.77 

14.8 

3.7 

146.2 

.88 

.21 

8.52 

31.3 
20.0 
231.9 

1.81 

Sodium  Sulphate 

1.16 

Sodium  Carbonate 

13.53 

6.2 

.36 

15.7 

.91 

9.3 

.54 

48,8 
50.1 

2.84 
2.91 

265.8 

15.50 

103.4 

6.02 

62.8 

3.66 

186.7 

158.4 

9.6 

10.89 
9.24 

.56 

153.3 
1.1 

8.94 
.06 

173.4 

10.10 

78.9 

4.60 

6.4 

5.9 

42.5 

.37 
.34 

2.48 

1.4 

1.2 

17.5 

.08 

.07 

Silica 

8.5 

.49 

14.8 

.86 

1.01 

Total                       

293.1 

17.06 

2138.1 

124.71 

519,8 

30.29 

462.1 

26.92 

Analyst 

C.  h 

..R. 

J.  IV 

[.L. 

R.T 

V.S. 

R.  \ 

V.S. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


185 


Waters — Continued. 


Libertyville 

Lake 

2384 

July  15,1897, 
F.  Grabbe  . . 
Spring 

"V."  Slight'"! 

'".'666' 


Libertyville.. 

Lake 

6646 

Jan.  8,1900... 

C.  Fellows... 

50feet 

Blue  clay 

5  gal.permin 

Flowing 

Slight 

.02 
.000 


Lib'rtyville 
Lake 


Feb.  13, 1903 
J.L.Taylor 

171  feet 

Gravel 


Flowing  . 

Clear  

.000 
.000 


Lockhaven .. 

Jersey 

11853  

Mar.  4.1904  .. 
M.R.Thayer 

84  feet 

Gravel 


Distinct..  .. 

Yellow 

Petroleum 


Loda 

Iroquois  ... 

10524  

J uly  29. 1902 
Abe  R'ndle 

70  feet 

Sand 


Clear 

Musty 


.000 


L'd'n  Mills 

Fulton 

5569 

Apr.  4,1899. 
C. A.  Matter 

Spring 

Clay 


Distinct  .  . 
.02 
.000 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams!    Milligrams 
per  l,000cc.|  per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  LOOOc.c. 


Milligrams 
per  LOOOc.c. 


554.! 

28. 


.4 
1.2 


3U.0 

60.2 
1.2 
6.9 
6  8 
1.7 
5.0 
276.2 


709.2 
39.2 
4.5 
1.6 
.52 
.06 
.000 
.08 
2.7 
84.8 

39!7 

66.6 

.5 

.3 

7.9 

.3 

4.5 

400.8 


720.8 


.392 
.034 
.000 
.12 
5.0 
80.8 
.5 
32.9 
72.7 
1.5 
.16 
7.5 
.6 
4.2 
404.2 


320, 


.4 

.96 

.144 

.000 

.16 


22.8 

1.2 

33.6 

48.3 


2.8 

.7 

3.3 

12.9 


841.6 
65.2 


2.4 

.672 


384.8 

60.8 

2.2 


.000 


2.7 
41.9 


78.8 
134.5 


1.3 

7.2 

.9 

1.8 


.024 

.02 

.000 


9.5 


37.4 

87.1 

1.3 

.6 

10.6 

.3 

•  2.2 

12.3 


Combinations . 


*d 

§1 

Q 

£! 

cog 

£L<T> 

3£ 

Is 

0 

dS? 

II 

O 

<«g 

3£ 

li 

O 

dp 
jog 

UQtJ 

3£ 

§1 

O 

:SPg 

est? 

►d 

3£ 

Is 

O 

cip 
jog 

2.9 

.16 

.6 

4.7 

.03 

.27 

.9 
8.9 

.05 
.52 

1 

1.5 
3.8 

.09 
.22 

.6 
.9 

.03 
.05 

KNO3  

K  CI 

9        .05 
5.5        .32 

Na  N03 

8  2 

.48 
9.24 

3.8 
257.2 

.22 
15.00 

'249! 4 

14 '.55 

2.9 

18.3 

5.6 

.17 

1.07 

.33 

NaCl 

152.7 

19.2 
32.3 

1.12 

1.88 

129.2 

7.54 

Na,  S04 

Na^  C03 

2.5 

.14 

1.8 

.11 

3.3 

.19 

(NH4).,  SOt  . 

3,2 

.19 

(NH4),  Cv)5  .. 

152.8 

9.34 

197.4 

11.51 

163.5 

9.53 

236.5 
108.8 

13.80 
6.34 

Mg  So4 

117.0 

6.82 

130.0 

■  7,58 

Mg  C03. 

104.7 

6.09 
4.16 

78.2 
108.9 

4.56 
6.35 

146.7 
73.8 

8.56 
4.31 

CaSOt 

71  4 

120.6 
16.7 

7.03 
.97 

336,1 

19.61 

217.7 

12.70 

CaCOa 

Fe,  Oa  + AI0O3 

2.4 

.14 

.07 
.83 

1.1 

.6 
16.8 

.06 
.03 

.98 

3.1 

.3 

15.9 

.18 
.02 
.93 

1.6 
2.4 
15.4 

.09 
.14 
.90 

2.7 

1.2 

22.5 

.16 

.07 

1.31 

FeCG3.     .. 

1.3 

Al,  03.. 

14.4 

5.9 

.34 

Si02 

510.8 

30.51 

671.8 

39.15 

664.3 

38.76 

321.3 

18.72 

838.6 

48.92 

402.4 

23.47 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.S. 

P 

B. 

D.  K. 

P.  B. 

R.^ 

V.S 

. 

136 


MINERAL    CONTENT   OF   WATER. 


[BULL.    NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Macomb 

McDonough  .. 
8094 

Macomb 

McDonough  .. 
9331 

Macomb 

McDonough... 

10185  

Jan.  14,1902.... 

A.  Fisher 

225  feet 

Rock 

Macomb 

McDonough  .. 

Countv 

Laboratory  number 

Date 

Aug.  4,1900.... 

A.  McLean 

1,325  feet 

St.  Peter 

Distinct 

.01 
.000 

Aug.  27.1901... 
W.  Thompson 

1,360  feet 

St.  Peter 

Slight 

Jan.  25.1902.... 
E.  Pollock 

78  feet 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata  

Turbidity 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Color 

.04 
.000 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

3222.4 
86.4 
935. 
6. 
.96 
.030 
.070 
.36 
94.3 
668.8 
1.2 
71.5 
183.6 
5.6 
2.3 
6.6 
1.6 
935.0 
998.4 

3567.2 

130.8 

1148.0 

y.4 

1.64 
.082 
.015 
1.185 
8.7 
948.1 
2.1 
73.8 
17).  8 
.9 
.6 
6.2 
5.3 
1148.0 
937.3 

530.4 
15.6 
4.4 
13.9 
8.8 
.304 
.004 
.236 
7.5 
79.7 

418  4 

Loss  on  ignition 

30 

1 

3  6 

Nitrogen  as.^lb.  ammonia.. 

3.2 

.064 
000 

L  N  itrates 

.08 

Potassium  K 

Sodium  Na 

29  2 

36.0 
81.2 

2.8 
1.8 

;.i 

1.0 

4.4 

.9 

30.1 

86.8 

Aluminium  Al 

Silica  Si 

10.9 

Nitrate  NOs 

3 

Chloride  CI 

Sulphate  S04 

1.0 

.7 

Hypothetical 


3*t 

*0 
trice 

n 

OQtJ 

^0 
a  £ 

2  n 

O 

OQtJ 

h3 

3* 

£Icn 
O  n> 

Q 

2.6 
178.0 

.15 
10.41 

8.6 
10.3 

.50 
.60 

1.7 
9.3 
1.7 

2.2 

.10 
.54 
.10 
.13 

.5 

1.7 

1.1 

65.0 

.03 

1400.8 
369.6 

81.94 
21.62 

1883.0 
639.4 

109.21 
37.08 

.10 

.06 

183.7 

10.72 

3.79 

4.5 

.26 

7.7 

.45 

355.2 

20.78 

366.6 

21.26 

125.2 

7.30 

107.1 

6.24 

623.9 

36.50 

292.2 
224.5 

16.95 
13.02 

202.9 

11.84 

216.8 
14.6 

12.65 

.86 

15.2 

.89 
'.'25 

1.9 
1.2 

.11 

.07 

5.8 
3.4 

.34 
.20 

4.4 

Silica 

14.0 

.82 

13.2 

.77 

15.2 

.88 

23  2 

1.35 

Total 

2968.2 

173.62 

3448.6 

200.02 

551.1 

32.15 

430.0 

25.08 

A.  F< 

..  J. 

A.  L 

,.  M. 

A.  I 

).  E. 

a.  r 

).  E. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


137 


Macomb 

Makanda 

Makanda  .. 

Makanda  — 

Makanda  .. 

Maiden 

McDonough 

Jackson  .... 

Jackson  . .. 

Jackson  

Jackson.. .. 

Bureau 

10519  

6719-20  

6727 

6937 

11404  

10397  

July  28,1902.. 
A.  Krauser  .. 

Jan.  18,1900.. 

Jan.  21,1900 

Feb.  19,  1900. 

Sept.21,1903 

May  14, 1902 

, 

T.  L.  Bailey. 

LeeAgnew 

B.  Wiley  .... 

E.  Roberts. 

D.K.  M'rris 

60feet 

Spring, 5  feet 

Spring  14  ft. 

Spring 

Spring.... 

151  feet  .... 

Sand . 

Slate  &  rock.. 
Distinct 

Soap  stone 
Slight 

Sandstone.  .. 

Rock 

Distinct  — 

Distinct 

Distinct 

Distinct  .  .. 

Yellow 

.000 

.01 
.000 

Yellow 

.000 

Yellow 

Peculiar .  .. 

Yellowish  . 
.000 

Musty 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

per  1,000  c.c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

1255.6 

432. 

1286.8 

160. 

1044.8 

437.6 

41.2 

32.8 

109.6 

14.4 

161.6 

54. 

3.4 

10. 

55.4 

4.3 

62.5 

1.6 

4.8 

1.7 

.9 

1.4 

4.9 

8.5 

.56 

.056 

.216 

.016 

.144 

1.2 

.074 

.074 

.074 

.024 

.38 

.136 

.001 

.000 

.013 

.000 

.040 

.000 

.079 

.41 

1.04 

.12 

1.560 

.11 

3.8 

5.9 

2.0 

1.4 

1.4 

2.4 

18.7 

10.9 

69.3 

9.7 

47.4 

33.2 

.7 

.3 

.2 

1.5 

70.6 

36.9 

71.5 

10.8 

58.5 

35.4 

243.6 

56.5 

140.2 

21.7 

124.4 

71.7 

.6 

13.7 

46.8 

9.3 

13.7 

.2 

.2 

2.1 

9.3 

.8 

5.7 

.3 

6.1 

6.7 

15.5 

8. 

13.8 

8.9 

.3 

1.1 

4.6 

.6 

6.9 

.5 

3. .4 

10.0 

55.4 

4.3 

62.5 

1.6 

600.0 

215.7 

797.7 

60.7 

37.4 

2 

Combinations. 


13 

fg 

a  >-i 

C 

/-co 

crqtf 

h3 

3* 
avj 

O  ft) 

a  "-t 

O 
cjg. 

/J0D 

3£ 
a  it 

Q 

CIS 

93  fD 

S.5. 

Is 

CIS 

03  (T 

3£ 

O  ft, 

a  >-t 

C 

BQtJ 

03    <T> 

£ICO 

0  ft, 
a  "t 

CIS 

i»g 

tJQ'O 

.6 
6.8 

.03 

.40 

1.9 

9.8 

.11 

.57 

5.1 

.30 

.9 
2.0 

.05 
.12 

3.7 

.22 

.7 

3.4 

.4 

.3 

.04 
.20 
.02 
.02 

KNO3 

KC1 

K2S04 

K0CO3.. 

2.0 

91.2 

101.7 

.12 
5.31 
5.93 

6.3 

103.1 

15.6 

.37 

6.01 

.92 

NaN03 '.". 

.3 

.02 
3  34 

7.1 

25.2 

.41 
1.47 

5.6 
23.1 

.33 

1.34 

NaCl . 

57.3 

NaoS04.   .. 

76.6 

4.46 

NaIC03 

2.6 



.15 

1.1 

.06 

.7 

.04 

(NH4)2SO,. 

4.0 

.23 

(NHJaC03  .... 

MgSU4 

MgC03  . 

351.0 

20.48 

183.3 

10.69 

355.5 

20.74 

53.7 

3.13 

33.' 

180.4 

1.93 
10.52 

123.3 

7.19 

394.9 

23.3 

18.56 

73.8 

88.7 

4.31 

5.17 

476.5 

27.79 

3.1 

52.0 

.18 
3.03 

CaS04 

318.2 

310.8 

18  13 

179.1 

10.44 

CaC03 

Fe203+Al303.. 
FeSC>4 

127.0 

7.41 

1.3 

.07 
.02 

28.3 
4.0 

1.65 
.23 

19.3 
1.7 

17.0 

1.12 

.10 

""99 

28.3 
10.7 

"29 .4 

1.65 
.62 

"*i*7i 

.5 

.6 

"19  .'6 
17.0 

.03 
.03 

"i'.ii 

.99 

FeC03 

.4 

12.3 

28.0 
33.0 

.72 
1.63 
1.92 

Al2Os 

Al3(SOJ3 

SiG3 

13.0 

.75 
2.60 

15.2 

.88 

43.8 

1190.2 

69.45 

437.3 

25.49 

1233.4 

71.93 

178.4 

10.39 

722.0 

42.12 

424.9 

24.76 

P.] 

3. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

R.V\ 

r.s. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

P. 

B 

A.I 

).  E. 

138 


MINEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Manville 

Livingston  .. .. 

10766  

Nov.  24,1902... 
J.  Giolina 

Mapleton  

Maquon 

County 

Laboratory  number 

2534 

4269  .. 

11365 

Date 

Aug.  6,1897.... 
E.N.Armstro'g 
16  feet 

Oct.  2M898.... 
E.  E.  Truitt  .  .. 

Sept.  24.1903... 
W  O   Potter 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata 

Coal 

R  emarks 

Turbidity 

Clear 

.000 
.000 

Very  slight 

.02 
.000 

Slight 

.1 
.000 

Color 

1 

Odor ... 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

457.2 
65.2 
4. 
2.7 
.576 
.036 

.08 

34  1 

.7 

40.6 

76.7 

.4 

.5 

8.5 

.3 

4.0 

7.3 

315.2 
40.8 
4. 
2.7 
.000 
.039 
.002 
5.6 

5174. 
913.2 
5.5 
1.2 
.972 
.072 
.000 
.2 

24.2 

1.2 

270.7 

462.7 

349.8 

67.1 

7.3 

.9 

5.5 

3235.3 

1426  0 

Loss  on  ignition 

247  2 

16 

Oxygen  consumed 

1  8 

Nitrogen  as.  ^lb..ammonia.. 

.000 
.068 
.000 

t  Nitrates 

.72 

Sodium  Na 

Ammonium  (NH4) < 

10.0 

76.9 

Magnesium  Mg 

26.0 
71.3 

64.3 

235.7 

Ferrous  Fe 

SilicaSi 

Nitrate  NOs 

8.3 

24.8 

4. 

17.6 

14.6 
■3.2 

Chloride  CI 

16.0 

Sulphate  SO t 

721.9 

Hypothetical 


3  3 

§1 

3  3 

II 

3  3 
3r5T 

II 

O 
ccS" 

•   -i 

33 
3;m> 

II 

.6 
5.9 

.04 
.34 

1.5 
10.1 

.09 
.58 

34.0 
2.0 

1.98 
.11 

4.4 

26.4 

201.8 

.26 

Sodium  Chloride 

2. 

10.8 
80.2 

.11 

.63 

4.68 

1.1 

73.3 

.06 

4.27 

1.54 

Sodium  Sulphate 

11.78 

4.4 

.25 

1.9 

.11 

7.3 
22.0 

68.7 

.42 
1.28 
4.00 

1345.8 

78.49 

319.8 

18.65 

141.3 

8.25 

1572-.3 

91.72 

467. 
245.6 
14.0 

27.24 

191.6 

11.17 

178.2 
3.1 

10.39 

14.33 

.18 

.82 



949.5 

55.38 

.8 
.9 

05 

.05 

421.6 
15.5 

24.59 
.90 

Silica     

18.1 

1.06 

17.6 

1.02 

30.1 

1.76 

Total 

454.1 

26.49 

332.9 

19.38 

4431.0 
35.9 

258.42 
2.09 

1309.1 

78.38 

Analyst 

P. 

B. 

R.  \ 

V.  S. 

R.^ 

V.  s. 

P. 

B. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


139 


Marion 

Williamson  . 

13155  

May  15,1905.. 
H.Zim'erm'n 

250  feet 

Sandstone.  .. 


Decided. 
Muddy  . 
Peculiar 


Markham 

Morgan 

9287 

Aug.  8,1901.. 
J.  Cleary  .... 
Spring 


Distinct  . . 
.04 
.000 


Marquette  . 

Bureau 

4915  

Apr.  8,1899. 
M.Covery. 
Spring,  4  ft. 
Gravel 


Slight... 
.01 
.000 


Marseilles.... 

La  Salle 

8578 

Sept.  29,  1900. 
C.  Peddicord 

2180feet 

Sandstone  ... 

Flowing 

Distinct 

Muddy 

.000 


Marshall. .. 
Clark  ...... 

9956 

Dec.  3, 1901. 
C.Purdium 

21feet 

Gravel 

City  sup'ly 

Very  slight 

.01 

"  .000 


Marshall. .. 

Clark  

7278 

Apr.  10, 1900 
O.  Mitchell 

75feet 

Drift 

Distinct.... 

Yellow  .... 

.000 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c, 


Milligrams     Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c.jperl.OOOc.c. 

I     . 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c, 


1433.6 


185.0 
6.65 
1.410 


.200 


404. 


45.7 


15.2 


185.0 
627.4 


400. 
53.6 
6.4     . 
2.4 
.144 
092 
.003 
1.237 
2.1 
8.9 
.14 
32.6 
87.7 
1.7 
11.8 
21. 
5.5 
6.4 
4.9 


498. 
58.8 
3.4 
1.3 
.01 
.018 
.000 
.2 
3.6 
10.2 


60. 


1.3 
14.7 


3.4 
41.4 


2806. 

82.4 

1450.0 

7.8 

1.32 

.032 

.000 

.2 

51.8 

801.7 

1.7 

27.5 

135.5 

2.8 

4.7 

3.2 

.8 

1450.0 

74.4 


227.2 
29.6 
5. 
1.6 
.018 
.022 
.000 
.56 


18. 

118. 

8. 

22. 


9.4 


14.3 
52.6 


.18 
.000 
.16 
5.5 
139.9 
28.3 
34.5 
82.9 
4.8 
2.3 


5.1 

2.5 

5.0 

27.3 


118 


Combinations. 


§1 

*0 

d£ 

(JQ  0> 

33 

•  i-i 

98  ** 

►d 

33 

11 

»g 

*0 

3  3 

II 

•  £. 

wo 

'S'S 

5.4 

.31 

1.5 

5.9 

.09 
.34 

1.3 

97.8 

.07 
5.67 

1.1 

9.7 

.06 
.56 

K  N  03 

K  CI 

1.3 

.08 
17.80 
51.12 

3.0 
10.6 

7.3 
3.8 

.17 
.61 
.43 
.22 

3.5 

8.3 

16.0 

.20 

.48 
.93 

Na  NO, 

305.2 
876.4 

1.0 
30.4 

.05 
1.77 

2038. 

118.20 

187.7 

trace. 

152.2 

10.95 

trace. 

8.88 

NaCl 

Na,  S04 



Na,  C03.  . 

5. 

.29 

NH4C1..     . 

(NHJ,  SO,   ... 

.4 

.02 

75.3 

4.39 

(NHJ.,  C03.   . 

MgCL ... 

43.8 

2.55 
5.71 

26.1 
221.3 

1.51 

12.90 

42.7 

65.9 

329.3 

57. 

2.48 

3.82 

19.10 

3.31 

20.0 
35.5 

1.17 
2.07 

MgSO,. 

97.9 

113.4 

6.62 

120.1 

7.00 

MgCOa 

CaCL 

r 

CaS04 

114.3 

6.67 
.49 

219.0 

12.77 

152.0 

8.83 

131.5 
2.4 

7.67 
.14 

207.1 

12.08 

CaC03 

8.4 

Fe,  03  +  Al,  03 

Fe  S04  .... 

3.7 
22.2 

.22 

1.29 

1.3 

2.5 

.07 
.14 

5.8 
8.8 

.34 
.51 

10.0 
4.4 

.58 
.26 

Fe  C03  . 

AL03 

Al3  (SOJ3..   . 

32.4 

1.89 

43.9 

2.56 

31.2 

1.81 

6.8 

.39 

10.8 

.63 

18.6 

1.08 

Si  Q3 

1479.7 

86.31 

432.7 

25.22 

473.2 

27.53 

2658.4 

154.18 

228.0 

13.29 

786.2 

45.84 

J.  M 

L. 

A.  D 

E. 

R.\ 

V.S. 

A.R.J. 

A.I 

).  E. 

R.  W.S. 

140 


MINEEAL    CONTENT   OF    WATER. 


[BULL.  NO.  JO 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Marshall 

Clark 

Mattoon 

Coles 

Mattoon 

Coles 

Mattoon 

Coles 

County 

Laboratory  number 

6230 

11244  . 

1372. . . 

1373 

Date 

Nov.  6,1899.... 
W.  Dittman.... 
Spring  3  feet.. 

Aug.  1,  1903.... 
S.  D.  Enochs.. 
Spring 

Sept.  14,1905... 

A.  Millar 

72  feet 

Sept.  14,1896... 
A  Millar 

Depth 

60  feet 

Strata 

Sand  &  gravel. 
City  supply . .. 

Remarks , 

Turbidit.y 

Distinct... 

.20 
.000 

Decided 

Color 

.2 
.000 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

596.4 

19.2 

7.2 

1.2 
.176 
.028 
.000 
.20 

26.6 

.2 
49.4 
126.4 

.9 

.8 
13. 

.9 

7.2 

98.1 

690.8 
98. 
12. 
3.2 
.384 
.048 
Lost 

Loss  on  ignition 

Oxygen  consumed 

Nitrogen  as.^Alb.  ammonia... 

^Nitrates 

.12 

14.5      • 

.5 

59.6 

135.5 

2.5 

1.8 

8.5 

.3 

12.0 

161.6 

42.8 

19.6 

31.6 

89.8 

3.7 

3.8 

12.0 

.3 

5.5 

24.1 

2  7 

Sodium  Na 

25  6 

Ammonium  (NHJ 

13. 

Magnesium  Mg 

52.9 
103  3 

Ferrous 

3  8 

10  2 

Silica  Si 

12  7 

Nitrate  NOs 

2 

Chloride  CI.. 

15  0 

Sulphate  S04 

26  7 

Hypothetical 


O 

dp 

£i2 

3£ 

Gen 

O 
Cp_ 

3S 

Gc/1 

p 

Q 

3£ 

Goo 

O 

Cm 

Potassium  Nitrate 

1.5 
1.9 

.09 
.11 

.6 
2.4 

.04 
.14 

.5 
6.4 

.03 
.37 

.4 

4.7 

02 

Potassium  Chloride 

.27 

Sodium  Nitrate 

Sodium  Chloride 

10.2 

69.6 

.59 
4.05 

17.8 
23.4 

1.04 

1.36 

3.6 
35.7 
66.3 

.21 

2.08 
3.87 

20.9 
39.6 
15.6 

1  22 

Sodium  Sulphate 

2.30 

Sodium  Carbonate 

.90 

Ammonium  Sulphate  .." 

.7 

.04 

1.8 

.11 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

42.5 

2.48 

34.3 

2.00 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

63.3 
127.5 

3.69 
7.43 

180.6 
81.1 

10.54 
4.74 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

110.2 

6.41 

185.1 

10.79 

Calcium  Carbonate 

315.7 

6.1 

1.5 

27.5 

18.41 

.35 

.09 

1.60 

333.5 

5.2 

3.4 

18.1 

19.75 

.30 

->    .20 

1.06 

224.1 

7.6 

7.2 

25.6 

13.07 
.44 
.42 

1.48 

257.9 

8.0 

19.2 

25.2 

15.04 

47 

Alumina 

Silica 

1.11 
1.46 

Suspended  matter 

Total 

625.5 

36.45 

672.9 

39.28 

529.7 

30.86 

610.9 

35  58 

R.1 

fif.S. 

P 

B. 

AWP&CRR 

AWP< 

&CRR 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Wat  ers — Continued . 


WATER    ANALYSES. 


141 


Maywood.... 

McHenry.. .. 

Menard 

Mendon 

Middle'w'h 

Middle'w'h 

Cook 

McHenry..  .. 
4S42 

Randolph.. 

10570 

Aug. 22, 1902 

Adams 

2582 

Shelby  .... 

3644-5 

June  2, 1898. 

Shelby  .... 

3646-7 

June  2  1908. 

5633 

Aug.  14,1899. 

Mar.  17, 1899.. 

Aug.  21,1897.. 
E.  W.  Battle. 

W.S.Pickard 

F.K. Granger 

A.  M.  Lee. 

G.Douthit. 

G.L.  Do'h't 

1590  feet 

58feet 

Spring  6  ft. 

1010  feet 

Spring  6  ft. 

Spring  6  ft. 

Sandstone 

Gravel 

Rock 

Sandstone  ... 

City  supply.. 
Slight 

Distinct 

Distinct — 

Distinct 

Distinct  .  .. 

Distinct..  .. 

.05 

.15 

Muddy  .... 

.06 

Yellow 

Yellow 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.c. 

per  1,000  c.c. 

per  l,000c.c. 

per  1,000  c.c. 

per  l,000c.c. 

per  1,000c.  c. 

597.2 

332. 

475.2 

6,920. 

612. 

610. 

66. 

44. 

38.4 

180.0 

44. 

49.2 

4.2 

1.5 

17. 

3,100.0 

15. 

15. 

1.1 

2.3 

2.2 

14.8 

13.7 

15.1 

.4 

.8 

.004 

2.32 

10.2 

10  2 

.026 

.042 

.026 

.062 

.358 

.43 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.16 

.15 

3.2 

.10 

.3 

.45 

4.6 

1.9 

1.8 

4.7 

5.5 

6.7 

42.2 

14.3 

25.6 

2,076.4 

99.3 

95.2 

.5 

1.0 
37.5 

2.97 
122.9 

13.1 

37.8 

13.1 

37.9 

49.5 

29.3 

93.6 

63.2 

68.3  * 

276.3 

80.2 

80.0 

.4 

2.0 

.7 

2.3 

4.4 

4.6 

.4 

.8 

10.6 

2.3 

1.5 

1.7 

6.5 

9. 

11.1 

14.8 

10.1 

11.7 

.7 

.7 

14.1 

.4 

1.4 

1.8 

4.2 

1.5 

17.0 

3,100.0 

15.0 

15.0 

240.3 

11.0 

43.4 

986.2 

2.7 

2.5 

Combinations. 


§.3- 

flee 

P 

'  j».g 

§1 

O 

3S 

Is 

0 

dp 

£L3 

Cm 

IS 

c 

j»g 

IS 

0 

1.1 

.06 
.46 

1.1 

2.8 

.06 
.16 

4.7 

.27 

.7 
89.9 

.04 
5.24 

2.3 

8.9 

.13 
.51 

2.9 
10.6 

.17 
.61 

KN03 

7.9 

KC1 

15.4 
28.1 
32.1 

.89 
1.63 
1.87 

Na  N03 

.8 

.05 

7.55 

i.6 

31.8 

'"'."09 
1.85 

5.038.2 
291.0 

293.89 
16.97 

17.8 

4.1 

212.6 

1.03 

.23 

12.39 

16.4 

3.7 

201.2 

.95 

.21 

11.73 

NaCl 

129.4 

Na.  S04 

Na.  CQ3....   .. 

1.8 

.10 

(NHJ*  S04     . 

2.7 

.16 

15.9 
610.9 

""426.*2 

377.0 

4.7 

4.3 

31.3 

.92 

35.63 

'24.' 86 

19.72 

27 

!25 

1.82 

34.9 

2.03 

34.9 

2.03 

(NH4)2C03.... 
MgSQ4     

190.2 

11.09 
2.27 

27.3 

82.7 

i.59 

4.82 

39.1 

130.6 

7.61 

131.5 

7.66 

132.0 

7.74 

MgCOs 

CaS04. 

233.9 

13.64 
.05 
.05 
.81 

157.8 

4.2 

1.5 

19.1 

9.21 
.24 
.09 

1.11 

170.6 
1.5 
19.9 
23.6 
37.3 

9.95 
.09 
1.16 
1.37 
2.18 

200.4 

9.1 

2.8 

22.6 

11.68 

.53 

.16 

1.31 

199.8 

9.6 

3.2 

23.2 

11.65 

.55 

.18 

1.34 

CaCOs 

.8 

FeCO, 

.8 
13.9 

Al3  03 

Si  O2 

619.7 

36.13 

353.2 

20.58 

443.2 

25.82 

6,890.1 

399.61 

647.0 

3T.66 

638.3 

37.16 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

P.  B. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

142 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.   10 


Analyses  of  Illinois. 


Town   

Middlesworth. 

Shelby  

3648 

Milan ... 

Mill  Shoals.... 

White 

11186  

Milo  . 

County   

Rock  Island. .. 
7536 

Laboratory  number 

4444    . 

Date    

June  2,1908.... 
G.  L.  Douthit . 
Spring,  9 'feet . 

Mav  14,1900... 
(7.  G.Craig  ... 

1157  feet 

St.  Peter 

Flowing 

July  8,1903.... 
C.E.Webber. 

Dec.  2,1898 

Owner  

Depth •    . 

Thos.  Brown.. 
142  feet 

Strata 

Rock    . 

Remarks 

Turbidity  

Distinct 

Yellow 

.000 

Very  slight 

.01 
.000 

Distinct 

.1 
.000 

Color 

.6 

Odor 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue  

634. 

64.4 

7.' 

14. 

9.6 

.4 

.000 

1148. 
18. 
■       183. 
3.8 
1.32 
.012 
.002 
.16 

942.8 
75.2 
11. 
3.4 
1.32 
.094 
.000 
.08 

382 

58 

Chlorine  

1 

Oxygen  consumed 

6  5 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.  jAlb..ammonia.. 

4. 
.108 
000 

.25 

Lithium  Li 

7.8 

55.1 

12.34 

44.8 

114.2 

3.1 

1.5 

11.4 

2.0 

7.0 

106.8 

11.9 

343.4 

1.7 

18.1 

40.7 

.4 

.5 

6.0 

.7 

183.0 

389.5 

2.5 

30.4 

1.7 

42.3 

187.5 

2.8 

4.1 

9.9 

.3 

11.0 

657.6 

4  5 

Sodium  Na 

26.4 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

Magnesium  Mg 

5.1 
41.8 

Ferrous  Fe 

69.0 
1.5 

2.2 

Silica  Si 

4.6 

Nitrate  NOa  

1.1 

Chloride  CI 

1.0 

Sulphate  S04 

.7 

Phosporic  P04 

Hypothetical 


13 
3* 

IS 

O 
crptJ 

IS 

O 

crq-o 

3  £J 

IS 

Q 

wg 

63  n 

1    ■ 
3* 

Is 

•    9 

dp 

65  n> 

Potassium  Nitrate 

3.2 
12.4 

.19 
.72 

1.1 

21.9 

.06 
1.27 

.6 
4.3 

.04 
.25 

1.9 
2.1 
1.3 

3.8 

.11 

Potassium  Chloride 

.12 

Potassium  Sulphate 

.07 

Potassium  Carbonate 

.22 

Sodium  Nitrate 

Sodium  Chloride , 

1.8 

15.8 

113.3 

.10 

.83 

6.61 

284.4 
576.2 
103.1 

16.59 

33.61 

6.01 

14.9 
73.5 

.87 
4.29 

60.9 

3.55 

6.2 

.36 

Ammonium  Carbonate  ... 

32.8 

1.91 

4.5 

.26 

13.6 

.79 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

210. 

12.25 

156.0 

9.09 

63.0 

3.67 

145.3 

8.46 

616.8 
15.0 
5.8 

7.8 
20.2 

35.98 

.88 

.34 

.46 

1.18 

Calcium  Carbonate 

285.4 

6.4 

2.8 

24.3 

16.64 

•    .37 

.16 

1.42 

101.8 

.8 

1.0 

12.8 

5.93 
.05 
.06 
.75 

172.3 

3.0 

4.2 

9.7 

Trace  . 

10.00 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

.20 

Alumina 

.24 

Silica 

.56 

Trace  . 

Total 

654.2 

38.04 

1170.6 

68.26 

975.1 

56.90 

481.1 

24.32 

Analyst 

R.  ^ 

V.  S. 

R.  'S 

V.  S. 

P. 

B. 

R.  > 

V.  S. 

BARTOW  ET.   AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


143 


Milton 

Pike 

Minonk 

Woodford ... 
3539 

Momence  . 
Kankakee  . 

4428 

Nov.  29,1898 
A.  S.  Burt  . 

22  feet  

Limestone. 

Montgom'ry 

Kane 

6877 

M'tgomery 

Kane 

77 

M'tgomery 

Kane 

11674  

Dec.  11, 1903 

J.  Wells... 

132  feet  .... 

Rock 

Flowing. .. 

Very  slight 
.000 
.000 

4142 

Sept.  28,1898. 
Wm.  Perry.. 

44  feet.. 

Drift . 

May  3,1898  .. 

W.  Minshall. 

1780  feet 

Rock 

City  supply. 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Feb.  8.1900  .. 
E.  E.Caldw'l 

80  feet 

Rock 

Oct.  14,1895 
J.  Templ'n 
Artesian  . . . 

Flowing 

Slight 

Flowing. .. 

Slight 

.03 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

.01 
.000 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

312. 

2226. 
8. 
980. 
5.2 
.8 

.036 
.000 
.4 

584. 
102. 
40. 
1.8 
.532 
.07 
.003 
2. 

476.8 

8.4 

5. 

1.5 
.376 
.032 
.000 
.08 

520.8 

18. 

8. 

3.2 

1.6 
.718 
.026 
.001 
.04 

1.2 

.000 

.026 

.000 

1.10 

.12 

10.4 

117.4 

6.8 

27.4 

845.7 

1.0 

4.2 

8.2 

.7 

.5 

4.4 

1.8 

980.0 

118.6 

20.1 
21.4 

.7 
47.2 
93.9 

.1 

.5 
2.4 

.9 
40.0 
96.6 

5.0 

187.8 

.5 

2.2 

4.6 

Trace  . 

.4 

4.7 

3 

5.0 

18.2 

8.9 

89.8 

.9 

27.1   . 

45.1 

.2 

1.1 

4.1 

.2 

3.2 

139.4 

26.1 

62.5 

1.0 

1.1 

3.4 

14.0 

.6 

11.4 

4/8 

2.6 

8.0 

2.6 

3.3 
17.6 

Combinations. 


3.3 

as 

yJtn 

CTQ'O 
p  (T> 

3* 

Is 

C 
cIS 

p  rt> 

H3 

Sin 
3  >-i 

as  ' 
tog 

p  a 

Is 

: 

O 

as 

p  ft> 

E2  en 

IS 

a 

P  Ct> 

aw 

tog 

4.5 

.26 

2.9 
51.1 

.17 

2.98 

1.5 

37.2 

.09 
2.16 

.6 
9.0 

.03 
.52 

.4 

6.8 

11.5 

.02 
.40 
.67 

KN03 

*23.*3 

"i'M 

KC1  .... 

K*  SO+  . 

K.,  CQ3 

2.8 

.16 
.76 
.16 

NaN03 

13.2 

1575.4 
175.4 
372.8 

91.90 
10.23 
21.75 

36.7 
21.3 

2.14 
1.25 

1.1 

27.0 

411.4 

.06 

1.57 

24.00 

6.5 

26.0 

245.2 

.38 

1.52 

14.31 

NaCl 

2.7 

196.9 
59.8 

11.48 
3.49 

Na,  S04 

Na>  C03 

2.6 

.15 

(NH,).  S04 

2.7 

.12 

1.3 

08 

2.4 

.14 

(NH4).,  C03..   . 

1.0 

.06 
5.25 

101.5 
91.7 

5.92 
5.34 

l 

MgS04 

MgCU3 

CaS04 

90.1 

14.6 

.80 

7.6 

.44 

12. 

.7 

94.3 

5.50 

15R.2 

2.1 

2.0 

24.3 

9.11 
.12 
.11 

1.41 

20.4 
1.5 
1.0 

9.4 

1.19 
.08 
.06 
.55 

234.5 

.3 

.9 

5.0 

13.67 
.02 
.05 
.29 

11.4 

Trace  . 

.6 

9.9 

.66 

"".02 

.58 

35. 
1.3 
Tr'ce 

5.5 

2.04 

.08 

Tr'ce 

.32 

112.9 
.5 
2 

8.8 

6.59 
.03 
.01 
.51 

CaCU3 

FeCOa 

A1,03 

SiO, 

Lio  O  . 

298.9 

17.40 

2226.8 

129.83 

533.2 

31.08 

479.9 

27.97 

354.8 

20.71 

494.5 

28.84 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.W.  S. 

A.  W.  P. 

P.  B. 

144 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OE  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Morgan  Park.. 
Cook 

Morrison 

Whiteside 

3093 

Dec.  25,  1897... 

J.  Grierson 

1640  feet 

Potsdam 

Mossville 

Mound  City.  .. 

County 

9212 

13385  

July  28. 1905.... 
D.  H.  Maury.. 

3561 

Date 

July  24,  1901... 
W.  H.Knox.. 
50feet 

Mav  11,1898 

A.  Dougherty. 
800  feet 

Depth 

Strata 

Clay 

Remarks 

Flowing 

Turbidity 

Clear 

Slight 

Clear    . 

Color 

.000 
.000 

.01 
.000 

.000 
.000 

03 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c, 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

2907.2 
94.2 
71. 
3.2 
.05 
.076 
.000 
21. 
6.5 

824.    • 
64. 
1. 
1.4 
.18 
.03 
.000 
.12 
7.8 

.24 

31.8 
61.6 

382. 

417  2 

Loss  on  ignition 

40. 

Chlorine 

1.9 
1  25 
.038 
.050 
.000 
.020 
3.4 

160 

1  9 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.^lb.^ammonia.. 

.36 
.012 
000 

5 

Potassium  K 

8  5 

82  0 

Ammonium  (NHJ 

.5 

79.1 

604.0 

.7 

1.5 

7.1 

93.0 

71.0 

1644.7 

35.7 

84.5 
.3 
4.2 
5.9 
4.0 
1.9 

23.2 

14.4 

Calcium  Ca 

53.8 

.6 

Aluminium  Al 

SilicaSi 

3.2 

5.0 

1.0 

20.8' 

4.9 

Nitrate  NOs 

2.2 

Chloride  CI , 

160.0 

Sulphate  S04 

15.2 

Hypothetical 


O 

S3  n> 

*0 

It 

II 

O 

'up 
/-co 

crqw 

►a 

£Icn 

Is 

Potassium  N  itrate 

16.8 

.97 

.9 

2.1 

13.4 

.05 
.11 

.81 

6.6 
1.6 

.39 

.09 

3.6 
13.7 

.21 

Potassium  Chloride 

.79 

113.3 

64.3 

6.57 
3.73 

1.8 
12.1 

.11 
.71 

208.5 

12.15 

Sodium  Sulphate 

19.0 

6.6 

1.15 

.38 

1.4 

.07 

.6 

.03 

Magnesium  Nitrate 

42.8 
360.9 

2.48 
20.93 

56.8 

3.30 

18.9 
111.1 

1.1 

6.48 

110.8 

6.45 

15.2 

21.  H 

104.9 

.96 

1921.6 
96.4 

111.42 
5.59 

1.25 

153.9 
.1 



8.97 
.01 

211.1 

12.31 

6.11 

1.4 
2.8 
15.2 

2634.9 

.08 
.16 

.88 

.6 

7.9 

12.6 

.04 
.46 
.74 

1.3 

.07 

Silica    

6.6 

.38 

10.5 

.61 

Total 

152.81 

314.0 

18.34 

384.3 

22.43 

437.4 

25.52 

Analyst 

A.  L.  M. 

R.  W.  S. 

J.  M.  L. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Waters—  Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


145 


Mound  City. 

Pulaski 

8927 

Mound  City. 

Pulaski 

8991 

Mo'ndCity 

Pulaski 

9833 

Nov. 22, 1901 
W.R'nsh'w 
800  feet  .... 

Rock  

Flowing. .. 

Mt.  Morris  .. 

Ogle 

2598    

Mt.  Pulaski 

Logan  

13558-9-60  . 
Sept.  18, 1905 
W.H.Stafd 

33feet 

Drift 

City  sup'ly 

Clear  

.000 
.000 

Mt. Sterling 

Hrown 

3373 

Feb."  224898 
K.  Gesch'er 
2433  feet.... 
>t.  Peter.  .. 
City  well  .. 

Distinct 

Muddy  .... 
Sour 

Dec.  29,  1900. 

Citv  W.  W.. 

634  feet 

Rock 

City  supply  . 

Slight 

.01 
.000 

Mar.  13,  1901. 
M.  Miller.... 

800  feet  

Rock  

Flowing 

Auer.  25,1897. 

R.McCreedy 

500  feet 

Sandstone.  .. 

City  supply  . 

Very  slight.. 
.02 
.000 

.1 
Stale  

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

258.4 

263.6 
7.2 
67. 
2.8 
.264 
.038 
.000 
.08 

400.4 
46.8 
28.0 
1.5 
.000 
.022 
.000 
10.76 
2.0 
15.5 

694 

4076.4 
390. 
1310. 
466.8 
.48 
2.24 
.002 
.16 
58.6 
1064.6 
.6 
72.4 
170.8 
4.0 

10. 

66. 
2.6 

67. 

57.8 
2.8 
.022 
.050 
.000 

18.0 

.264 

.034 

.000 

.04 

22.8 

33.6 
.3 

47.1 

.3 

9.4 

42.2 

57.9 

17.2 

9.7 

37.3 

.6 

10.7 
36.5 

41.1 

78.6 

.6 

.5 

6.2 

47.5 

28.0 

24.1 

59.1 
182.9 

.2 

1.5 

4.1 
.2 

2.7 

.4 

2.8 

14.6 

3. 

3.6 

88.5 
57.8 
112.8 

5.6 

.7 

1310.0 

855.1 

66.0 
12.2 

67.0 
17.5 

Combinations. 


C 

dptJ 

11 
§1 

O 

eg 

aqn 

3£ 

—  CO 

§i 

O 

i"co 

&5  Cb 

II 

C 
crqtJ 

II 

a 

3£ 

CIco 

Si 

O 

&5  <T> 

.3 

.02 
2.51 

5.2 

.30 

1.2 
111.0 

.06 
6.47 

KNOs 

43.3 

K  CI  .... 

K*  SC»4  . 

.5 

4.6 

21.6 

87.9 

.03 

.26 

1.25 

5.C9 

"iio.*6 

25.9 
14.4 

"6Jh 

1.51 

.84 

57.3 

3.34 

63.3 

3.70 

Na  N03  .'.'..    ", 

74.8 

4.34 

.75 

2071.7 
770.0 

120.85 
44.93 

Na  CI . 

13. 

Na,  S04....'.'.'.l 
Na,  C(J3 

NHtCl.'" 

.'9 

""M 

.'9 

"".05 

2.3 

.13 

(NHJa  S04.... 

(NHj,COs.... 

Mg  (N03)2 

MgCL.. 

3.2 
74.9 
30.2 
53.6 

.20 
4.37 
1.76 
3.12 

50.6 
77.9 
141.6 

8.8 

2.9« 

4.55 

8.26 

.51 

'359.'9 

20. 99 

Mg  SOt 

33.6 

1.95 

32.7 

1.89 

37.4 

2.18 

Mg  C03  .. 

Ca  Cl2 

12.4 

.72 
4.89 

63.8 
379.8 

3.75 
12.15 

CaSQ4.. . 

81.3 

105.3 
1.2 

6.11 

.07 

91.1 
2.4 

5.31 
.14 

196.2 

11.50 

457.0 
7.2 

26.66 
.42 

Ca  C03 

Fe,  03+AL  Og. 
Fe  CO, 

1.3 

'    .07 
.02 

.51 

i.3 

1.0 
13.1 

.07 
.06 
.75 

8.2 

2.9 

12.0 

.48 
.16 
.70 

.3 

AL  Oa     . 

8.8 

5.8 

.33 

6.4 

.37 

j.  7. 7 

.45 

Si  02 

273.0 

15.83 

260.5 

15.08 

288.2 

16.80 

436.0 

25.47 

814.1 

47.51 

3782.8 

210.66 

A.R 

.J. 

A.R 

J. 

A.  D.  E. 

R.W 

r.s. 

J.M.L. 

R.  W.  S. 

10  G 


146 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Mt.  Sterling... 

Brown 

3374.     . 

Mt.  Sterling... 

Mt.  Vernon  . .. 

Jefferson 

4388..  . 

9648. 

8106. 

Date 

Feb.  22,  1898... 
E.(7eschwind1r 

2433  feet 

St.  Peter 

City  well 

Slight 

Nov.  2,  1901.... 
C.  Brockman.. 

2433  feet 

St.  Peter 

Nov.  17,  1898... 
A.  C. Johnson. 

Aug.  6,  1900..  .. 

Depth 

Spring 

Strata 

Remarks 

City  well 

Turbidity 

Decided 

Yellow 

Distinct 

Yellow 

V.  Slight 

Yellow. 

Color 

.02 
.000 

Odor 

.000 

.     .000 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

714. 

36.4 
73. 
2.5 

.008 
.084 
.002 
.21 
9.9 
206.7 

1782.8 
228. 
445. 
7.3 
.512 
.128 
.012 
.148 
18.6 
445.2 
.7 
20.1 
56.6 
21.0 
15. 
13.6 

1348.8 
72. 
23. 
2.3 
1.52 
.044 
.000 
.75 
5.6 
101.6 
1.9 
68.5 
125.6 
22.8 
12.2 
20.2 

26f4.8 

238.8 

28 

3.1 

fFree  ammonia  .. 
Nitrogen  as. ^^.ammonia... 

.128 

.068 
.065 

1.76 

Potassium  K 

6.3 

111.1 

Ammonia  (NH4) 

.2 

Magnesium  Mg 

23.6 
39.6 

1.4 
.8 

5.1 

203.0 

Calcium  Ca 

319.1 

7.8 

Aluminium  Al 

36.1 

30.1 

Nitrite  NOz 

Nitrate  N()3 

.9 
73.0 
61.6 

.9 
445.0 

268.5 

3.3 

23.0 

940.8 

7.8 

ChlorideCl. 

Sulphate  S04 

28.0 
1590.6 

Hypothetical 


13 

9 

<KiT3 

II 

11 

o 

orqu 

§1 

C 

CK?t3 

'-o 

1.1 

den 

is 

Q 

Potassium  Nitrite 

1.5 

17.8 

.09 
1.03 

1.5 
34.3 

.09 
2.00 

5.4 
6.8 

.31 

.39 

12.7 

2.7 

.74 

Potassium  Chloride 

.16 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Potassium  Carbonate 

Sodium  Nitrate 

106.4 

90.5 

312.5 

6.20 
5.28 
17.46 

707.4 

397.2 

87.9 

41.26 

23.17 

5.12 

32.6 
273.6 

1.89 
15.96 

44.5 
283.9 

2.60 

16.60 

6.9 

.40 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

1.9 

.11 

.4 

.02 

Magnesium  Chloride 

340.5 

19.83 

552.4 
319.2 
1085.6 

32.04 

82.4 

4.80 

70.1 

4.08 

18.51 

Calcium  Sulphate 

426.9 

24.90 

63.50 

97.8 

5.70 

141.5 

8.26 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

61.8 

3.61 

2.9 
1.6 

.16 
.09 

43.5 
28.2 

2.51 
1.64 

16.1 

.94 

76.6 
43.0 
36.5 

4.46 
2.51 
2.12 

227. 
65.6 

13.17 

Silica 

10.8 

.63 

28.8 

1.68 

3.84 

Free  Sulphur  Acid 

Suspended  matter 

Total 

724.2 

41.44 

1542.3 

89.92 

1310.6 

76.38 

2610.1 

152.12 

Analyst 

R.  W.  S.             A.  D.  E. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  R.  J. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


147 


Mt.  Vernon  . 

Jefferson 

9146. 

Mt.  Vernon  . 

Jefferson 

10957 

Mar.  26,  1903. 
M  D.Greene 
102  feet 

Moweaqua 
Shelby  .... 
9064 

Murphysb'ro 

Jackson 

2607 

Neponset.. 

Bureau 

9284 

Neunert.... 
Jackson.. .. 
4307. 

June  25,  1901. 
F.  J.  Butler.. 

13  feet 

Drift 

Mar.  22, 1901 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
650  ft.  shaft. 

Aug.  27,  1897. 
J .  D .  Peters . 
Spring 

Aug.  3,  1901 
A.E.Stets'n 

167  feet 

Rock  

Nov.  1,1898 
J.Schlimp't 

51feeU 

Sand 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Decided.... 
Muddy  — 
.000 

Decided.... 

Yellow 

.000 

Cloudy 

Whisky 

Yellow 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

1092.80 
93.2 
18.4 
5.1 
1.04 
.096 
1.05 
6.19 

107.5 

33.6 

121.1 

3.3 

1.7 

21. 

3.4 

27.5 

18.4 

628.5 

2317.2 
180. 
24. 
2.7 
.11 
.102 
.016 
8. 

152.9 

504.8 
21.6 

314. 

22. 
2.0 
3. 
.16 
.052 
.000 
.2 
2.2 
68.3 

14.8 
71.8 

9.9 

8.0 

17.7 

5.6 

2. 
.128 
.007 
.233 

4.6 
17.2 

39.6 
88.1 
42 
17.0 
21.8 

.04 

5.96 
4.5 
36.3 

4.8 
383.2 

4.3 

305.1 
.8 

108.3 
205.0 

54.1 
416.7 
.14 
.84 
17.2 

1.3 

7. 

12.7 

26.4 
20.0 
80.4 

21.2 
820.0 
432.9 

27.5 

24.0 

1420.5 

1.0 

.6 

2.4 

.9 
2.0 

3.4 

Combinations. 


3  ™ 

jag 

3* 

CCO 

Q 

crqtJ 
fo  n 

31 

is 

O 

as 
i»g 

CTQ'd 

IS 

Ceo 

11 

Q 

JQt3 
fa  rc 

3* 

Ceo 

Is 

O 

3£ 

Ceo 

Is 

Q 

(TQ-O 

05    ft 

5.3 
27.5 

.31 
1.61 

KNO,.   ..;      .... 

11.6 

.67 

17. 

.99 

1.7 
1.3 
4.4 
2.3 

.10 
.08 
.26 
.13 

1.5 
3.0 

.09 
.17 

KNO3 

KC1 

K2SO4 

K~C(_)3  

26.4 

1.53 
1.91 

2.89 

14.5 

30.2 

282.8 

.85 

1.76 

16.49 

29.1 
954.1 

1.69 
55.34 

22. 

39.5 

405.4 

1.28 

2.3 

23.64 

NaNOs 

33.0 

1.0 

5.0 
12.8 

.05 
.29 
.74 

NaCl 

49.9 

Na„S04  . 

39.7 

2.31 

Na2C03  

4.8 

.28 

(NH4),S05 

(NHJICO3 

Mg  CI, 

7.4 

.43 

323.0 
129.9 

18.73 

21.6 

1.25 

266.4 

15.54 

7.53 

269. 

15.67 

MgSO?..  . 

137.8 
22i.'3 

8.03 

51.6 
178.2 

3.00 
'l6!39 

MgC03. 

41.6 

2.41 
42.43 

312.6 

72.7 

18.23 
4.24 

466.1 

169.5 

6.2 

27.03 

9.83 

.36 

1319.4 
70.9 

76.95 
4.13 

CaS04 ...'.. 

731.6 

CaCOB 

Fe203+Al203.. 
Fe  SOj    . 

1.8 

.10 
.14 

6.8 
5.3 

.40 
.31 

.3 
1.6 

.02 
.09 

8.7 
32.9 

.51 
1.92 

20.4 
15.1 

1.18 

.87 

Fe  C03    . 

2.4 

Al2  Q3 

A12(S05)3 

SiO, 

14.8 

.86 

44.8 

2.62 

27.0 

1.57 

36.6 

2.13 

46.5 

2.71 

37.6 

2.18 

47.0 

3.32 

2181.7 

934.7 

54.19 

1130.7 

65.96 

2104.9 

122.08 

127.2 

504.0 

29.39 

326.2 

18.96 

A.  L. 

M. 

P.  B. 

A.L 

.  M. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

A.  I 

).  E. 

R.  \ 

v.s. 

148 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


BULL.    NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

New  Burnside. 

Johnson 

7934 

Newman 

Douglas 

1693 

Dec  4. 1896  .... 
J.  H.Williams 
72feet. 

Newman 

Douglas 

4750 

Feb.  28.1899.... 
C.  S.  Burgett.. 
155  feet. 

County 

Laboratory  No 

1S567 

Date 

July  16,1900.... 
G.  W.  Smoot.. 
fi2feet 

Sept.  18,1905... 

J.  C.  Berg 

Spring 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata  

Remarks 

Flowing 

Flowing 

Turbidity 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Color 

.04 
.000 

Muddy 

000 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1.000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

5872.8 
596. 
60.4 
1.5 
.12 
.056 
.004 
.16 
18.6 

1224. 

8.2 
450. 
28.5 
12. 
.72 
.000 
.3 
8.3 
371.5 
15.4 
23.2 
50.8 
8.1 
1.7 
6. 
1.3 
450.0 
.7 

449 

Chlorine 

2  4 

3.35 

fFree  ammonia.. 

.056 

Nitrogen  as. J  ^..ammonia... 

.1 

.000 

.08 

Potassium  K 

6.7 

108.9 

1.5 

20.7 

32.3 

.6 

2.2 

1.2 

.4 

12.0 

4.0 

15.8 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

Magnesium  Mg , 

597.5 

402.5 

28.6 

7.4 

13.1 

.7 

60.4 

2118.7 

32.0 

Calcium  Ca 

113.8 

1.1 

Aluminium  Al 

1.0 

Silica  Si 

12.5 

Nitrate  N03,.. 

.3 

Chloride  CI 

2.4 

Sulphate  S04 

9.5 

Hypothetical 


E2qd 

Q 
CIS 

BPt3 

SL-rc 

0 

0Q-O 

C 

Potassium  Nitrate    

1.1 

34.7 

.06 
2.02 

.7 
12.3 

.04 

.72 

2.0 
14.4 

.11 

.84 

.6 
5.0 
2.4 

.04 

Potassium  Chloride 

.29 

.14 

72.3 
803.5 

4.22 

46.87 

.10.1 

.58 

730.4 

1.0 

193.0 

42.60 

.06 

11.25 

12.1 

27.5 

.71 

Sodium  Carbonate 

241.8 

14.10 

1.61 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

3.9 

.23 

40.9 

2.38 

1969.8 

700.1 

1005.7 

114.90 
40.83 
58.66 

72.4 
80.5 

4.22 
4.69 

78.9 
126.9 

4.60 
7.40 

iii.3       6.50 

Calcium  Carbonate 

284.3 

16.55 

Oxide  of  Tron  and  Aluminium. 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

59.2 
14.0 
24.4 

3.45 

.82 

1.42 

1.3 
4.2 

2/6 

.07 
.24 
.15 

16.7 
3.2 

12.7 

.97 
.18 
.74 

2.3 

2.0 
26.6 

.13 

Alumina 

.12 

Silica 

1.56 

Total 

4684,8 

273.25 

429.8 

25.04      1220.1 

71.13 

474.1 

27,65 

Analyst 

R.  W.  S. 

C.R.R. 

R.  W.  S. 

J.M.  L. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Viaters — Continued. 


WATER    ANALYSES. 


149 


Normal 

McLean 

10359 

Normal 

McLean 

42.3 

Oct.  27,1898.. 

O.  Seibert . .. 

179feet 

Gravel  sand.. 

City  supply  . 

Distinct 

.2 
.000 

N.  Chicago 

Lake 

692:4 

Feb.  15,19C0 
M'rro'  Bros 

174feet 

Kock 

Oak  Park.... 

Cook 

6118 

Oakwood.. 
Vermilion. 

12818  

Jan.  8,1*0.5. 
J.E.  Dysert 
40feet 

Oconee 

Shelby 

6437 

Dec.  1,1899. 
C.  Moref 'Id 
Spring 

Apr.  22,1902.. 
R.  McCauley 
106  feet 

Oct.  19,1899.. 
W.  P.  Utley. 
Artesian 

Flowing 

Slight "... 

.01 
.000 

Flowing. .. 

Slight 

.2 
Musty 

Slight 

.01 
.000 

Decided  ... 

Muddy 

.000 

Distinct 

Yellow  .... 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

370. 

23.6 

1.4 

3.3 

1.4 
.06 
.006 
.634 

37.3 

32.7 

60.3 

1.2 

410.8 
30. 
10. 
7.1 
1.12 
.176 
.000 
.4 
2.8 
71.8 
1.4 
23.8 
52.3 
1.4 
.7 
7.6 
1.7 
10.0 

424.4 
11.2 
18.2 
1.8 
.22 
.074 
.000 
.12 
.7 
103.3 

10^6 

21.8 

.2 

.4 

4.6 

.6 

18.2 

201.6 

779.2 
17.6 
164. 
1.4 
.376 
.022 
.002 
.16 
13.5 
135.4 
.5 
32.5 
92.7 
.3 
.9 
3.5 
.7 
164.0 
189.6 

1251.2 

79.T"" 

19.05 

14.40 
.460 
.000 
.20 
6.5 
157.6 

17.5 

21.4 

389 

772. 
94. 
10.2 
4.4 
.52 
.128 
.000 
.28 

88.8 
.7 
55.8 
79.6 
11.9 

4.7 
16.4 

1.3 

10.2 

230.6 

.8 

6.3 

2.7 

1.4 

13.2 

5. 
.9 
79.5 
1.3 

Combinations. 


IS 

0 

O 

Clp 

jog 

SL3 

II 
Is 

C 
jog 

09 -0 
£L<T> 

B-| 

11 

0 
jog 

09  X) 

Q 
jof 

09  -O 

YJU) 
09  TJ 
£•2 

4.5 

.26 
.17 

.18 

2  8 
3.3 

.16 
.19 

.9 

.8 

.05 
.05 

1.1 

24.9 

.06 
1.45 

1.5 
11.3 

.09 
.66 

2.0 

3.8 

.11 

.22 

KNOs  

2.9 

K  CI 

3.1 

K2  S04 

13.8 

.80 

29.3 
283.0 

1.71 

16.50 

250.7 
113.6 

14.62 
6.62 

122.3 
2.0 

250.7 

7.13 
.12 

14.62 

13.8 
257.2 

.80 
15.00 

NaCl 

17.0 

.99 
4.28 

Naj  SO. 

73.3 

152.9 

8.92 

Na.COs 

1.1 

.06 

1.8 

.10 

2.5 

.14 

(NH4)2  S04  .. 

4.7 

.27 

3.7 

.21 

46.6 

2.72 

(NH4)2  C03.... 

12.0 
28.6 
54.6 

.70 
1.66 
3.19 

140.7 

14.7 

231.6 

8.20 

.86 

13.51 

68.7 
146.2 

198.9 

4  66 

8  52 
11.60 

M^  S04 

113.8 
150.7 

6.63 
8.78 

82.9 
130.7 

4.83 
7.62 

74.6 

97.3 

1.9 

4.35 

5.68 

.11 

mrcos 

CaCOs 

Ke,  O,  +ALO3 

2.4 

.14 

.09 

.77 

2.8 

1.3 

16.2 

.16 
.08 
.91 

.3 

.7 

9.7 

.02 
.04 

.56 

.6 
1.1 

7.5 

.03 

.06 
.44 

24.6 

8.8 

34.1 

1.4S 

.51 

1.98 

FeC03  ......... 

15 

Al2  03 

13.3 

10.7 

.52 

SiOs 

387.2 

22.56 

410.4 

23.88 

421  0 

24.54 

78S.3 

45.95 

618.9 

36.0 

760  6 

44.31 

A.  D.  E. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

J.M.L. 

R.  W.S. 

150 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


BULL.    NO.    10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Oconee 

Shelby 

6439 

Oconee 

Shelby 

6440 

Odell 

Livingston 

4815 

March  15,1899.. 
H.  McCleary.. 

292  feet 

Rock 

Odell 

Livingston 

5051 

Laboratory  number 

Date 

Dec.  1,1899  .... 
C.  Morefield  .. 
Spring 

Dec.  1,1899  .... 
C.  Morefield.. 

Mar   16    1899 

W.  P.  Cleary.. 

6  feet 

Sand  and  grav. 
8x12x6 

Depth 

Strata  

Capacity  

Remarks 

Turbidity 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Slight 

Distinct 

.04 
.000 

Distinct 

.07 
.000 

Color 

.03 
.000 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

1269.2 
124.8 
20. 
.4 

.004 
.062 

1.4 

132.9 

825.2 

96.4 

14.7 

1.1 

.024 

.11 

2.8 

97.5 

1148. 
32. 
485. 
4. 
.44 
.082 
.000 
.15 

411.2 

6.7 

19.9 

.9 

1.7 

4.4 

.7 

485.0 

2.5 

762  4 

Loss  on  ignition 

35  2 

7 

Oxygen  consumed 

1  3 

fFree  ammonia. 
Nitrogen  as.J  Alb.  ammoma.. 

.09 
.082 
000 

^Nitrates 

12 

3  0 

Sodium  Na 

27  0 

Magnesium  Mg 

105.6 

126.1 

Trace 

.8 

9.2 

6.2 

20.0 

538.5 

65.8 

93.1 

1.1 

2.8 

13.6 

12.4 

14.7 

229.2 

69  8 

Calcium  Ca 

128  4 

Ferrous  Fe 

2  9 

9 

Silica  Si 

8  4 

6 

Chloride  CI 

7  0 

Sulphate  S04 

254  4 

Hypothetical 


£103 
§2 

O 

93  (V 

►d 

Q  . 
orq  T3 

3£ 

0 

trqtJ 

3£ 
hi:  co 

Q 

93   <t> 

Potassium  Nitrate    

7.7 

.45 

7.1 

.41 

1.1 

32.8 

.06 
1.91 

.9 
5.1 

.05 

Potassium  Chloride 

.30 

Sodium  N  itrate 

2.0 

32.9 

368.7 

.11 

1.92 

21.50 

11.0 

24-2 

262.4 

.    .64 

1.41 

15.31 

773.6 

3.7 

243.7 

45.13 

.21 

14.21 

7.6 
74.2 

.44 

Sodium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Carbonate 

4.32 

1.6 

.09 

361.6 
114.4 

21.09 
6.68 

64.8 
183.5 

3.77 
10.70 

255.3 
64.0 

14.88 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

23.5 

1.37 

3.73 

Calcium  Sulphate 

Calcium  Carbonate 

315.0 

Trace 

1.5 

19.6 

18.37 

Trace 

.09 

1.14 

232.5 

2.2 

5.4 

29.0 

13.56 
.13 
.31 

1.69 

49.6 
1.9 
2.2 
9.4 

2.88 
.11 
.13 
.55 

370.7 
6.1 
1.8 

17.8 

18.70 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

.35 

.10 

Silica 

1.03 

Total 

1223.4 

71.35 

822.1 

47.93 

1143.1 

66.65 

803.5 

43.90 

Analyst 

R.  W-  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW.  ET.  AL. 


WATER    ANALYSES. 


151 


Waters- — Continued. 


Olney 

Omaha 

Omega 

Onarga 

Onarga  — 

Onarga 

Richland 

Gallatin 

Marion  — 

Iroquois 

Iroquois  ... 

Iroquois  ... 

4371 

7645      

13004  

Mar.  14. 1905 

10334  

10368  

Mar.  29, 1902 

10374  

Mar.  28, 1902 

May  15. 1898.. 
C.  Edmiston. 

June  1,1900.. 

Mar.  26, 19:2.. 

S.C.Hall.... 

J.  L.  Reat . 

W.  Mathews. 

Mathews  .. 

W.M'thw's 

22  feet 

190  feet 

D.well  100ft 

113  feet 

Sand 

US  feet  .... 
Sand 

114  feet  .... 
Sand 

Slight.".'.*.!... 

Distinct 

Decided  . . . 

Slight 

Very  slight 

Decided  . .. 

.01 

.50 

Yellow  .... 

Very  little. .. 

.01 

Red  mud 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.05 

.000   ■ 

.000 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

462.8 

2358.4 

4864.4 

1090.8 

1070.8 

1022.8 

30. 

35.2 

113.2 

131.2 

112. 

48. 

1015.0 

120. 

65.0 

71.5 

8.7 

.8 

5.7 

3.15 

3.9 

3.3 

3.4 

.001 

2.16 

.040 

.156 

.128 

1.12 

.01 

.028 

.098 

.042 

.05 

.084 

.032 

.028 

.018 

2.8 

.16 

.16 

8.968 

8.572 

.182 

49.0 

876.7 

203.3 

69.1 

69.9 

130.2 

2.8 

17.5 

11.3 

422.7 

56.8 

6L.2 

61.7 

72.9 

34.0 

546.1 

163.8 

165.5 

143.7 

.4 

3.2 

2.9 

.7 

.7 

.9 

1.6 

.7 

2.8 

.5 

1.3 

11.3 

4.2 

2.1 

3.5 

9.7 

8.9 

12.4 

.7 

.7 

39.7 

38.1 

.8 

48.0 

1015.0 

120. 

65.0 

71.5 

8.7 

54.1 

47.1 

2625.2 

388.3 

403.2 

422.8 

Combinations. 


H 


^  Q 

3  £        oqtJ 


O  n> 


o 

-d 

C 

T> 

d3 

3* 

Cja 

3* 

i»3 

x-^ 

p* 

Er'o 

CfQW 

2  n 

jqtj 

SS 

T"^ 

1— "-» 

3| 


7.7 


.45 


10.5 
79.1 
49.2 


.61 
4.60 

2.86 


26.1 
42.6 


1  52 

2  48 


182.1 

.8 

.3 

24.1 


10.62 

.01 

.02 

1.40 


422.5 


24.60 


1.1 
13.3 


1662.2 
69.7 
461.2 


7.4 


85.0 
6.6 
1.4 


2356.2 


.06 
1.90 


96.96 

4.06 

26.90 


172.6 
427.1 


10.07 
24.91 


.43 

'2.' 29 

'i.  96 
.38 
.08 
.52 


2119.2 


123.62 


908.7 

696.2 

6.0 

5.2 

4.4 


53.01 

40.61 

.35 


137.41 


4373.0 


255.09 


R.  W.S. 


R.  W.  S. 


J.  M.  L. 


15.7 


41.4 
107.3 

48.8 


282.3 


183.6 

274.5 

1.4 


7,5 


962.5 


.91 

'2"ii 

6.26 

2.85 


16.46 


10.70 
16.01 


56.12 


A.  D.  E. 


18.  i 


117.1 
43.1 


1.10 


1.3 
10.5 


2.12 

6.82 
2.51 


6.4 
394.1 


5.1 


334.2 


151.7 

301.8 

1.4 

.1 

20.7 


1025.3 


19.48 


17.60 


.01 
1.21 


190.9 
81.1 

359.0 

1.9 

2.4 

19.0 

35.7 


59.78 


1107.3 


61 


.37 

22.98 


,30 


11.13 
4.73 

"20"93 

.11 

.14 

1.11 

2.07 

64.56 


A.  D.  E. 


A.D.  E. 


KN03 

KC1 

NaNOs 

NaCl 

Na5S04 

Na,C03  .... 
(NH4),S04. 
(NHJsCOs 

MgS04 

MgC03 

CaS04 

CaC03 

FeC03 

AlaOs 

SiO* 


152 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Onarga 

Iroquois 

10375 

Oquawka 

Henderson 

5588 

Oregon 

Ogie.. 

County , 

Laboratory  number 

49Y7. 

4909. 

Date 

Mar.  28,1902.... 
W.D.A.M'th'w 
105  feet 

Aug.  7,  1899.... 
H.  Patterson... 
50  feet 

Apr.  23,1899.... 
C.  Schneider  .. 

1601  feet 

St.P.&  Potsd'm 

Apr.  7,1899 

K    M.  Bruner. 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata. 

Sand 

St  Peter 

Remarks 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

Yellow 

.000 

Slight 

Distinct 

.04 
.000 

Slight 

Color 

.01 
.000 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

995.6 
102. 
7.9 
3. 

1.68 
.05 
.000 
.04 
6.6 

2.2 

58.6 

149.8 

2.8 

1.2 

9.4 

168.4 
24.4 
6. 
.7 

.001 
.024 
.000 
5.44 
.8 

300.4 
43.2 

4.6 
.8 
.08 
.01 
.000 
.1 

6.8 

8.2 

360  8 

44 

14 

fp>ee  ammonia.. 

Nirrnp-pn  a<»  -1  Alb-  ammonia... 
JNitrogenas.-j  Nitrites 

1.5 
.54 

.012 
.000 

Potassium  K 

.04 
5.8      • 

24.1 

Ammonium  (NrLJ 

.7 

Magnesium  Mg 

9.3 

32.9 

.15 

.6 

11.6 

24.1 

6. 

9.1 

33.4 

63.5 

.3 

.4 

3.7 

.5 

4.6 

16.3 

32.6 

Calcium  Ca 

71.0 

Silica  Si 

3.7 

Nitrate  N03  

.2 

Chloride  CI 

7.9 
398.4 

14. 

Sulphate  S04 

23.0 

Hypothetica- 


p  1-1 

Is 

»!J? 

el 

Q 

OS'S 

Potassium  Nitrate 

2.1 

.12 

.7 
9.6 
3.3 

.04 
.56 
.19 

.3 

10.8 

.02 

Potassium  Chloride 

12.7 

.74 

.63 

31.0 

1.80 

Sodium  Chloride 

3.1 
215.3 

.18 
12.55 

14.5 
34.1 

16.7 

.84 

21.5 

2.7 

1.25 

.16 

1.98 

.97 

8.1 

.47 

1.8 

.10 

8.0 
11.4 
17.2 

.46 

.66 

1.00 

291.6 

17.00 

116.1 

6.77 

113.6 

6.62 

19.6 
360.1 

1.14 

21.00 

82.1 

4.78 

158.7 

9.25 

177.3 
.6 

10.33 

.04 

5.8 
2.2 

.34 
.13 

.3 
1.2 

.02 
.07 

.6 
.8 

.03 
.05 

-Silica 

20.0 

1.17 

21.7 

1.44 

7.8 

.45 
18.75 

7.9 
377.6 

.46 

Total 

938.5 

54.72 

178.0 

10.35 

321.8 

21.99 

A.  D.  E. 

R.  W.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


153 


Ottawa 

LaSalle 

9277 

Aug.  5.1901.. 
Thos.  Large. 

Spring 

Gravel  


Distinct.  . 
.03 
.000 


Ottawa 

LaSalle 

92^9 

Aug.  8,1901.. 
Thos.  Large 
Artesian 


Flowing. . 

Slight 

.01 

.000 


Ottawa  .... 
LaSalle  — 

12846 

Jan.  16,1905 
K.C.lJord'n 
100  feet 


Flowing. .. 
None 

.000 

.000 


Ottawa 

LaSalle 

022 

Mar.  16,1897. 
C.  Halm... 
1120  feet 


Flowing. . 

Slight 

.04 
.000 


Palatine.... 

Cock 

1-M27 

Sept.  9,1904 
H.J.Iheiss 

130  feet 

Gravel 

Flowing.  .. 
V.  slight. .. 

.C00 
Peculiar  . .. 


Palestine  .. 
Crawford... 

13504 

Sept.  1.1905 
David  Fife. 

12o5 

Kock  

Flowing  ... 

Decided... 

Muddy  .... 

.000 


Milligrams      Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c  per  1,000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
per  l/GOOc.c 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 


Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 


378.4 
18.4 


.03 


.001 
3.52 
4.2 

7.2 


40.4 

63.5 

1.0 

2.3 

7. 

15.6 
9.0 

68.2 


3175.2 

34. 
1530. 
9.4 
1.4 
.07 
.000 
.   .2 
37.5 
764.2 
1.8 
185.2 
124.2 
.8 
.2 
5  4 
.9 
1530. 
181.4 


2179.2 


950. 
5.9 
1.120 
.038 
.000 
.12 
21.9 
429.2 
1.4 
65.8 
171.5 


5.8 

.12 

950.0 


372.8 
45.6 
25. 
1. 
.512 
.016 
.002 
.05 
9.7 
46.1 


785.2 


13189.2 


26.1 

64.0 
.4 
.3 

11.1 
.2 

25.0 
4.1 


.476 
.030 
.000 
.160 
2.3 
28.6 
.6 
55.5 
82.1 
.5 
2.4 
10.1 
.7 
3.1 
403.2 


5880.0 
19.9 
3.800 
.052 
.004 
.076 
69.4 
4316.3 
4.9 
197. 
267.3 
15.9 
16.0 
55. 
3  3 
5880^0 
2380.5 


Combinations. 


*t3 
E3  it 

O 
Cp 

p  n 

3* 

II 

Q 

Cp 

to  "5 

p  ft> 

3* 

II 

O 

p  ft 

a  A 

CfO_ 

c/-3' 

3£ 

§1 

Q 

fog 
EL? 

3^ 

O  1 

C 

eg 

TO  I? 

p  ft> 

10.7 

.62 

1.1 

70.8 

.06 
4.13 

.9 
41  2 

.05 
2.40 

A 
18.3 

.02 
1.07 

3^6 

.06 
.21 

5.4 
128.5 

.32 
7.50 

KN03 

K  CI. 

K*S04 

12.4 

.72 
.57 

Na  N03. 

9.8 

1942.5 

113.32 

1091.6 

63.68 

26.8 
16.5 
69.7 
10.2 

1.56 
.96 

4.06 
.59 

2.5 
85.4 

.15 

4.98 

9614.4 
1647.2 

560.85 
96.08 

Na  ci... .. '.;.;;;; 

Na*  S04 

.   .. 

Naa  C03 

14.8 

.87 

11.4 

5.4 

.66 
.31 

12.4 
4.2 

.72 
.25 

21.6 

1.26 

117.0 

6.82 

NH4  CI.. '.'.'.'. 

(NH4),  S04 

2.2 

.13 

'  17.9 

1.04 

(NH4)2COs"" 
Mg  CL 

4.2 

.25 

423.1 

24.68 

257.5 

15.02 

MgSOj"' 

275.7 

16.08 

658.5 

38.42 

Mgco3' ;; '.;;;'.; 

Ca  CL.. 

135.0 

7.87 

269.2 

15.71 

95.2 

5.55 

116.3 

185.5 

187.3 

5.6 

6.78 

10.81 

10.93 

.33 

Ca  SO,  . 

12. 58 

'"3l6.'4 

*i8'io 

174.8 
76.4 

10.20 
4.46 

908.4 

5.74 

CaC03 

215.6 

159.9 

9.33 

Fe203  +  AiJ03". 
Fe  S04. 

43.1 

8'6 

72.5 

2.52 

*"!50 
4.23 

Fe  C03 

2.1 

4.3 

.12 

.25 

1.6 

.4 

.09 

.02 

1.7 

.10 

1.1 

4.6 

.06 
.26 

alo3. ..*:::;::: 

AL  (S04)3 

Si  Oa 

408.9 

23.85 

3035.8 

177.08 

1902.5 

110.97 

398.7 

23.24 

649.0 

37.85 

13221.5 

724.02 

A.  D 

E. 

A.  D.  E. 

J.  M.L. 

J.M 

.  L. 

J.M.  L. 

C.  R.  R. 

154 


MINEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Pana 

Paris 

Paris 

Rdgar  .   . . 

Christian 

9237  

Edgar 

10179  

Jan.    17,1902... 
Harry  Wood.. 
Reservoir 

994 
June'i7,'i896'. '.'. 

J.  Hines 

30  feet 

10346 

Date 

Aug.  1,1901.... 

S.  Simpson 

16  feet 

Apr.  5,1902  .... 

Owner 

Depth  . ..  

35  feet 

Strata    

Drift 

Sand  . 

Water  works  . . 
Very  slight 

Flowing 

Flowing 

Turbidity 

Very  slight  — 
.000 
.000 

Color 

.000 
.000 

Muddy 

Disagreeable.. 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

2961.6 
216. 
19. 
2.5 
.018 
.064 
.001 
.16 
5.3 

536. 
21.6 
62. 
2.7 
.008 
.03 
.000 
5.2 
5.4 
28.9 

1844 

43  6 

Chlorine 

3  4 

31  4 

f  Free  ammonia.. 

18.4 

4  64 

Nitrogen  as.  -j  Nitr'ites               • 

.000 

5.'i"" 

34.9 
24.4 
57.2 
117.2 
10.9 
11.7 
16.3 

.12 

6  0 

35.3 

23.6 

227.9 

422.9 

1.2 

.8 

13.1 

.7 

19.0 

1532.0 

41.6 

74.5 

.9 

.4 

2.8 

3.6 

62.0 

49.9 

23.9 

Calcium  Ca 

159.1 

.2 

Aluminium  Al 

1.2 

11.1 

Nitrate  N03 

.6 

Chloride  CI 

5.2 

2.7 

3.4 

Sulphate  S04 

4.8 

Hyvoihetical 


II 

H3 
£:cc 

0 

jq-C 
J—  >1 

Ii 

O 
'xsP 

§1 

O 

(jqtJ 
as  a> 
t-"-t 

Potassium  N  itrate 

1.1 

9.4 

.06 
.55 

5.8 
5.8 

.34 
.34 

.9 
7.2 
4.3 

.05 

10.3 

.60 

42 

2& 

Potassium  Carbonate ... 

Sodium  N itrate 

Sodium  Chloride 

24.1 

579.8 

1.46 
33.81 

69.8 
4.8 

4.07 
.28 

.5 

4.1 

80.0 

65.1 

.03 
.24 

4.67 
3.80 

3.7 

78.0 
62.8 

.2£ 

4  55 

3  67 

1132.8 

66.07 

58.4 
102.1 

3.40 
5.95 

119.2 

6.95 

83.2 

4  85 

Calcium  Sulphate 

330.0 
814.1 

19.24 
47.48 

188.2 

10.98 

293.0 

17.14 

404.7 

23.60 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

2.6 

1.6 

28.0 

.15 

.09 

1.63 

1.9 

.8 
5.9 

.11 

.05 
.34 

22.6 
22.0 
34.7 

1.32 

1.29 
2.02 

.6 

2.2 

23.2 

1273.3 

.03 

.13 

Silica 

1.35 

73.75 

25.86 

Total       

2923.5 

170.54 

443.5 

651.3 

38.06 

1944.1 

112.87 

A.  D.  E. 

A.  D.  E. 

A.  W-  P. 

A.  D-  F. 

BARTOW  ET.   AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


MINERAL    ANALYSES. 


155 


Paris 

Paris 

Edgar 

12817  

Jan.  5,1905. 
O.T.  Merkl 
121  feet.... 
Rock 

Parkersburg . 
Richland  — 
4501 

Paw  Paw; . . 

Lee 

4687 

Feb.  9,1899 
C.  F.  Prstn. 
1018  feet... 
Limestone 

Paxton 

Ford 

5374 

Aug.  14,1899 
I.  C.  R.R. 
120  feet 

Edgar 

10286  

Edgar 

12342  

Feb.  26,1902. 

J.  Hines  

253  feet  

Rock  

Aug.  1,1904.. 

J.  Hines  

121  feet  

Rock 

Dec.  20.1898.. 
S   M.Thpsn. 
40  feet 

Clear 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Decided  ... 
Yellow.... 
.000 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Slight... 

.05 

.03 
.000 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

588. 

332.0 

438.8 

979.6 
98.8 
40. 
1.6 
.01 
.072 
.000 
1. 
6.6 

240. 
20. 
1. 
2. 
.52 
.03 
.000 
.15 
2.7 

.7 

21.5 

39.4 

1.5 

.5 

5.7 

.7 

1.0 

.8 

22. 

33.0 

1.1 

4.5 

7.800 
.214 
.001 
.080 

1.9 

9.8 
3.65 
4.80 
.176 
.000 
.12 
1.7 

6.2 
49.8 
43.7 

3.4 

2.2 

7.8 
.6 

9.8 

7.3 

6.6 

1.44 

.138 

.000 

.12 
5.7 

.2 

142.4 
1.9 

27.9 
51.2 

14.3 

54.2 

3.1 

2.1 

3.1 

.3 

1.1 

12.6 

33.2 

89.9 

3.0 

.8 

24.3 

4.4 

40.0 

494.0 

34.4 
73.5 

6.9 

.6 

33.0 

.1 

10.4 

.9 

2.7 

4.6 

-Combinations. 


^0 

Q 

oqtJ 

11 

O 

»g 

&3   ft 

II 

O 
cog 

15 

dec 

II 

Q 

■j»g 

5QTJ 
ja  fD 

3£ 

Is 

C 
p  n 

O 

Cd?t3 

ED  ft 

.9 

.05 
.60 

.6 

2.3 

.9 

.04 
.13 
.05 

.9 
2.7 

.05 
.16 

7.1 

7.4 

.41 

.43 

1.1 

2.1 

1.5 
1.0 

.06 
.12 

.09 
.06 

KN03 

10.3 

K  CI 

K„  S04 

Kl  C03 

1.2 

4.4 

6.7 

112.5 

.07 

.26 

.39 

6.56 

Na  N03 

46.4 

2.70 

.01 

16.57 

.30 

14.4 
10.8 
68.2 
16.5 

.84 

.63 

3.98 

.96 

60.1 
357.7 

3.50 
20.86 

Na  CI  . 

2 

22.8 
37.6 

1.33 
2.19 

Na,  S04 

284.2 

67.0 
1.8 

3.91 
.10 

Na2  C03 

5.1 

"i64!7 

'9i60 

(NH4)3CG3.... 

MgS04 

MgC03 

Ca  S04 

97.0 

5.65 

49.6 

2.89 

173.5 

10.12 

74.8 

4.36 

119.7 

"6i98 

170.7 

99.1 



9.9o 

127.9 
.8 

7.46 
.05 

135.4 

7.9 

109.1 

6.36 

5.77 

98.4 

5.73 

183.6 
4.4 

10.71 
.26 

CaC03 

Fe403+AL03. 
Fe  CU3  . 

6.4 
3.9 

6.5 

.37 
.23 
.38 

8.2 

4.1 

16.5 

.48 
.24 
.96 

6.4 

1.6 
51.8 

.37 

.09 

3.02 

.5 

.9 

12.2 

.03 
.05 
.71 

AL  Os 

14.6 

.85 

22.4 

1.30 

SiQ2 

587.4 

34.24 

266.0 

15.51 

424.9 

24.78 

926.6 

54.00 

261.3 

15.22 

454.9 

26.53 

A;  D 

.  E. 

J.  M 

L. 

J.  N 

[.  L. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  T 

V.  S. 

R.  \ 

V.  S. 

156 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Paxton  

Kord 

Paxton 

Kord , 

Pekin 

Tazewell 

5376 

Laboratory  number 

6728 

12128  

3072 

Date 

Jan.  22,1900.... 
J.  Swanson.... 

166  feet 

Sand 

Jan.  8,1905.... 
R.  McCracken 
90  feet 

Aug.  14,1899... 
Hig  Kour 

Dec.  15,1897 

Owner 

E.N.Armstro'g 

Depth 

Strata  

Sand 

Remarks 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

.30 
.000 

Slight 

locomotive  .. 

Color 

.2 

H2S 

Odor  

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

738.4 
30. 
1.8 
1.9 
1.2 
.03 
.017 
.4 

51.2 

1.5 

57.7 

123.8 

3.3 

.7 

8.7 

545.2 

Loss  on  ignition 

1. 

9.4 
6.00 
.052 
.0>0 
.160 

39.5 

7.7 

58.2 

94.8 

.8 

2.1 

7,5 

270. 

Oxygen  consumed 

Tv-,., „      Alb.  ammonia  .. 

.73 

Nitrogen  as  H  Mtrjtt.s 

17.5 

^  N  itrates  

3.8 

4.8 

31.4 

Sodium  Na 

21.5 

612.2 

.9 

Magnesium  Mg 

33.4 
81.1 

16.4 

54.3 

Silica  Si 

50.8 

3.5 

57.5 

Nitrate  N03 

1.7 

1.8 

257.4 

.7 

1.0 

82.3 

16.8 
20.1 
76.5 

21.3 

Chloride  CI 

270.0 

Sulphate  S04 

997.0 

Much 

Hypothetical 


on 
0n 

Q 

SB  fD 

O 

Parts  per 
million ... 

C 

PS 

(0  o> 

§.5 

Is 

106.2 

34.6 

1.4 

6.19 

2.8 
3.8 
1.5 

.16 
.22 

.09 

1.1 
2.1 
3.3 

.06 
.12 
.19 

2.02 

.06 

23.0 

17.5 

7.1 

1.34 

1.02 

.41 

443.9 
1349.6 

25.89 

Sodium  Sulphate 

158.6 

9.22 

119.1 
2.0 

6.95 
.11 

78.73 

5.5 

.32 

3.4 

.20 

1.6 

.08 

182.2 
73.3 

10.63 
4.28 

89.7 
53.5 

5.23 
3.12 

82.1 

4.78 

202.6 

11.82 

28.9 

114.5 

3.0 

1.68 

309.3 

18.04 

237.0 

13.83 

202.5 
18.4 

11  80 
1.07 

6.66 

.02 

6.9 

1.4 

18.6 

.40 

.08 

1.08 

1.6 

4.1 

15.9 

.09 
.24 
.92 

Silica 

108.0 

5.88 

7.5 

.74 

519.7 

29.87 

2175.1 

Total 

763.3 

44.52 

590.4 

34.41 

126.97 

Analyst 

R.  W.  S. 

J.  M.  L. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.S. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


157 


Peoria 

Peoria 

10636  . 

Peoria 

Peoria 

3K23 

Peoria 

Peoria 

3650 

Jan.  3,1898. 
J.  Harman. 
Spring.... 

Peoria 

Peoria 

7557    

Peoria 

Peuria 

7558 

June  6,1900 
H.Willi'ms 
Spring 

Peoria 

Peoria 

2499 

Jan.'28ii897 
J    Harman. 

95  feet 

Gravel 

Sept.  22,1902. 
HerschelCo. 
Creek 

May  26, 1898.. 
J.  A. Harman 
Spring 

June  6,1900.. 
H.Williams, 
spring  No.  2. 

Very  slight.. 
.000 
.000 

Slight 

.04 
.000 

Slight 

.03 
.000 

Slight 

.06 
.000  • 

Distinct .... 

Muddy  .... 

.000 

.000 

.01 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c 

Milligrams  Milligrams 
per  l;000c.c.  per  l.OOOc.c. 

868. 
69  6 
4.8 
14.8 
.056 
.416 
.01 
.63 

494.4 
56. 

5. 

1.4 
.004 
.016 
.000 
.25 

1.8 

8.8 

428.4 
46. 

2.2 

1.6 
.002 
.018 
.000 
.12 

1.1 

8.7 

380.8 

28.8 

i! 

.008 

.04 

.002 

1.6 

2.2 

9.0 

443.2 
56.4 
7. 
3.4 
.02 
.176 
.025 
.24 
4.3 
33.0 

1306. 

80. 

18. 

2. 

.001 
.05 
.002 
.9 

14.5 
.1 

76.1 

25.6 
90.0 

53.0 

107.9 

.4 

.26 

10.1 

32.2 
109.1 

34.5 

84.8 

.3 

.7 

10.1 

38.3 

84.6 

2.3 

.6 

11.1 

73.9 
163.5 

1.9 

11.9 

5.6 

2.7 

4.8 

39.9 

1.1 

5.0 

31.9 

.5 
2.2 
19.3 

7.1 

7.0 
24.9 

1.0 

7.0 
7.5 

3.9 

18.0 

583.1 

Combinations. 


33 

II 

d$ 

orqtJ 

'd? 
p  n 

►d 

II 

Q 
wg 

p  o> 

3  3 
3ice 

3$ 

4 

P  fD 

►d 
§.» 

3iM 

II 

?3   CO 

3  8 

II 

r-'P 
»g 

p  o> 

K  N  O, 

1.8 
2.1 

.10 
.12 

.9 
1.6 

.05 
.09 

5.6 

.33 

1.7 

7.0 

.10 
.41 

K  N  03. 

K  CI    . 

K,S04... 

3.8 

r22 

.46 

1.86 

5.0 
11.5 

9.6 

.29 
.67 
.56 

5.3 

29.7 
194.4 

.31 

1.73 

11.34 

Na  NU3 

7.9 
31.8 

6.6 
19.0 

.38 
1.10 

2.4 
24.1 

.14 

1.40 

6.1 
11.2 
62.2 

.35 

.65 

3.63 

Na  CI. ...'.'. .'.'.'.'. 

Na2S04 

Na,  CO, 

.4 

.02 

(NH4),S()4.... 

(nh4);co3.... 

MgS(J4 

23.1 

1.35 
4.25 

23.9 
167.7 

1.39 

9.77 

3.7 
109.4 

.22 
6.38 

23.1 

103.7 

1.34 
6.04 

367.2 

21.42 

72.9 

133.1 

7.76 

Mg  C03  ........ 

223.9 

243.9 

1.8 

13.06 

14.23 

.10 

Ca  SCX 

224.9 
4.0 

13.12 
.23 

269.5 

15.70 

272.7 
2.8 

15.90 
.16 

211.9 

12.36 

211.4 

12.33 

aCU3 

Fe,03  +  AL03 
Fe  CU3.. 

.7 

.5 

21.6 

.04 

.03 

1.25 

.6 

1.3 

21.6 

.03 

.07 

1.25 

4.8 

1.1 

23.5 

.28 

.06 

1.37 

Alz  Oa 

4.0 

.23 
26.09 

25.3 

1.46 

11.9 

.69 

Si  02 

447.2 

820.0 

47.83 

513.4 

29.88 

442.9 

25.80 

393.9 

22.94 

462.1 

26.94 

1078.1 

62.88 

\ 

P.] 

3. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

R.  V 

l.S. 

R.  W 

\  S. 

R.\ 

V.S. 

R.\ 

V.  s. 

158 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Peoria  .... 

County 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Peoria  . .  . 

Laboratory  number 

10509  

10634  

10635  

Sept.  22,  1902  . . 
Herschel  Co  .. 
60feet 

11855 

Date 

July  17,1902.... 

I).  Maury 

Tap 

Sept.  22,  1902  .. 
Herschel  Co  .. 
16  feet 

March  8,1904  .. 
J.  I.  Black . 

Owner 

Depth 

65  feet 

Strata 

Drift 

Drift 

Drift . 

Drift 

Remarks  

City  supply  . .. 

Turbidity 

Clear 

Decided 

Yellow 

.000 

Clear 

Clear 

Color 

.000 
.000 

.000 
.000 

000 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

300.8 
42.4 
8.4 
3.6 
.01 
.068 
.000 
.56 
4  0 
22.9 

582. 
76.8 
6.6 
2.7 
.24 
.016 
.001 
.04 

654.8 
81.6 
9. 
'     2. 
.036 
.012 
.004 
.566 

620 

Loss  on  ignition 

Chlorine  

15  7 

2  5 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.|  Al.b^ammonia.. 

.006 
.036 
000 

\  Nitrates 

1  2 

Potassium  K 

Sodium  Na 

11.3 

.3 

32.6 

124.8 

13.0 
.1 

51.7 
130.8 

17.7 

Ammonium  (NHJ 

Magnesium  Mg  

24.9 

64  0 

1.5 

5.0 

54.1 

131.2 

Silica  Si 

8.1 

.8 

6  2 

Nitrite  NO* 

Nitrate  NOs 

.2 
8.4 
40.7 

.2 

6.6 

67.9 

2.4 

9.0 

116.0 

5.3 

Chloride  CI 

15.9 

Sulphate  S04 

150.9 

Hvvoihetical 


*t3 
§1 

O 

<K)tJ 

►tJ-" 
3£ 

i! 

O 
opt) 

63  <T> 

3-1 

B  i-i 

O 

dp 

orpu 

3£ 

B  " 

Potassium  N  itrate 

4.1 

4.6 

.24 

.27 

Potassium  Chloride  

.3 
10.9 
27.9 

.02 

.63 

1.63 

3.3 
14.9 
19  2 

.19 

.87 

1.12 

7.2 
25.9 
17.2 

.42 

10.2 

58.2 

.59 
3.39 

1.50 

Sodium  Sulphate 

1.00 

1.1 

.06 

.4 

.02 

1.8 
85.3 

.10 

4.98 

60.3 
71.2 

3.52 
4.15 

128.6 
89.7 

7.50 
5.23 

174.2 
66.2 

10.16 

3.86 

160.0 

9.33 

311.8 
54.6 

18.19 
3.19 

326.8 
3.3 

19.07 
.19 

327.7 
2.6 

19.10 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

.15 

3.2 

1.4 

10.6 

.19 
.08 
.61 

Silica 

17  2 

1.00 

1.8 

.11 

13.2 

.77 

Total 

339.4 

19.78 

555.3 

32.39 

588.0 

34.30 

634.2 

36.96 

Analyst 

P. 

B. 

P. 

B. 

P. 

B. 

D. 

K. 

BARTOW  ET  AL.] 


WATEE   ANALYSES. 


159 


Waters — Continued. 


Peoria 

Peoria 

12577  

Oct.  22.1904.. 
Steel  &T.  Co 

22feet 

Drift 


Peoria 

Tazewell 

10230  

Feb.  20,  1902 
P.Mineral  Co 

500  feet 

Rock  


Distinct. 
Cloudy 


.000 


Peoria 

Tazewell  .. 

10280  

Feb.  20, 1902 
P.Min.  Co. 
1000  feet.... 
Rock 


Distinct 

Milky 

.000 


Peoria 

Peoria 

10464  

June  18,1902 
A.  Harv.  Co 

365  feet 

Rock 

Flowing 

Slight 

.4 
Musty 


Peoria 

Peoria 

12164  

June  17,1904 
G.A.Zeller 
1864  feet.... 
St.  Peter... 


Slight 

.000 
Peculiar  . . 


Peoria 

Peoria 

12415  

Sept.  8,1904 
W.A.Gray 

980  feet 

Sandstone  . 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c, 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 


Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 


584.4 


2.U 

21 A 


46.2 
108.5 


1.1 
6.2 


9.5 

6.2 

161.0 


6714.4 
61.2 
3637.5 
17.1 
2. 
.064 
.000 
.18 
31.9 
2492.1 


3150.4 
16.8 
1395. 
9.5 
1-6 
.008 
.000 
.17 
30.5 
1078.2 


8183.6 

24. 
4637.5 
16.4 
2.48 
.024 
.000 


1592.0 


23.7 

50.6 

2.6 

2.9 

11.5 


29.3 
57.0 


1.2 
5.4 


3022. 


35. < 
56.  J 


298.5 
3.2 
.012 
.024 
.65 
.19 
14.6 
440.1 


27.1 


3.7 


3637. 
17.3 


.7 
1395.0 
295.1 


.3 

4637  5 

1.2 


4  9 
2.0 


298.5 
644.6 


3216.8 


1562.5 
8.7 
1.600 
.006 
.000 
.16 
25.2 
1086.1 
1  9 
20.8 
42.6 


7.9 


.7 
1562.5 
238.5 


Combinations. 


Q 
dp 

65  <T> 

G 

HP'S 

3* 

II 

G 

dp 

not) 

fa  <T> 

3   « 

§1 

G 

apt? 

-co 

II 

O 

B:  CD 

►d 
3£ 

II 

G 

Clp 

JU   ft 

3.8 

1.3 

23.6 

.22 

.07 

1.37 

KN02 

1.3 
59.9 

.08 
3.49 

1.1 

57.5 

.06 
3.33 

1.1 

46.9 

.06 
2.73 

KN03 

K  CI 

13  1 

.76 

.59 

2.50 

.5 

7651.9 

1.8 

27.4 

.03 
446.38 
.11 
1.6 

Na  NO,  .... 

10.2 
42.8 

5954.0 

25.6 

327.8 

347.33 

1.50 

19.12 

2256.7 
436.7 
112.9 

131.61 
25.47 
6.58 

471.8 
785.0 

27.53 
45.79 

2541.3 
266.5 

148.25 
15.55 

NaCl 

Na„S04 

Na^  C03 

7.3 

.42 

(NH4)»  SOt 

8.5 

.5 

(NHf),  C03 

165.2 

9.64 
2.62 

134.4 

7.84 

66.4 
25.8 

3.87 
1.51 

Mg  S04 

44.9 

82.7 

4.82 

102.1 

5.95 

124.7 

7.27 

MgCOs 

9.2 

165.4 
4.2 

.54 

9.64 

.25 

Ca  S04 

271.1 

15.81 

126.4 

7.37 

142.5 

8.31 

140.7 
3.0 

8.21 

.18 

106  4 
3.6 

6.20 
.21 

CaCOs 

Fez  O3+AL  03. 

.6 

.04 
.12 

.76 

5.5 

5.4 

24.4 

6613.0 

.32 

.32 

1.42 

1.3 
2  2 
11  4 

.08 
.13 
.66 

Fe  C03  ...... 

2.0 

AL  03 

13.1 

7.8 

.46 

10.4 

.60 

16.8 

.98 
179.78 

Si  05. 

563.0 

32.84 

385.77 

3124.4 

182.18 

7966.3 

464.74 

1609.1 

93.85 

3082.1 

J.  M.L. 

A.  D.  E. 

A.  D.  E. 

A.  D 

E. 

J.  M.L. 

J.M.  L. 

160 


M1NEEAL    CONTENT    OF    WATERS. 


[BULL.    NO.  10> 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Peotone 

W  11 

Petersburg 

Menard 

9i22 

Piper  City 

County 

LaSalle 

491 

Laboratory  number 

8871 

•>45t 

Date 

Dec.  6,1900.... 

W.  Elliott 

100  feet  

Limestone 

City  supply  . .. 

Feb.  13,lS9o... 

W.  Holly 

700  feet  

Kock 

Flowing 

May  28,1901  ... 
L.  E.  Hartrick. 

•iOll  feet 

R  ock . 

July  15,1897  ... 

E.N.  Armst'g. 
15  feet 

Depth 

Strata 

Remarks 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

Cloudy 

H„S 

Color 

.01 
.000 

4 

Odor.... 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,U00c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

589.2 
21  6 
1.7 
1.6 
.208 
.036 
.000 
.16 
8.3 
30.7 
.27 
37.4 
158.2 

6964.8 
204.8 
3475. 
27.4 
3.36 
.052 
.000 
.33 
23.6 
2403.8 
4.3 
28.5 
52.6 
.15 
3.1 
6.2 
1.5 
3475.0 
316.6 

760  4 

60  8 

Chlorine  , 

32 

3  3 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen.  as.^lb.ammonia.. 

.88 
.036 

.003 

.2 

Potassium-  K 

27.7 
1654.0 

26.8 

Ammonium  ( N  H4) 

1.13 

M  agnesium  Mg 

15.8 

48.2 

8.0 

46.1 

Calcium  Ca 

110.8 

Aluminium  Al. 

2.2 

2.0 

.7 

1.7 

196.3 

Nitrate  NO 3  

3.6 

8. 
.9 

Chloride  CI 

2264.1 
320.4 

32.0 

Sulphate  SQ4 

210.0 

Hyvoihetical 


*d 

dee 

II 

3£ 

£jce 

II 

CJqtJ 
si  n 

G 

(jq'O 

*T3 

0-5 

II 

g 

Potassium  Nitrate 

1.1 

3.6 
13.5 

.06 
.21 

.78 

2.4 
43.5 

.14 

2.52 

Potassium  Chloride 

52.6 

3.07 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Nitrate 

1.2 

52.7 
20.1 

.07 

Sodium  Chloride 

3690. 
474. 
112.5 

215.20 
27.74 
6.56 

5692.7 

468.2 

28.2 

330.18 

27.16 

1.64 

2.95 

Sodium  Sulphate 

94.8 

5.50 

1.16 

1.0 

.06 

4.1 

.24 

11.4 

.66 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

141.4 
31.5 

9.20 
1.82 

167.1 

43.8 

30.8 

250.0 

4.7 

9.74 

55. 

3.19 

99.1 

5.75 

2.55 

Calcium  Sulphate 

1.79 

Calcium  Carbonate 

395.3 

22.93 

120.4 

7.02 

131.4 

7.62 

14.57 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminum  . 

.27 

16.6 

.98 

3.2 
6.0 

.18 
.35 

.80 
.24 

Silica 

4.2 

7.7 

.44 

13.2 

.77 

17.1 

.99 

Total 

700.3 

41.60 

4528.8 

264.20 

6499.3 

376.97 

591.6 

34.33 

Analyst 

A.  R.  J.              A.  W.  P. 

A.  L.  M. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW  ET.    AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER    ANALYSES. 


161 


Piper  City. . 

Pisgah 

Plainfield  . 

Piano 

Poag  

Polo 

Ford 

Morgan* 

9804           ..... 

Will 

5444 

July  18, 189$ 

Kendall 

9219 

Madison. .. 

3280 

Feb.  18,1898 

Ogle 

10189  

Jan.  16,1902 

2637      

Aug.  8,1897. 
E.N.  Armst'g 

Nov.  18,1901 

Julv  26,1901  . 

W.  Conley.. 

C.  Eraser. 

W.Griswold 

E.C.Boesh 

A.  Wat'rby 

15  feet 

Spring 

101  feet  .... 

Spring 

55  feet  

90  feet 

Sand 

Rock 

Sand 

Limestone 

Distinct 

Very  slight.. 

Distinct  .  . 

Very  slight.. 

Very  slight 

Decided  . .. 

.15 

.01 

.02 

.0 

.02 

Yellow  .... 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000. 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

perl.OOOc.c 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

1 

perl,000c.c. 

perl.OOOc.c. 

476.0 

338.4 

803.6 

314.8 

153.2 

530.4 

24.0 

30.4 

121.2 

18.4 

14. 

56.8 

13.0 

4. 

114. 

1.6 

2.8 

5.2 

2.7 

1.7 

2. 

1.5 

.8 

5.4 

.214 

.014 

.008 

.014 

.001 

1.7 

.022 

.024 

.038 

.032 

.012 

.16 

.280 

.001 

.003 

.002 

.002 

.003 

.05 

.24 

15.2 

1.4 

3.6 

.077 

3.4 

2.2 

9.0 

1.8 

1.6 

45.8 

36.2 

61.4 

23.6 

tf.6 

50.0 

92.4 

77.2 

106.2 

81.3 

29.7 

126.5 

1.7 

3.5 

•  8 
6.7 

1.1 
1.3 
6. 

.3 

.6 

8.3 

.8 
.14 
14.1 

.4 

6.5 

10.1 

.21 

1. 

67.3 

6.2 

15.9 

.3 

13.0 

4.0 

114.0 

1.6 

2.8 

5.3 

95.4 

9.4 

118.5 

21.5 

12.1 

16.8 

Combinations. 


Is 

C 
w  n> 

Is 

tJQ'O 

3£ 

Is 

: 

a 

jog 

C 

BqtJ 

&5   0> 

Is 

O 

11 

O 

pa  CB 

.4 

.02 
.36 

1.7 
3.0 

.10 
.02 

23.2 

1.35 

4.7 

.27 

4.3 

.25 

KN03 

6.2 

K  CI 

K,S04  . 

72.7 
149.8 

4.24 
8.74 

4.6 
2.6 
8.2 

.26 
.15 

.  .48 

18.3 

2.5 

1.06 
.14 

.5 

8.7 

24.9 

11.9 

.03 

.51 

1.45 

.69 

NaNOa. 

16.5 

.96 
3.10 

4.3 

13.8 

9.2 

.25 
.81 
.54 

NaCl 

53.2 

Na,  S04 

Na,  C03 

(NH4)4S04.... 
(NHJ2  COs... 

36.9 

148.2 

82.7 

1.80 
8.65 
4.82 

3.5 
25.7 

1.8 

.20 

1.50 

.10 

....1     - 

MgCL 

73.3 

4.28 
6.15 

20.0 
68.0 

1.16 
3.94 

MgS04..  . 

105.5 

125.8 

7.34 

:i73.9 

10.15 

MgCOj 

Ca  S04 . 

230.7 

13.46 

193.4 

11.28 

2C5.2 

15.47 

202.7 

11.76 

74.3 

4.33 

316.1 
13.4 

18.44 
.80 

Ca  C03  . 

Fe,03  +  Al203. 
Fe  C03.... 

3.5 

.20 
.05 

7.3 
1.4 

.43 

.08 

2.2 
2.4 

.13 
.14 

.6 
1.1 

.03 
.06 

.2 
.3 

.01 
.02 

.8 

AL  03 

A12(S<J4)3  ...»•• 
Si  CL 

13.9 

.81 

14.2 

.83 

12.8 

.74 

17.7 

1.03 

30.0 

1.75 

21.6 

1.27 

504.0 

29.39 

374.1 

21.68 

790.1 

46.08 

330.2 

19.14 

160.9 

9.36 

571.0 

33.34 

R.  W 

.  S. 

A.  D 

E. 

R.  V 

7.S. 

A.L. 

M. 

R.  W.  S.         A.D.E. 

11  G 


162 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.    NO.  10 


Analyses  r*  Illinois 


Town.... 

Polo 

Pontiac 

Livingston 

9365 

Pontiac 

Livingston  ..  .. 
5151.. 

Ogle 

10188.. 

9151.     . 

Date 

Jan.  17,  1902  ... 
A.  Waterbury. 

2100  feet 

Sandstone 

Oct.  24,  1901  .  . . 

C.  Acklin 

23  feet 

June  5,  1899.... 

J.  Stiles 

88  feet 

June  23,  1901. 

W.  A.  Lackey. 
Spring 

Depth 

Rock 

City  supply  . .. 

T  urbidity 

Slight 

Distinct 

.04 
.000 

Distinct 

.04 
.000 

Color '..     .   . 

Yellow 

Odor 

DecayedV'gt's 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 

Total  residue 

322. 

26. 

2. 

1.9 
.112 
.006 
.001 
.09 

1.5 

7.1 

968. 
22.8 
49. 
3. 
.148 
.096 
.001 
3.28 
6.8 
308.1 
.2 
10.6 
22.8 
.4 
7.0 
5.3 
14.6 
■49.0 
293.5 

5855.2 
38.4 
3140. 
6.3 
1.44 
.028 
.000 
.1 
34.4 
2189.9 
1.8 
12.6 
19.8 
.15 
.7 
16.5 
.5 
3140.0 
10.1 

388  4 

20. 

Chlorine 

4.8 

3.5 

fFree  ammonia  .. 
Nitrogen  as.  J  Alb.,  ammonia.. 

.596 
.056 
.000 

.12 

Potassium  K 

2.4 

13.3 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

.76 

40.3 

69.3 

.4 

5.8 

.3 

2.0 

23.5 

26.0 

90.3 

4.2 

Aln minium  Al 

5.0 

Nitrate  NOa 

11.8 
.5 

Chloride  CI 

,4.8 

Sulphate  S04 

27.6 

Hypothetical 


is  • 

*d 

C» 
«g 

(JQ-O 

id 

li 

O 

apt? 

*0 

11 

O 

aqrs 

Potassium  Nitrate 

.6 
4.2 
3.5 

.04 
.25 
.20 

17.6 

1.03 

.7 
65.3 

.04 
3.81 

.9 
4.0 

.05 

.23 

Potassium  Sulphate 

5.2 
80.9 
434.2 
301.3 

.     .30 

4.72 

25.33 

17.58 

Sodium  Chloride 

5123.5 

1.6 

400.5 

298.88 

.09 

23.36 

4.8 
34.6 

.28 

22.0 

1.28 

2.01 

Ammonium  Nitrate 

Ammonium  Chloride 

2.8 

.16 

.5 

.03 

4.8 

.28 

8.6 
134.4 

.50 
7.84 

6.0 
85.9 

.35 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

37.0 

2.16 

43.7 

2.55 

4.98 

173.2 

10.11 

56.4 

3.29 

49.6 

2.89 

225.7 

13.09 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

.8 
10.9 

.05 
.63 

.8 
13.2 

.05 

.77 

Trace.. 
1.3 

Trace.. 
.07 

8.7 
9.0 

.50 

.52 

Silica 

9.1 

.53 

11.2 

.65 

35.0 

2.04 

25.0 

1.45 

Total 

367.3 

21.43 

958.3 

55.91 

5726.0 

334.01 

407.4 

23.62 

Analyst 

a.  r 

).  E. 

A.  I 

).  E. 

R.  \ 

V.  S. 

A.  L 

,.  M. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATER    ANALYSES. 


163 


Wat  ers — Continued . 


Quincy 

Adams 

7738 

Quincy 

Adams  

2987 

Quincy 

Adams  

1446.     . 

Quincy 

Adams  

8710 

Quincy 

Adorns  

10337 

Mar.  28, 1902 
H.N.W'el'r 

200  feet 

Limestone. 

Quincy 

Adams  

5311 

June  27,1899 
E.  Prince.. 

144  feet 

Rock  

At  Payson. 
.000 
.01 
.000 

June  18,  1900. 

L.  Irwin 

Spring 

Sand 

Nov.  26.  1897. 
B.  Homan. . 

Spring. 

Limestone... 

Oct.  5,  1896. 
J.  B.  Schott 

100  feet 

Rock  

Flowing . . . 

Oct.  29,  1900.. 
J.  B.  Schott.. 

60  feet 

Rock  

V.  Slight 

01 

Decided . .. 

Yellow 

.000 

Yellow 

000 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

800. 

539.2 
44.4 
6.8 
6.8 
6.4 
.198 
.0o0 
.07 
7.2 
21.5 
7.9 
36.6 
109.4 
41.4 
6.2 
15. 

.3 
6.8 
2.6 

3318.4 
30.4 
1330. 
8.2 
.036 
.072 
.003 
33. 
10.3 
634.2 
.05 
140.5 
260.7 
3.3 
10.7 
3.6 
146.1 
1330.0 
323.9 

322. 
20.4 
6.5 
1.9 
.032 
.016 
.000 
.12 
3.2 
17.9 

365.6 

44.8 

36.5 

2.4 

.204 

.034 

1.5 

12. 

1.7 

16.7 

.3 

23.1 

70.5 

.5 

1.7 

6.3 

53.1 

36.5 

11.2 

20. 

5. 

1.1 

.013 

.042 

.000 

.2 

1.2 

8.6 

13.4 

481.9 

12.6 

82.3 

.15 

176.6 
270.5 

30.0 

75.0 

.8 

.6 

5.4 

.6 

6.5 

8.0 

.5 

9.7 

.9 

5.0 

15.1 

11.3 

145.9 

1041.1 

219.6 

Combinations. 


3  »-t. 

O 
j»g 

so  0> 

'-d 

Is 

O 

wg 

crq'a 

p  <T> 

►d 

1.5 

|i 

a  <-t 

C 

i»g 

opt} 

p  n> 

18 

O 

Cp 

"52 

ctqtj 
p  a> 

a^w 

11 

O 

Geo 

jfig 

3£ 

is 

0 
jng 

UQ-O 
p  ro 

1.5 
1.2 

.09 
.07 

.5 
14.3 

1.6 

.03 
.83 
.09 

33.7 

1.97 

26.7 

1.55 

.9 
5.4 

.05 
.31 

4.3        .25 

KN03 

KCL.   . 

K2S04  . 

171.7 
1107. 

10.20 
64.60 

177.9 
1490.8 

10.32 

86.46 

61.7 

3.60 

NaNO, 

7.2 

.42 
1.04 

6.4 
11.9 
26.5 

.37 

.69 

1.55 

NaCl 

17.9 

3.4 
46.3 

2.6tf 

Na2S04 

Na2COs. 

1.3 

.07 

NH4NO, 

.2 

.    01 

NH4C1.   .. .. 

(NH4)3S04 

(NH4),C03.     . 

21.9 

1.28 

5.3 

31 

Mg(N03)2 

MgCL 

MgS04 

494.3 
252.3 

28.85 
14.72 

569. 

33. 

48  8     2.85 

3.7 

ii 

2.41 

13.9 
19.9 

.81 
1.15 

41.4 

127.5 

7.44 

98.5 

5.75 

MgCOs  . 

25.3 
657.1 

4.8 

1.47 

38.36 

.28 

365.5 
268.8 

21.20 
15.59 

CaS04 

205.5 

11.98 

273.3 

15.95 

187.4 

10.93 

176.2 

10.27 

CaC03 

Keo()3+Al,03.. 

9. 

.52 

FeSOa 

.3 

.02 
.05 

85.8 
11.6 

5.00 
.67 

.2 
1.2 

.01 
.07 

1.0 
3.2 

.05 

.18 

FeC03 

1. 

Al2'  >3. 

69.5 

7.6 

4.03 
.44 

AL(S04)3 

20.6 

1.20 

32.5 

1.89 

23.6 

1.37 

11.4 

8.4 

.66 
.49 

13.5 

.79 

Si  O, 

6.3 

.37 

Mg(N02)2 

300.3 

17.49 

618.7 

36.07 

2769.8 

161.82 

2985.0 

173.12 

358.2 

20.88 

355.4 

20.70 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  W.  P. 

A.  R.  J. 

A.  D.  E. 

R.  W.  S. 

164 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town     

Quincy 

Adams 

10502  

Rantoul 

Champaign 

3430 

Redbud  

Randolph 

10341  

County 

Laboratory  No 

Washington. .. 
10582 

Date 

July  12,1902  ... 
D.  N.  Wisherd 

1202  feet. 

Rock 

Flowing 

Distinct 

.2 
.000 

Apr.  5,1898  .... 
E.  V.  Moore... 
llOfeet 

Mar.  29.1902.... 

C.  Becker 

280  feet 

Sept.  9,1902   ... 

W.  Thompson 
17  feet 

Depth 

Strata 

Sand 

City  supply  . .. 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

.25 
.000 

Slight 

Slight 

.000 

Color 

.2 
.000 

Odor 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

8774.4 
360. 
4200. 
18.7 
2.88 
.0B6 
.000 
.14 
73.1 
2582.4 
3.7 
145.3 
518.7 
1.2 
.8 
8.3 
.6 
4200.0 
1007.5 

334.8 
41.2 
.7 
2.5 
.52 
.054 
.000 
.35 
3.4 
16.8 
.63 
32.6 
67.9 
5.9 
1.2 
6.7 
1.5 
.7 
2.7 

339.2 
8.8 
5.55 
1.8 
.304 
.01 
.006 
.234 
4.3 
28.7 
.4 
22.2 
71.3 
.9 
.5 
3.9 
1.0 
5.55 
30.0 

2014.8 

250.4 

Chlorine 

9.2 

2.8 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as^l^ammonia.. 

.026 
.082 
.000 

2.8 

Potassium  K 

5.1 

131.8 

Ammonium  (NH4)  

111.2 

Calcium  Ca 

280.8 

.9 

1.4 

7.5 

Nitrate  N03 

12.4 

Chloride  CI 

9.2 

Sulphate  S04 

721.6 

Hypothetical 


3S 

Is 

OQtJ 

§1 

0 

p?g 

£L<r> 

18 

dec 

Q 
wg 

Potassium  Nitrate , 

.9 
138.9 

.05 
8.10 

2.5 
1.5 
3.7 

.15 
.08 
.21 

1.7 

7.6 

.10 
.44 

13.3 

.78 

Sodium  N  itrate 

5.8 
15.2 

383.8 

.34 

6564.5 

382.84 

3.2 
44.4 

29.1 

.19 
2.59 
1.69 

.89 

Sodium  Sulphate 

1.0 
38.0 

.06 
2.21 

22.39 

11.0 

.63 

1.8 

.10 

1.1 

.06 

198.9 
471.3 

11.59 
27.50 

552.6 

32.23 

112.4 

6.55 

77.3 

4.51 

930.6 

619.2 

2.6 

1.6 

17.8 

21. 

54.29 

36.12 

.15 

.09 

1.04 

1.22 

28.7 

680.5 

1.9 

2.6 

16.0 

1.67 

167.9 

12.3 

2.3 

14.2 

9.78 
.71 
.12 

.83 

178.1 

1.9 

.9 

8.3 

10.38 
.11 

.05 
.48 

39.70 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

.11 

.15 

Silica 

.90 

Total       

8978.3 

523.62 

357.6 

20.80 

353.6 

20.60 

1700.4 

99.16 

P.  R. 

R.  W.S. 

A.  D.  E. 

A.  D.E. 

BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


165 


Ripley 

Riverside 

Riverside.. 

Roanoke 

Roanoke  .. 

Robinson.. 

Brown 

Cook 

Cook  

Woodford  . .. 

Woodford  . 

Crawford  . . 

10226 

10691  . 

10689  

Oct.  18,1902 

4149 

4148 

Sept.30, 1898 

9880 

Nov.26,1901 

Jan.  29,1902.. 

Oct.  18,1902.. 

Sept.  30, 1898  . 

S.  Burgesser. 

Dr.  F.Rich.. 

Dr  F.  Rich 

Roan'k'M.C. 

Ro'n'kM.C 

R.Simily.. 

Spring 

2000  feet 

2000  feet.... 

79feet 

120  feet 

150feet 

Limestone  .. 
City  supply. 

Limestone. 
Well  No.  2, 

Sand 

Rock 

Sandstone. 

city  sup'y 
V.  Slight  .. 

Flowing 

Decided 

Distinct 

V.  Slight.... 

Decided  ... 

Decided  ... 

.04 

.000 

.1 

Yellow 

Yellow  .... 

Muddy 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000c. c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  l,000c.c. 

per  l,000c.c. 

625.6 

817.6 

647.2 

507.6 

513.2 

315.6 

14.4 

33.6 

77.2 

46.8 

48. 

22. 

4. 

222. 

29.75 

4. 

4.1 

10. 

5.2 

2.5 

2.6 

8.7 

9.5 

3.1 

.018 

.248 

.128 

6. 

4.8 

.032 

.036 

.04 

.66 

.174 

.214 

.026 

.001 

.15 

.1 

.000 

.000 

.05 

.32 

.17 

.06 

.1 

.1 

3.15 

3.8 

20.6 

4.8 

4.4 

4.6 

2.5 

14.5 

200.6 

28.1 

45.8 

46.4 

43.2 

.3 

20.2 

.2 
62.1 

7.7 
38.7 

6.1 
39.4 

43.8 

17.3 

145.4 

62.7 

117.9 

92.6 

93.1 

46.2 

2. 

.5 

1.5 

3.4 

3.2 

1.9 

2.2 

2.0 

3.3 

1.2 

1.0 

7.4 

8.9 

3.6 

6.1 

12.4 

11.5 

15.1 

1.4 

.5 

.3 

.5 

.5 

13.9 

4.0 

222.0 

29.8 

4.0 

4.1 

10.0 

115.2 

88.0 

206.8 

.8 

1.3 

19.2 

Combinations. 


-0 
C  go 
3  -« 

Q 
3  2 
cS' 
o'w 
•    n 

a  -t 

O. 

two 

3  % 

Ceo 

0 
P»g 

3P-0 

£L<t> 

Ccfl 

»g 

Is 

*d 
3£ 

Ceo 

Is 

O 
j»g" 

£-2 

Ceo 

C 
Co 

wg 

3Q-0 

.9 

1.3 

37.6 

.05 

.08 

2.20 

.7 

.4 

8.2 

.04 
.02 

.48 

KN02 

2.2 

5  7 

.13 
.33 

.7 
7.9 

.04 
.46 

.7 
8.4 

.04 

.49 

6.4 

.37 

KNOa 

K  CI 

Ko  S04 

13.7 
16.5 

28.4 
54.9 

.80 

.96 

1.65 

3.20 

Na  N03  

2.1 

.12 
2.37 

336.8 

130.3 

59.7 

19.65 
7.60 
3.48 

42.7 
35. 

2.49 
2.04 

.3 

1.2 

104.3 

.02 

.07 

6.08 

NaCl 

42.4 

1.9 
105.5 

.11 
6.12 

Na2S04 

Na,  CO, 

NH  CI 

.7 

.04 

(NH4),SO<  .... 

.8 

.05 

20.5 

1.19 

16.2 

.94 

(NHi)2C03.... 
MgCl2 

108.3 

6.31 
7.22 

228.5 
55.9 

13.33 
3.26 

MgSOi 

123.7 

70.1 

4.09 

134.8 

7.86 

137.1 

8.00 

60.1 

3.51 

MgCOa 

CaS04 

363.3 

21.19 

.25 

.25 

1.11 

156.8 
1. 
3.8 
7.6 

9.15 
.05 
.22 
.44 

294.6 
3.2 
6.2 
13. 

17.16 
.19 
.36 
.76 

231.4 
7.0 
2.3 

26.4 

13.49 

.40 

.13 

1.53 

232.7 

6.6 

1.9 

24.7 

13.57 

.38 

.11 

1.44 

115.4 

3.9 

14.0 

32.8 

6.74 
.23 
.82 

1.92 

CaCOs 

4.2 

4.2 
19.0 

FeCO, 

A1203 

Si02 

Susp.  Mat 

675.1 

39.38 

806.7 

47.06 

689.1 

40.20 

536.8 

31.27 

535.7 

31.20 

346.1 

20.20 

A.  D 

.  E. 

P.] 

3. 

P. 

B. 

R.  W.S. 

R.\ 

V.  S. 

A.I 

).  E. 

166 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


Anali'ws  of  Illinois 


Town 

Rochelle 

Ogle 

3914 

Aug.  6,1898.... 
F.  G.  Crowell. 

Rochelle 

Ogle 

Rochelle 

Ogle 

Rockford 

Winnebago  . .. 
9142 

County 

Laboratory  number 

3915 

11743  . . 

Date 

Aug.  6, 1898  .... 
Dr.  Crowell  ... 

Jan.  12,1904.... 
W.  McHenry.. 
1896  feet 

June  21,1901... 

I.  C.R.  R 

Creek 

Owner 

Depth 

Strata 

Remarks  

Southworth's.. 
Slight 

Turbidity 

Decided 

.2 
.000 

Clear 

Color 

.02 
.000 

.000 
.000 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

338.4 

10.8 

1.2 

2.7 

.68 

.022 

.2 

11.1 

.8 
25.2 
78.5 

291.8 

48.8 

2. 

2. 

.003 

.026 

.3 

.7 
5.2 

325.6 

334. 
44 

Loss  on  ignition 

Chlorine  

2.2 

1.4 
.096 
.018 
.000 

1.20 

1.7 

7.8 
.096 
24.7 
81.1 

3.2 

1.7 

5.2 

1.4 

2.2 
15.2 

7. 

Oxygen  consumed 

Nirrne-en  as  J  A\b:  ammonia  . 

2.08 

Potassium  K  

Sodium  Na : 

14.2 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

Magnesium  Mg  

31.0 

55.7 

.5 

.6 

6.7 

1.3 

2.0 

11.4 

34  0 

62  1 

Ferrous  Fe 

Silica  Si 

10.1 

.9 
1.2 

2.8 

5  6 

Nitrate  NOa 

9  2 

Chloride  CI 

7  0 

Sulphate  SO4 

27  3 

Hypothetical 


II 

O 
c!p 

crq-O 

p  <T> 

*d 

Grains  per 
U.S.  gal. 

*d 

IS 

O 

BptJ 
p  n> 

"0 

3£ 

Is 

0Qt5 
p.  ft) 

Potassium  Nitrate 

1.5 

2.5 
4.2 

.08 
.14 
.24 

2.0 

.11 

2.3 
1.7 

.13 

Potassium  Chloride 

.10 

Potassium  Sulphate  

Potassium  Carbonate 

Sodium  Nitrate 

12.6 
11.5 

19.2 

73 

Sodium  Chloride 

3.3 
12.1 

.19 
.70 

2.3 
21.3 

.13 

1.24 

.67 

.7 

25.1 

2.1 

.04 

1.40 

.12 

1  11 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

4.0 

105.2 
138.3 

.23 
6.13 
8,04 

1.1 

85.2 
203.7 

.06 
4.97 
11.88 

18.0 

105.8 

155.0 

5.6 

1.04 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

87.6 
196.2 

2.8 

5.10 

11.44 

.16 

6.14 

Calcium  Carbonate 

8.99 

.32 

1.1 

1.1 

14.3 

.06 
.06 

.82 

4.1 

3.2 
12.7 

.24 
.19 

.74 

19.69 

Silica 

22  1 

1.28 

12.0 
339.7 

.70 

Total 

344.8 

20.00 

281.4 

16.34 

337.6 

19.70 

Analyst 

R.  V 

v.s. 

R.\ 

V.S. 

D. 

K. 

A.L 

,.  M. 

BARTOW  ET.   AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


167 


Rockford  .... 
Winnebago  . 
9286            

Rockford 
Winnebago  . 
13347  

Rockford  .. 
Winn'bago 

11146  

June  12,1903 
J.Safford.. 

119feet 

Clay 

Rockford 

Winnebago  . 
13670  

Rockford  .. 
Winn'bago 

12328  

Aug.  17, 1904 
R.  Lofgren 
350  feet 

Rockford . 
Winn'bago 

8971 

Jan.  22,1901 
1.  C.R   R.. 
400  to  2100  ft 

Aug.  4,1901.. 
I.C.R.R  ... 
River 

May  26, 1905.. 
W.  Renshaw 
Kent  creek.. 

Oct.  18,1905.. 
J.  C.  Allen.. 

200  feet  

Sandstone  . .. 

City  sup'ly 

Slight 

.01 

.000 

Very  slight.. 

.000 
Musty 

Slight 

.000 
.000 

Slight 

.000 
.000 

Clear 

.000 
.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

356. 
26.8 
1.4 
1.3 
,000 
.006 
.000 
1.6 

5'.6 

320. 

312.0 

299.2 
25.2 
3. 
2.3 
.008 
.036 
.014 
.106 

9 

.75 
1.0 
.024 
.032 
.000 
.12 

1.6 

4.0 

1.0 
.008 
.022 
.000 
.20 

24 

16.0 

9.4 

7.9 

32.7 
46.9 

36.0 
65.6 

42.7 

83.2 

.6 

.6 

6.1 

7.1 

1.4 

6.6 

32.5 

87.1 

.5 

5.2 

10.1 

.6 

.8 

6.6 

35.7 

61.2 

.4 

1.8 

4.7 

.9 

4.0 

13.4 

36  5 
63  3 

14  1 

5.3 

.5 

3.0 

10.5 

1.0 

9.0 
13.9 

8.5 

28.8 

Combinations. 


*d 

0  ™ 

O 

OQtJ 
S3  CO 

—   S3 

IS 

IS 

O 

C&3 

(K)TJ 

►d 

13  -t 

Q 

P=g 
oqtJ 

W  CD 

>—"-t 

"0 

II 
II 

O 

CO* 

IQtJ 
S3  CO 

33 

Is 

C 

coS' 

33 

Is 

O 

S3   CO 

.2 

01              .9 

.05 
.10 
.70 
.05 

1.5 
4.4 

.09 
.25 

KN03 

1.7 

12. G 

.9 

f 

K  CI    

K2 SO.      

K2  CC)3 

1.4 

.08 

.86 

1.19 

.43 

9.6 
2,3 
6.4 

.56 
.13 
.37 

.6 

4.9 

15.6 

1.7 

.03 

.28 
.90 
.10 

Na  N03  

14.8 

14.0 
11.9 

.82 

3.1 

19.9 
.9 

.18 

1.16 

.05 

Na  CI    . 

20.6 

Na,  SO. 

7.4 

3.8 

.22 

Na*  CO,"  . 

(NH4)2  C03 

26.0 

107.1 

164.0 

4.4 

1.52 

6.25 

9.57 

.26 

2.9 
146.4 

207.9 

.17 

8.54 

12.13 

Mg  S04  .. 

113.8 
117.1 

6.60 

6.79 

.63 

113.0 
217.5 

6.60 
12.69 

124.3 
152.9 

7.25 
8.92 

127.1 

158  0 
1.5 

7.37 

9.16 

.09 

MgCOs 

CaCOs 

10.8 

Fe2  03+Al2  03. 
Fe  C03 

,8 

1.1 

12.9 

.05 

.06 

.75 

1.1 
9.8 
22.7 

.06 

.57 

1.32 

.8 
3.4 
10.1 

.05 
.20 

.59 

-'<U 

"53 

Al2  03    

30.8 

1.79 

10.4 

.61 

Si02 

316.7 

18.37 

337.8 

19.72 

390.5 

22.77 

383.4 

22.36 

321.3 

18.74 

318.5 

18.46 

A.  L.  M. 

J.M.  L. 

P.  B. 

J.  M.  L. 

J.  M.L. 

A.  L.  M. 

168 


MINEKAL  CONTEXT  OF  WATEES. 


BULL.   NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Rock  Island. .. 
Rock  Island. .. 
10325  

Rock  Island. .. 
Rock  Island. .. 

7682    . 

Rock  Island. .. 
Rock  Island. .. 

10299  

Mar.  28,1902  ... 
R.Bancroft.... 

10326 

Date  .     ...          

Mar  17,1902.... 
M.J.  Hamers.. 
Mississippi ..  .. 
River 

June  7,1900.... 
G.  G.  Craig... 
Spring 

Mar  17  1902 

Depth 

Mississippi 

Strata  

Water  from 
drum  of  250 
h.  p.  boiler  .. 

Decided 

Brownish 

Disagreeable.. 

Black  Hawk... 
Slight 

Black  Hawk... 

Turbidity 

Clear  

Odor 

.01 
.000 

.000 
.000 

Muddy 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

1372.4 
263.6 
55. 
185.4 
.096 
2.88 
.03 
13.97 

642. 
76.4 
30.6 
2.2 
.008 
.052 
.000 
14.8 
9.3 
35.2 

524. 
56.8 
18. 
3.2 
.02 
.048 
.000 
3.4 
5.0 
15.4 

80  8 

16. 

4 

11  5 

fFree  ammonia.. 
NitroKenas  ^Ib.ammonia... 

.592 
.176 

004 

^Nitrates 

.236 

Potassium  K 

Sodium  Na 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

361.1 

.1 

2.1 

84.3 

4.3 

Magnesium  Mg 

49.3 
173.3 

40.1 

112.8 

.5 

.9 

7.0 

15.1 

18.0 

132.7 

1.9 

Calcium  Ca 

4.3 

9. 

2.6 

61.9 

55.0 

268.3 

11.8 

65.5 

30.6 

244.3 

2.1 

Nitrate  NOs  

1  0 

Chloride  CI 

0.4 

Sulphate  S04 

9  1 

Hypothetical 


EH™ 

11 

Q 

!*g 

3  3 

UP -a 

.-1 

§.5 

32 

n 

J»g 

24.1 

1.40 

12.9 

.74 

84.8 

90.8 

396.9 

245.9 

4.95 

5.30 

23.15 

14.34 

69.6 
41.5 

4.05 
2.42 

•    9.8 

.57 

?. 4 

.7 

11.5 

.08 

.04 

39.6 

2.30 

.67 

2.0 

.8 

.12 

.3 

.02 

.05 

7.2 
225.8 

.42 

13.17 

132.5 
46.6 

7.73 
2.71 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

7.1 

.41 

6.5 

.38 

95.9 

362.3 

0.6 

5.59 

21.13 

.03 

210.7 
3.6 

12.29 
.21 

281.9 

16.43 

10.7 
3.0 

.62 

.17 

1.2 

1.8 
14.8 

.07 

.10 

.87 

Silica 

37.2 

92.9 

1170.2 

2.17 
5.42 

68.26 

25.0 

1.46 

4.5 
41.0 

.26 

2.39 

852.0 

49.67 

Total 

541.1 

31.52 

82.10 

4.78 

A.  E 

►.  E. 

R.\ 

V.  S. 

a.  r 

).  E. 

A.  E 

>.  E. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATEE    ANALYSES. 


169 


Waters — Continued. 


Rock  Island. 
Rock  Island. 

7535  .  .* 

May  14,1900.. 
G.G.Craig  .. 

2292feet 

Potsdam 

Flowing 

Very  slight.. 

.01 

.000 


Romeoville 

Will 

9317 


f. 


167  feet. 
Rock 


Keig 


Rosemond 
Christian  .. 

4441 

Nov. 23, 1908 
C.S.Bailey 
Spring 


Village  well. | City  sup'ly 

Slight [Distinct  .  .. 

.2 |  .05 

.000        I     '     .000 

( 


Roseville  — 

Warren 

12793  

Dec.  20, 1904.. 
E.G.Willard 

1260feet 

Rock 

None 

.000 

.000 


Roseville.. 
Warren 

12094  

May  30, 1904 
J.C.  Lewis 
1260  feet.... 
Sandstone. 


City  sup'ly 

Slight 

1. 
.000 


Rushville  .. 
Schuyler  .. 

10421  

May  26,1902 
H.F.Dyson 
1512feet.... 
Sandstone. 


Distinct 
Muddy  . 
Gassy... 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c, 


Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 


Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c, 


Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 


1635.6 
14.4 
660. 
3.7 
1.32 
.014 
.075 
.24 
17.6 
443.5 
1.7 
35.9 
102.8 
1.4 
.5 
3.6 
1.0 
660.0 
420.4 


985.6 
44.4 
44. 
7.4 
.464 
.152 
.000 
.08 
1.3 
37.3 
.6 
81.5 
172.5 


44.0 
343.9 


302.8 
38. 
2. 
1.3 
.072 
.044 
.000 
.25 
2.8 
16.0 


2810. 


1233.2 


28.1 
71.0 
1.0 
1.6 
20.1 
1.1 
2.0 
7.5 


245. 
2.0 
1.360 
.040 
.130 
.070 
19.1 
496.6 
1.7 
93. 
225.5 
2.3 
13.8 
5.8 


218. 
Not  det'ed 


4284. 

102. 

1485. 


.016 
.040 


.04 
.000 


480.3 


85.6 
213.6 


1192.2 

2.4 

76.5 

175.6 


4.5 


245.0 
1486.0 


218.5 
1338.0 


1485.0 
1026:3 


Combinations. 


gg 

Q 

►■d 

B.3. 

^  CO 

II 

O 
?3 

gg 

O 
?3 

gg. 

£*cn 

IS 

Q 

■  « 

^0 

gg. 

?3 

3.1 

■  S. 

1  7 

.10 

1.87 

.6 
2.1 

.03 
.12 

1.9 
4.0 

.11 
.23 

KNO, 

32  3 

35.0 

2.04 

K  CI 

NaNOa 

1062.3 

61.96 
4.66 

54.3 
42.1 

3.17 
2.46 

376.7 
1074.7 

21.97 
62.69 

360.5 
1043.1 

21.03 
60.84 

2450.2 
704.2 

142.89 
41.06 

NaCl 

80.1 

11.2 

28.5 

.63 

1.66 

Na,  S04 

Na,  CO. 

6  2 

.36 

2.2 

.13 

6.2 

.36 

8.8 

.51 

(NH2)2  S04  .... 

(NH  )2  CQ3 

MgCL 

178  5 

10.40 

405.0 

23.62 

462.3 

26.97 

425.4 

24.81 

380.4 

22.19 

MgS04  

MgC05 

CaS04 

97.8 

5.70 

310.4 

is.io 

1.66 

100.5 
357.2 

5.86 
20.83 

545.7 
160.8 

31.83 
9.38 

415.1 

228.4 
6.4 

24.22 

13.32 

.37 

339.7 
189. 
3.4 

19.81 

11.02 

.2 

28.6 

177.3 

10.33 

CaCOs 

ire    o3  +  ALO, 

2.9 

.17 
.06 
.44 

1.6 
1.2 

8.6 

.09 
.07 
.50 

2.1 

3.0 

43.9 

.12 

.02 

2.55 

4.7 
26.0 
12.4 

.27 

1.52 

.72 

FeC03 ".... 

1.0 

Al.  Q3  

7.6 

9.6 

.56 

8.4 
37.6 

.49 
2.29 

Si  Oo 

1711.6 

99.78 

975.4 

56.88 

369.7 

21.35 

2704.5 

157.75 

2488.5 

145.15 

4121.7 

240.45 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  D 

.  E. 

R.  \ 

V.  S. 

J.  M 

.  L. 

J.  IV 

I.  L. 

A.  D.  E. 

170 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town  . .. 

Russell 

Russell 

Salem 

Marion 

9043 

Gallatin 

Laboratory  number 

10217  

10996  

3485 

Date 

Owner  

Feb  12.1902.... 
G.  Holland.... 
30  feet 

Apr.  13,1903.... 
Murrie  Bros. .. 

165  feet 

Rock 

Mar.  19,1901  ... 
E.  M.  Coff  man 

Spring 

Sand 

Apr.  21, 1898.... 

Dr.  Egan 

Spring 

Sand  .. 

Depth 

Strata 

Capacity 

60  bbls.  per  day 

Remarks ; 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

.6 
.000 

Slight 

2. 
.000 

Decided' 

Yellow 

.000 

Color 

03 

Odor 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

816.4 
94.8 
38. 
4.8 
.608 
.118 
.005 
.315 
27.1 

312. 
10. 

12. 
4.3 

.288 
.062 
.000 
.08 
2.7 

.4 

23.6 

34.2 

3.0 

5.7 

5.5 

.3 

12.0 

64.9 

268. 
16. 
1.8 
7.9 
.336 
.56 
.004 
.116 
1.0 

.43 

8.2 

17.0 

.9 

1.3 

6.8 

.5 

1.8 

15.6 

273  6 

°6  4 

Chlorine 

1.8 

3  5 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.j^.ammonia.. 

.022 
.102 
.001 

t.  Nitrates 

185 

2  4 

Sodium  Na 

Magnesium  Mg 

64.3 

116.1 

1.9 

25.7 

Calcium  Ca 

56.9 

Ferrous  Fe 

1.3 

Aluminium  Al 

.5 

Silica  Si 

9.1 

1.4 

38.0 

247.2 

18. 

Nitrate  NOs  

.8 

Chloride  CI 

1.8 

Sulphate  S04 

6.7 

Hypothetical 


*d 

O 

aqt! 

CO   (t 

*d 

IS 

O 
j»g 

to  a 

IS 

O 

C]p 

5*1 

oqtJ 
S3  n 

3* 
52 

Potassium  Nitrate 

2.2 
50.1 

.13                6 

.04 
.27 

.8 
1.2 

.04 

.07 

1.3 
3.3 

.08 

Potassium  Chloride 

2.93 

4.6 

.19 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Sodium  N itrate ; 

23.6 
110.1 

1.38 
6.42 

16.2 
96.0 
97.6 

.94 
5.60 
5.70 

2.3 
20.6 

.14 
1.20 

.4 
9.9 

6.8 

.02 

Sodium  Sulpha te 

.58 

Sodium  Carbonate 

.39 

1.1 

.06 

1.1 

06. 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

215.9 
122.0 

12.59 
7.12 

82.1 

4.79 

28.5 

1.65 

89.5 

5.22 

Calcium  Carbonate 

289.4 

16.88 

85.4 

4.98 

42.5 

2.46 

141.1 

8.31 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

3.9 

.23 

6.3 
10.7 

.37 
.62 

1.9 
1.3 

2.0 
14.4 

.ii 

.07 
.11 

.82 

2.8 
9.9 

.16 
.58 

Silica 

19.4 

1.13 

11.6 

.68 

38.4 

2.24 

150.8 

8.74 

Total 

836.6 

48.81 

412.2 

24.05 

267.4 

15.47 

303.4 

17.77 

Analyst 

A.  D.  E. 

P.  B. 

A.  R.  J. 

R.  W.  S. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATER    ANALYSES. 


171 


Wat  ers — C  ontinue  d . 


Shawneeto'n 

Shelby  ville.. 

Sheldon  ... 

Sidell 

S.  Bart'nv'e 

S.Elgin... 

Gallatin 

Shelby 

Iroquois  .  .. 

Vermilion.  .. 

Peoria 

Kane 

12212  . 

5144           

4922 

Apr.  24. 1899 

4011 

8954 

Jan.  17,1901 

7525 

June  6,1900 

June  30,1904 

June  1,1899.. 

Aug.  28,1898. 

A.  McBane.. 

S.  Water  Co. 

J.D.W'k'ns 

W.B.  Cra'blelAcn 

F.  Wills.  .. 

148  feet 

25  feet 

1,800  feet  .. 

Spring 

Creek 

115  feet  .... 

Rock 

Gravel  

Rock 

Clay 

Rock 

City  supply. 
Decided 

Flowing.  .. 
Slight 

Decided 

Distinct... 

Decided 

V.  decided. 

Muddy 

.000 

Yellow 

.03 

Red 

Muddy  .... 
.000 

01 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

541.2 

574. 

788. 

7690.8 

488.8 

312. 

50.4 

26. 

366. 

20.4 

8.8 

2.6 

14  2 

320. 

47. 

3.4 

6. 

1.45 

1.5 

2.3 

4.2 

17.3 

.7 

.200 

.24 

.4 

2.32 

.24 

.4 

.020 

.034 

.034 

.224 

.624 

.036 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.034 

.001 

3.8 

2.7 

8.3 

12.5 

7.9 

20.2 

19.9 

283.6 

206.5 

14.6 

74.7 

.3 

.5 

3.0 

.3 

.5 

50.9 

46.5 

7.4 

266.9 

14.2 

17.3 

113.9 

114.6 

14.2 

474.1 

53.1 

28.1 

5.6 

.7 

996.6 

.4 

1.1 

.5 

110.3 

.4 

13.4 

5.3 

3.5 

32.2 

82.8 

4.6 

.6 

.1 

.5 

.2 

7.7 

.6 

-   2.6 

14.2 

320.0 

47.0 

3.4 

6.0 

8.6 

164.4 

17.5 

5056.8 

57.9 

.6.1 

Combinaiions. 


§5 

O 

»§" 

opts 
p  a> 

§2 

a 
dp 

crc)t) 
EL5 

13 

II 

§2 

G 
•  cog" 

iq'O 

P  CD 

3£ 

II 

G 

j»g 

OqtJ 
p  n 

G 

Cp 

crq'o 
p  n> 
i— "i 

3£ 

win 

Q 

Cp 

jog 

(K?t3 
p  n> 
»— "-t 

.9 

.05 
.32 

.08 

.2 

4.9 

.01 

.28 

.7 
15.4 

.04 
.89 

.4 
23.6 

.02 
1.37 

.9 
12.6 
2.2 

.05 
.73 
.13 

KNO, 

5.5 

KC1.  . 

1.5 

K„SO, 

10.5 

5.6 

29.5 

.61 

.32 

1.71 

NaN03  . 

19.6 
37.5 

1.13 
2.19 

515.3 

25.9 

166.9 

30.05 
1.51 
9.73 

59.0 
565.6 

3.44 

32.98 

NaCl 

11.5 
38.0 

.68 
2.20 

7.3 
166.5 

.42 
9.71 

Na,SC\ 

Na2C03  .. 

1.1 

.06 

11.0 

.64 

1.1 

.06 

(NH4)2S04 

(NH4)2C03 

1.3 

.07 

1.3 

.07 

172.9 
40.7 

10.09 
2.37 

1326.6 

77.38 

24.0 
32.8 

1.39 
1.90 

MgS04 

MgC03 

CaS04 

'177.2 

10.33 

25.8 

1.50 

60.3 

3.52 

1610.6 

93.94 

284.5 

16.59 
.26 

286.4 

16.70 

35.5 

2.07 

132.7 
64.7 

7.70 
3.75 

70.2 

4.09 

CaC03 

4.4 

Fe203-fAi,03.. 
FeSOj 

2704.8 

157.78 

11.6 

2.0 

.67 
.11 

1.5 
.9 

.08 
.05 

.    .8 
.8 

.05 

.05 

FeC03 

AL03   .. 

694.5 
68.4 
148. 

40.51 
3.99 
8.21 

AL(S<J4-)3 

SiOa 

so3 

28.6 

1.67 

11.3 

.66 

7.4 

.43 

176.0 

10.21 

9.8 

.57 

552.1 

32.18 

588.2 

34.27 

796.6 

46.42 

7212.5 

420.26 

476.9 

27.65 

332.7 

19.39 

J.  M. 

L. 

R.  W 

.S. 

R.  V 

fs.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  L.  M. 

R.\ 

V.  S. 

172 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.    NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

South  Elgin  ... 

Kane 

10735 .... 

Nov.  1,1902.... 
T.  A.  Fraser.  .. 

160  feet  

Limestone  — 

South  Elgin... 
Kane 

Sparta 

Randolph ■ 

273? 

Springfield 

Smgamon   

9609 

12448  .... 

Date 

Sept.  14.1904... 
Daily  Smith  ... 
237  feet 

Sept.  30,1897.  .. 
H.  Guthrie  .... 

500  feet 

Rock 

Nov.  13,1901 

A.  Hav 

Depth 

Spring 

Strata  

Limestone 

Turbidity 

Very  slight.... 
.000 
.000 

Clear  

Decided 

Muddy 

Color 

.000 
.000 

Odor 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

344.8 
16.4 

2. 

1.8 
.28 
.062 
.000 
.16 

137.1 

.6 

7.2 

14.8 

1.3 

.7 
4.5 

.7 
2.0 
5.9 

548.0 

447.6 

32. 

4.4 

9.7 

.004 

.4 

.015 
.3 

829.1 
1.0 
3.1 
2.7 
1.0 
.8 
3.9 
1.7 
4.4 

1334  8 

98  4 

8.5 

1.1 
.20 
.022 
.0C4 
.240 

231.8 

11 

Oxygen  consumed 

Nitrogen  as. -j  §  lb^ammonia.. 

2. 
.28 
.064 
001 

t  Nitrates 

.16 

30  1 

4 

Magnesium  Mg 

1.0 

2.4 
.2 
.8 

3. 

1.0 

8.5 
15.9 

92.6 

255.4 

Ferrous  Fe 

5.4 

.8 

Silica  Si 

5.5 

Nitrate  N03 , 

.5 

Chloride  CI 

11.0 

Sulphate  S04 

434.6 

Hypothetical 


si 

C3 

*0 
§1 

O 
trc?tJ 

18 

C 

11 

O 
crq  *o 

Potassiu  m  N  itrate 

l.l 

12.6 
8.7 

.06 
.74 
.51 

1.7 

3.0 

.10 
.17 

2.3 
13.0 

.13 

.75 

.7 
10.8 

.04 

Potassium  Chloride  

.63 

Potassium  Sulphate  

Sodium  Nitrate 

Sodium  Chloride 

11.7 

23.6 

505.6 

.68 

1.38 

29.49 

789.1 

46.02 

9.9 

79.7 

.56 

Sodium  Sulphate 

.4 
115.9 

.02 
12.59 

4.66 

1194.0 

69.64 

Ammonium  Chloride 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

1.5 

.08 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

1.6 

.09 

2.7 

.16 

Magnesium  Chloride 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

460.5 

26.86 

25. 

1.46 

3.6 

.21 

10.7 

.62 

Calcium  Sulphate 

19.4 
624.0 

1.12 

Calcium  Carbonate 

37. 

2.16 

5.9 

.34 

6.8 

.40 

36.40 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

2.7 
1.3 

.16 

.08 

.5 
1.6 

.03 
.09 

2.0 
1.5 

.11 

.09 

11.3 
1.5 

.66 

Alumina  

.C9 

Aluminium  Sulphate 

Silica 

9.5 

.55 

6.4 

.37 

8.20 

.05 

11.8 

.69 

Sulphuric  Acid 

Total 

315.8 

18.42 

563.6 

32.86 

2030.3 

117.97 

1231.1 

71.79 

Analyst 


P.  B. 


J.  M.  L. 


R.  W.  S. 


A.  D.  E. 


BARTOW  ET.   AL.] 


WATER    ANALYSES. 


173 


Wat  ers< —  C  ontinue  d . 


Springfield.. 
Sangamon  .. 
10638    

Springfield.. 
Sangamon  .. 
13529  .      . 

Spring  Val. 

Bureau 

451 

Jan.  31,1896 
M.  Cov'ny. 

Staunton 

Macoupin  ... 
10835  

St.  Charles. 

Kane 

10404  

May  21,1902 
W.J.Calhn 
210  feet  .... 
Rock 

St.  Charles. 

Kane 

10405  

May  21, 1902 
W.J.Calhn 
150  feet  .... 
Rock 

Sept.  28,1902. 
G.S.Conn'ly 
Spring 

Sept.  11.1905. 
M.D.Schatf. 
28  feet 

Jan.  2.1903  .. 
H.  A.  Fisher. 

Rock 

City  supply  . 

Decided 

Blackish 

Vinegar 

Flowing.  .. 

Distinct  . .. 
.05 
.000 

Very  slight 
.000 
.000 

.000 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

1910.4 

425. 

600.4 
65.6 
6.1 
37.3 
.56 
.032 
.003 
.56 

376. 
62. 

.8 
3. 
.48 
.056 
.02 
.38 
4.1 
22.2 
.6 
42.4 
67.2 
1.1 
1.3 
6.7 
1.7 
.8 
4.8 

432. 
34.4 
3.2 
1.2 
.376 
.04 
.003 
.397 
12.9 
64.6 
.48 
26.7 
56.6 
.9 
.9 
3.1 
1.7 
3.2 
81.7 

260. 

140. 

5  5 

1.6 

.12 

.035 

.125 

7.1 

18.4 
882.1 

57.7 
2.1 

19.2 

40.0 

.7 

30.8 

54.7 

5.2 

6.0 

2.7 

2.5 

6.1 

401.8 

115.2 

428.9 

1.4 

31.7 
84.3 

18.2 
7.2 

2.6 

5.6 

.5 

5.2 

4.7 

140.0 
695.5 

17.0 

150.8 

1276.9 
48.0 

Combinations. 


►d 

IS 

dice 

O 

Cp 

UqtJ 

*d 

§1 

p  Cb 

§1 

0 

j»g 

OQ'O 

►d 
a  i-i 

»g 

P5   (T> 

TO 

IS 

03  fD 

9 

05 

2.8 
1.5 
5.4 

.16 
.09 
.32 

2.8 

6.7 

19.8 

.16 

.39 

1.16 

KNO, 

13. 

.76 

36.2 

2.11 

KC1  .... 

K2SQ4 

3.5 
10.1 

107.9 

.20 

.59 

6.29 

NaNU3  

146.8 

8.57 

28. i 
25.2 

1.64 
1  47 

2076. 
70.9 
98. 

121.09 
4.13 

5.72 

NaCl 

2.7 
49.1 

.16 
2.87 

104.7 
70.6 

8.10 
4.12 

Na.SO, 

Na,  C03     . 

6.2 

.36 

NH4C1 

2.6 

.15 

(NH.),SO.  .. 



1.6 

.09 

1.3 

.08 

(NHJ2  C03.... 

54.8 

3.20 
29.35 

MgCL     . 

503.1 

157.8 

9.21 

153.3 

8.94 

MgSQ4 

MgC03 

CaS04 

63.5 

3.70 

147.4 

8.60 

92.8 

5.42 

415.1 

24.23 
44.70 

10.7 
201.7 

2.8 

.62 

11.77 

.16 

185.8 

10.84 

766.4 

145. 

8.43 

167.9 

9.79 

141.5 

8.26 

CaCOa 

Fe,03  +  Alo03. 
Fe  S04 

14.1 

.83 

2.9 

.17 

.29 

15. 

.87 

2.3 
2.4 

.13 
.14 

1.9 

1.8 

.11 
.11 

Fe  C03 

5. 

AL  03 

38.9 
5.7 
32. 

2.27 
.33 

1.87 

AL(S04)3 

Si  O,... 

12.0 

.70 

11.0 

.64 

10. 

.58 

14.2 

.83 

6.6 

.39 

H.S04 . 

1926.2 

112.38 

437.3 

25.51 

2514.6 

146.63 

553.9 

32.31 

397.3 

23.18 

450.5 

26.30 

A.  D 

E. 

J.  M 

L. 

A.  V 

/.P. 

P.  1 

3. 

A.I 

).  E. 

A.  I 

).  E. 

174 


MINEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


St.  Charles 

Sterling- 

Whiteside 

3744    . 

Sterling — 

Whiteside 

3745 

Sterling 

10406 

May  12, 1902.... 
W.  J.  Calhoun 
230feet 

13251. 

Date 

June  24,1898... 
B.Stakemiller. 
Spring 

June  24,1898.... 
B.Stakemiller. 
Spring 

June  24,1905.. 

J.  Harpham. .. 
Spring 

Depth 

Strata 

Rock 

K  emarks 

Turbidity 

Clear  

.000 
.000 

Very  slight 

.02 
.000 

Very  slight 

.02 
.000 

Clear. 

Color    

000 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

460. 

350.4 
52. 

8. 
.7 

.001 
.01 
.001 

2.1 

643.6 
82.8 
23- 
3.2 
.016 
.096 
.001 

2.5 

402.0 

52.4 

13. 
1.4 
.384 
.022 
.014 

13.4 

.49 

35.4 

71.9 

2 

'.2 

3.4 

9. 

1.35 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.jAlb.  ammonia... 

.040 
.000 

4.0 

39.3 

73.3 

.5 

.6 

6.6 

7.7 

8.0 

21.2 

.     68.9 

105.4 

.3 

.7 

11.5 

.7 

23.0 

108.7 

48.1 

Calcium  Ca 

42.3 

.3 

2.5 

1.3 

Nitrate  N03 

17.3 
13.0 
80.7 

23.1 

Chloride  CI 

9.0 

Sulphate  S04 

24.0 

Hypothetical 


IS 

O 
£.5 

O 
F»!jf 

3S 

is 

Q 
CIS 

53   IP 

jag 

Potassium  N  itrate 

28.3 
4.9 

1.65 
.29 

5.4 

.31 

i.i 

3.9 

.06 
.22 

10.3 

.60 

6.0 
13.2 

2.5 

.35 
.76 
.14 

23.0 
1.5 

1.34 

Sodium  Chloride 

18.6 
86.6 

1.09 
5.06 

34.8 
19.2 

2.03 
1.11 

.09 

Sodium  Carbonate 

1.8 

.11 

i 

10.9 
30.0 
136.5 

.63 

26.1 
105. 

1.53 
6.12 

24.4 
119.9 

1.42 
6.98 

119.5 
154.1 

6.96 
8.98 

1.75 

7.95 

179.7 

.5 

.4 

7.3 

10.49 
.03 
.02 
.43 

183.2 

1.1 

1.2 

14.0 

10.68 
.06 
.07 
.80 

263.2 

.6 

1.4 

24.6 

15.34 

.03 

.08 

1.43 

108.0 

.6 

4.8 

2.7 

6.30 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

.03 

.28 

Silica 

.16 

Total 

459.2 

26.82 

370.9 

,    21.57 

622.4 

36.24 

328.3 

19.13 

A.  D.  E. 

R.  W.S. 

R.  W.  S. 

J.  M.  L. 

BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


171 


Sterling 

Whiteside. .. 
4212 

Sterling 

Whiteside.... 
6300. 

Stockton  .. 
JoDaviess.. 
4242.     . 

Stonefort 

Saline 

8647 

Stonefort... 

Saline 

9524  feet... 
Oct.  18,1901. 
A.  J.  Kelly 

101  feet 

Rock  

Strawn 

Livingston 

12296 

July  30,1904 
Pete  Kuntz 

120  feet 

Sand  &  gr.. 

Oct.  12,1898.. 
J.B.Crandall. 

1460feet 

St.  Peter..... 
Flowing. .... 
City  supply.. 

Slight. 

01 

Nov.  13,1899.. 
J.B.Crandall. 

1606  feet 

St.  Peter 

Oct  21,1898. 
J.M.Sharp. 
1500  feet.... 
Sandstone.. 

uct.  8.1900... 
Ira  Schnee... 

72^  feet 

Rock; 

Slight 

.  .02 
.000 

Decided.... 

Muddv  .... 
.000 

Decided... 
.6 
.000 

.04 
.000 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

33L2 
64. 

341.2 
36,4 
9. 
.9 

.152 
.012 
.000 
.12 
6.7 
6.2 


328.8 
38. 

.6 
2. 
.37 
.018 
.000 
.1 
1.1 
14.6 
.5 
32.0 
105.6 
.7 
1.4 
6.8 
.5 
.6 
1.1 

3,449.2 
364. 
51. 
17.8 
.12 
.064 
.003 
.117 
13.6 
169.0 
2 

134^7 

189.3 

122.2 

15.0 

15.8 

.6 

51.0 

1,126.5 

2.026.8 
121.2 
38. 
1.5 

.84 
.024 
.000 
.08 

202.3 

89.1 

248.9 

2.5 

1.3 

6.3 

315.2 

10. 
.9 

.008 
.01 
.000 
.4 

5.9 

5.8 

.9 
1.3 

.256 
.036 
.000 
.16 

11.1 

36.3 
66.9 
.07 
.4 
4.1 
1.7 

35.7 

61.8 

.3 

.4 

4.2 

6 

9.0 

25.1 

31.8 

65.1 

1.9 

'  .7 
6.6 
.7 
1.0 
1.3 

10.0 

28.4 

38.0 
933.8 

Combinations. 


I— -03 

IS 


Q 

*V 

O 

hd 

O 

T) 

C?u 

S3. 

C3 

3* 

C^as 

a  p 
5.3 

-••a 

<*g 

J?"0 

X-t3 

53   <B 

S3 

Is 

BS 

^"2 
fa  n 

0  a> 
a  S 

►ti 

0 

*Q 

O 

R£ 

r> 

^ 

tt-o 

pS 

O) 

a  -1 

PS  <T  - 

2.8 
9.2 


9  2 
6.9 


29.7 
105.4 


167.1 
2 
!8 

8.7 


.54 


1.73 
6.14 


340.0    19.82 


.9 
11.4 


5.9 
11.9 


21.! 


154.2 


325.0 


.05 


1.23 
6.37 


1.2 


1.8 

iii.3 


191.4 

1.4 

2.6 

14.4 


18.92    358.5    20.87 


.07 


.07 


6.49 

ii*i6 

.08 
.15 


.9 
26.0 


442.9 


662.0 


425.0 
160.0 
253.0 
28.4 
33.6 


2123. 


.05 
1.51 


45. 


3.70 
25 


26.9 
591.5 


04 


38.62 


442.8 


34.78 
9.33 

14.67 
1.65 
1.95 

123.17 


254.5 

434.9 

5.2 

2.4 

13.4 


1817.2 


2.65 


1.56 
34.50 


25.82 


14.82 
25.37 


105.96 


2.3 
21.9 


320.2 


.13 

1.28 


110.7 

6.46 

162.5 

4.0 

1.4 

14.0 

9.47 
.23 

,08 
.82 

18.66 


KN03 

KC1 

K,S04 

NaNO, 

NaCl 

Na,S04.... 
Na„  C03.... 
(NHJo  S04 

(nhj:  CO, 
Mgci; 

MgS04 

MgCOs.... 

CaS04 

CaCO, 

FeC03 

A1203 

SiO. 


R.  W.S. 


R.  W.  S. 


R.  W.  S. 


A.R.J. 


A.  D.  E. 


J.  M.  L. 


176 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Anah'Ms  of  Illinois 


Town 

Streator 

LaSalle 

6192 

Streator 

LaSalle 

13603  

Streator 

LaSalle 

7807    . 

Streator 

LaSalle 

10759 

Laboratory  number 

Date 

Oct.  30,1899.... 
D.  S.  Conley.. 
Vermilion  riv'r 

Sept.  16,1905... 

D.  Heenan 

70  feet 

June  28,1900... 
D.  S.  Conley.. 
563  feet 

Nov.  21,1902... 
Glass  &Bot.Co 

Depth 

Strata  

Sandstone 

Rock 

Limestone  .... 

Remarks 

City  supply  . .. 

Turbidity 

Distinct 

1.08 
.000 

Decided 

Muddy 

.000 

Decided 

Turbid 

Distinct 

Muddy 

.000 

Color 

Odor 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams  • 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

331.6 
38.8 
11. 
5.4 
.008 
.304 

.68 

2250. 

"'260.' 

15. 

.438 
.120 
.000 
.12 

1173.2 

42. 

470. 

8.2  ' 

1949 

Loss  on  ignition 

106 

800 

Oxygen  consumed 

8  1 

Nitrogens  ^lb.  ammonia.. 

1.36 

.028 

.001 

.28 

000 

[.Nitrates 

16 

Alkalinity  K 

Potassium 

3.3 
19.5 

9.1 
748.0 

18.6 

298.1 

1.4 

32.1 

68.2 

.9 

1.3 

13.6 

1.1 

470.0 

53.2 

Sodium  Na 

413  3 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

1  8 

32.7 

52.8 

.8 

.7 

5.3 

2.9 

10.5 

70.0 

11.7 

24.9 

15.2 

8.8 

69.6 

.6 

260.0 

5.3 

60  2 

Calcium  Ca 

143  3 

Aluminium  Al 

Silica  Si 

2  4 

Nitrate  NO, 

7 

Chloride  CI 

800  0 

Sulphate  S03 

202.0 

Lithium  Li 

Hypothetical 


id 

II 

Q 

/'CO 

*  "2 

3  3 

£-co 

II 

crqw 

*d 

2.3 

IS 

O 
CIS 

pi 

3.3 
taw 

II 

•  s. 

cc3" 

•     CO 

Potassium  Nitrate 

4.7 

2.8 

.27 
.16 

.9 
16.6 

.05 
.97 

1.9 
34.1 

.11 

1.98 

Potassium  Chloride 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Nitrate 

.9 
1095.8 

.05 

Sodium  Chloride 

15.2 
41.7 

.88 
2.43 

416.0 

7.8 

1340.1 

24.27 
.46 

78.18 

747.9 
12.1 

43.63 
.70 

63.92 

Ammonium  Chloride 

5.3 

.31 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

5.1 

.30 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

Magnesium  Chloride 

177.5 
75.3 

10.36 

52.3 

77.2 

3.05 

5L9 

75.6 

3.02 
4.40 

4  40 

4.50 

40.7 

2.37 

Calcium  Sulphate 

266.9 
217.4 

2.8 

11.72 

Calcium  Carbonate 

131.9 

7.69 

62.2 

3.63 

170.3 

9.93 

12.68 

.16 

1.6 

1.3 
11.3 

.09 
.07 
.66 

31.6 
16.6 

148.8 
88.6 

1.84 

.97 

8.68 

5.17 

1.9 

2.4 

29.0 

.ii 

.14 
1.69 

Alumina  

Silica 

5.2 

27.4 

.30 

Suspended  Matter 

1.60 

Lithium  Sulphate 

Total   

340.0 

19.80 

2169.9 

126.59 

1132.2 

66.01 

1808.5 

105.5 

Analyst. 


R.  W.  S. 


J.  M.  L. 


R.  W.  S. 


P.  B. 


BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 


WATEE   ANALYSES. 


177 


Waters — Continued. 


Streator  

LaSalle 

10892 

Feb.  12,1903.. 
Gas  &  Lt.  Co. 
598  feet 

Streator 

LaSalle 

10901  

Feb.  25, 1903  . 
J.Dougherty 

800feet 

Rock 

Streator 

LaSalle .... 

13753  

Nov. 18, 1905 
Clay  Mf. Co 

lOOfeet 

St.  Peter... 

Stronghurst . 
Henderson  .. 

4105 

Sept.  20,1898. 
I.F.Harter  .. 

1600feet 

St.  Peter. 

Sumner 

Lawrence  . 

11726  

Jan.  6, 1904.. 
H.  Fagin  .. 
Spring 

Tallula  .... 

Menard 

12402  

Sept.  1,1904 
W.S.T'ylor 
12  ft.  spring 
Gravel ..... 

Very  slight.. 
.000 
.000 

Decided 

Muddy 

Mouldy 

Decided  ... 
Muddy  ..".. 

Slight 

.02 
.000 

Decided  ... 

Yellow  .... 

.000 

Distinct..  .. 

Yellow  .... 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

1060.8 

22.8 

894. 
24. 
260. 
16.6 
.92 
.024 
.000 
.2 

891. 

1319.2 
24. 
290. 
3  3 
1.08 
.014 
.012 
.25 

6560. 

532.4 

413. 
5.3 

216.5 

79. 
4.2 
.88 
.126 
.000 
.000 

2.9 

4. 
.456 
.176 
.000 
.040 

.516 

.052 

.021 
.099 

.000 

20.1 

241.2 

1.2 

24.6 

46.6 

1.8 

3.0 

18.2 

.4 

216.5 

5.5 

28.2 

27.0 

302.8 

1.4 

34.1 

81.1 

.3 

.8 

1.1 

.1 

290.0 

525.1 

.1 

6.6 

354.0 

1.1 

219.0 

912.1 

7.2 

3.0 

3.9 

2.1 
22.1 

.6 

46.9 

118.8 

1.7 

1.1 

8.9 

269  =  0 

.7 

26.7 

72.2 

1.2 

189.5 

1.2 

24.1 

49.9 

2.2 

3.9 
.5 

2.8 

.9 

260.0 

14.6 

413. 
103.6 

79.0 
3820.3 

2.9 
4.7 

Combinations. 


►0 

33 
EST 

11 

p  rt> 

p  n 

hd 
3  3 

3s 

O 

pi' 

trq-O 
p  n 

"0 

33 

uptt 

P  CD 

•-d 

ft 

(jqtJ 
p  n 

►tl 

Bg 

11 

d9- 

^p 

crq-o 
p  a> 

.7 

.04 
3.11 

.6 
38.8 

.04 
2.27 

1.7 
50.2 

.10 
2.92 

KN03  

53.4 

12.7 

.74 

4.8 

.28 

K  CI 

K0SO4 

1.3 

429.0 

21.7 

29.6 

.08 

25.03 

1.27 

1.73 

NaNO,.. 

639.5 

37.30 
3.14 

326.7 

8.2 

253.4 

19.06 

..48 
14.78 

438.5 
401.9 

25.57 
23.44 

120.4 
945.8 

7.02 
55.23 

NaCl 

53.8 

7.9 
43.9 

.46 
2.55 

Na2S04 

Na2  CO, 

NH    CI 

2  6 

.15 

5.1 

.30 

4.0 

.23 

""i.*8 

"".ib 

(NH4)sSO*.... 
(NHJ0.CO3.... 

Mg  Cl2 

Mg  SO, 

MgC03 

Ca  CI, 

3.2 

.19 

3.2 

.19 

81.8 

4.78 
2.07 

169.2 

9.87 

1088.4 

63.45 

35.5 

84.0 

4.90 

85.7 

5.00 

163.2 

9.52 

161.2 
83.9 

9.40 
4.90 

2762.5 

248.8 

161.05 
14.47 

CaS04 

180.4 

10.52 

124.7 
4.8 

7.27 
.28 

116.4 

6.79 

296.8 

17.32 

CaCOs 

Fe203+Al203. 

2.6 

.15 
.25 
.49 

3.7 

5.6 
38.2 

.22 

.33 

2.23 

.6 
1.6 
2.4 

.03 
.09 
.14 

14.5 
5.6 

8.4 

.86 
.33 

.49 

3.5 
2.1 
19.0 

.20 

.12 

1.10 

Fe2C03 

4.2 

Al,  03     

8.4 

6.0 
26.4 

.35 
1.54 

Si  02 

.7 

.04 

Lio  SOt 

1062.9 

62.00 

730.7 

42.64 

880.5 

51.39 

1317.0 

76.80 

5211.1 

303.87 

543.9 

31.65 

P.  B. 

P.  B. 

J.  IV 

[.L. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

D.  K. 

J.  M.L. 

—12  G 


178 


MINEEAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.  NO.  1 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Tamaroa 

Tennessee 

McDonough  .. 

12838  . 

Tolono 

Champaign  . .. 

8997 

Feb.  15, 1901.... 
G.  Karcher — 

Tolono        

Champaign  . .. 

5835 

8951 

Date 

Jan.  15,1901.... 
T.  H,  Evans... 
24  feet 

Jan.  12,1905.... 
Rev.  Lentz 

Sept.  12,1899... 

Depth      

134  feet 

Strata  

Rock 

Remarks  '. 

Turbidity 

Decided 

Yellow 

Decided 

Yellow 

Distinct 

.01 
.000 

Color 

Yellow 

Odor  

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

5745.6 

392.4 

342. 

14.4 

.024 

.2 

.000 
.04 
13.6 
373.8 
.08 
202.1 
702.1 
3.1 
2.5 
5.1 
.2 
342.0 
2796.6 

715.2 

227.2 
16.8 
1.5 
3.1 
.018 
.07 
.000 
3.28 
2.7 
5.5 
.02 
14.1 
43.4 
.5 
.1 
5.5 
14.5 
1.5 
21.3 

830  4 

161  6 

Chlorine 

8.8 
2.6 
.096 
.086 

Trace 

.12 
1.3 
7.2 

2  9 

15  3 

fFree  ammonia.. 
Nitrogen  as.{ Ajb^ammonia.. 

32. 

.456 
000 

.52 

Potassium  K 

6.1 

64.6 

Ammonium  (NH4) 

41.1 

Magnesium  Mg  

66.1 

122.9 

3.8 

3.9 

6.1 

.6 

8.8 

197.6 

96.9 

Calcium  Ca 

117.5 

5.0 

Aluminium  Al 

.9 

11.4 

Nitrate  N03  

Chloride  CI 

2.3 
2.9 

Sulphate  SO^ 

.5 

Hypothetical 


B  % 

O 
trq'd 

IS 

O 
dS 

?£ 

crQW 

go  n> 

*0 
—  w 

Q 

dS 

09*0 

II 

0 

dS 

Potassium  Nitrate 

.3 
25.8 

.02 
1.49 

1 

.9             05 

6.9 

.40 

3.7 

6.1 

.9 

2.0 

.21 

1.9 

.11 

.35 

.05 

Potassium  Carbonate 

.11 

Sodium  Nitrate  .• 

16.2 

.4 

.94 
.02 

Sodium  Chloride 

558.7 
475.4 

32.50 
27.57 

13.4 
6.0 

.78 
.35 

Sodium  Sulphate 

148.8 
109.3 

8.68 

.1 

.01 

.1 

.01 

6.37 

Magnesium  Nitrate 

Magnesium  Chloride 

972. 
21. 

56.38 
1.22 

242.0 
60.5 

14.12 
3.53 

49.1 

2.0 

30.2 

85.0 

2.85 

.11 

1.75 

4.93 

337.3 

19.67 

2386.8 

138.43 

Calcium  Carbonate 

307.1 

17.91 

293.4 

17.11 

•    6.4 

.37 

7.9 
7.3 

.46 
.43 

1.0 

.2 

.06 
.01 

10.3 

1.8 

.60 

Alumina  

.10 

16.0 
10.8 

.93 
.62 

Silica 

12.9 

.75 

11.6 

.67 

24.2 

1.41 

Total 

4473.3 

259.54 

659.9 

38.49 

202.7 

11.75 

937.8 

54.66 

Analyst 

A.  R.J. 

J.  M.  L. 

A.R.  J. 

R.  W.  S. 

Bartow  et.  el.] 
Wat  ers — C  ont  inue  d . 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


K9 


Tolono 

Champaign  . 

1772 

Dec.  28, 1896.. 
N.  H.  Stubbs 

140feet 

Sand  . 

Tonica 

LaSalle 

10935  

March  10, 1903 
J.C.  Daily  .. 

300feet 

Rock 

Tuscola.... 
Douglas  . .. 

2581 

Aug.23,1897 
J.  L.  Reat . 
617  feet  .... 
Sandstone  . 

Tuscola 

Douglas 

2931 

Nov."i6,'i898'. 
J.  L.  Reat... 

3013  feet 

Gr'v.&s'dst'e 

Urbana  

Champa'n  . 
1412  ....   - . 
Sefct.  17,1896 

U.of  I 

22  feet 

Drift 

Urbana  

Champa'n  . 

1413 

Sept.  28,1896 
Dr.  Burrill. 

20  feet 

Drift 

City  supply  . 

Slight 

.3 
Disagreeable 

Distinct .... 
.05 
.000 

Distinct 

.6 
Oily 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl, 000c. c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000c. c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

472.8 
11.2 
18.8 
7.8 
.34 
.164 
.000 
.16 

515.2 
30.0 
-34.0 
7.1 
2.08 
.142 
.000 
.40 
6.0 

2.67 
24.9 
'    47.8 

2.2 

1.6 
10.1 

1.7 
34.0 

7.4 

954.4 
32. 
76. 
14.2 
4.2 
.32 
.000 
.3 
9.1 

5.4 
13.2 
33.7 

1.6 

1.1 

5.0 

1.3 
76.0 

1.1 

5.1 

3.6 

.8 

125.9 
9.0 

132.2 

.4 

10.1 

18.8 

- 

30.1 
80.9 

58.7 

111.5 

.4 

12.0 

5.8 

97.6 

19.0 

176.2 

22.3 

70.8 

.7 

10.3 

7.1 

3.8 

12.0 

87.7 

1.7 

11.7 
.3 

5.5 

4.8 

4.6 

.7 

18.8 

1.3 

• 

Combinations. 


3| 

IS 

Q 

Cj&3 

jog 

orqtJ 
ta  n> 

Is 

O 
CIS 

jog 

CfQtJ 
fa  n 

3  » 

3  3. 

Is 

O 

j»g 

fa  <V 

Is 

O 

cog 

85  (t 

3  S« 
II 

O 

fa  a> 

33 

Is 

O 

cJS 

jog 

HQ'O 
pa  rt> 

.4 

.02 
.55 

2.9 
9.3 

.17 
.54 

2.2 
15.3 

.13 

.89 

9.4 

.54 

2.1 

.12 

KNO3 

9.5 

KC1 

Ko  SO, 

Kj  CO,.     .. 

.9 
31. 
2. 
274.5 
1.1 

.05 

1.81 

.12 

16.01 

.06 

74.7 

4.36 

3.5 
18.6 

.20 
1.08 

NaNOa 

1.7 

.09 

.41 

16.17 

1.40 

48.8 

11.0 

225.3 

7.1 

2.48 

.64 

13.14 

.41 

113.3 
1.3 

670.8 
14.4 

6.70 

.07 

39.12 

.84 

Na  CI . . 

7.1 

Na,  S04 

277.4 

Na2  COa 

24. 

(NH4),  C03 

44.5 

28.2 
220.7 

2.8 

2.6 

1.64 

12.87 

16 

Mg(N03)2 

MgCl2... 

MgS04 

MgC03 

Ca  CL 

.9 
109.7 

.05 
6.39 

104.9 

6.11 

35.3 

2.06 

86.7 

5.05 

47.8 

2.79 

CaSO. 

202.0 

11.77 

47.1 
6.2 

2.75 
.36 

119.5 

6.96 

84.0 

4.90 

278.5 

16.24 

176.6 

10.30 

CaCOa 

Fe203+Al203. 
Fe  C03 . 

2.9 

.17 
.18 

4.5 
3.0 

.25 
.17 

2.9 
1.7 

.17 
.01 

.9 
22.8 

.05 
1.33 

1.5 
19.5 

.09 
1.13 

3.2 

Alo  03 

ai;(soJ3 

Si  02 

23.2 

1.34 

9.8 

.57 

21.6 

1.25 

10.5 

.61 

12.3 

.72 

15.2 

.90 

656.3 

38.21 

407.9 

23.79 

539.6 

31.06 

964.2 

56.23 

694.8 

40.51 

347.6 

20.26 

C.  R.  R. 

P.  1 

3. 

R.  V 

/.  s. 

R.  W 

.s. 

C.R.B 
A.  V 

l.  and 
/.P. 

C.R.E 
IA.  W 

.  and 

r.  P. 

180 


MINERAL   CONTENT   OF    WATERS 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Urbana  

Champaign  . .. 
4217 

Urbana  

Champaign.. .. 

13735  

Nov.  13,1905... 
W.S.Collins. 
19feet 

Urbana 

Champaign  . .. 

14163^ 

Sept.  30,1896.. 
City  Water.... 
180  feet 

County 

Champaign  . .. 
2078 

Laboratory  No 

Date 

Oct.  15,1898.... 

Uni.  Farm  

23feet 

Apr.  5,1897  .... 

Owner 

Depth 

180  feet 

Strata  

Drift . . 

Drift . 

Remarks 

City  supply . . . 

Turbidity 

Slight 

Decided 

Color 

.02 
.000 

.3 
Vinegar 

6 

Odor 

000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

359.2 
44. 
1.5 
1.1 
.001 
.012 
.000 

1255. 

487  2 

Loss  on  ignition 

42  4 

Chlorine 

54.0 
3.4 

:no 

.064 
.002 

2  2 

Oxygen  consumed 

4  4 

("Free  ammonia.. 

Nitrno-Pn  a*  J  Alb-  ammonia... 
JN  ltrogen  as .  -j  Nitrites 

3.00 

.072 

.000 

.12 

Alkalinity 

800. 
43.1 

5.2 

27.6 

4.11 

35.4 

76.1 

2.8 

1.5 

8.7 

.2 

2.5 

1.6 

2  2 

Sodium  Na 

19  6 

Ammonium  (NH4)  

3.8 

Magnesium  Mg 

34.5 

74.7 

.6 

1.2 

8.1 

.7 

1.5 

49.5 

.008 

89.6 

204.7 

3.3 

2.0 

7.6 

.9 

54.0 

447.8 

10.1 

99  7 

Ferrious  Fe 

.5 

Aluminium  Al 

4.5 

Silica  Si 

9.4 

Nitrates.  N03 

.6 

Chloride  CI 

2.2 

Sulphate  S04 

.9 

Lithium  Li 

Phosphorus  P04  

2.09 

i 

Hypothetical 


II 

5.3 

O 

MM 

CJQtJ 

na 

O 
£L<3> 

3£ 

Potassium  Nitrate 

1.1 
1.6 

.06 
.09 

1.5 
20.3 

.09 
1.19 

.3 
1.0 

2.6 

.02 
.05 
.15 

.9 
3.5 

.05 

Potassium  Chloride 

.20 

Potassium  Sulphate 

Sodium  Nitrate 

Sodium  Chloride 

1.1 

14.6 

.06 

.85 

73.3 
44.0 

4.28 
2.57 

3.4 

.20 

.9 

1.4 

43.3 

10.1 

.05 

.08 

Sodium  Carbonate  

60.5 
19.7 

3.53 
1.14 

2.53 

Ammonium  Carbonate  

.58 

Magnesium  Chloride 

49.6 
85.5 
186.6 

2.88 

4.99 

10.88 

445.5 
87.4 
447.2 

25.99 

5.10 

26.09 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

120.7 
189.1 

7.04 
11.03 

35.2 
248.0 

2.05 

Calcium  Carbonate 

14.47 

Ferrous  Carbonate 

1.3 

2.2 

17.3 

.07 

.13 

1.01 

6.9 

3.8 
16.2 

.40 
.22 
.94 

5.8 

3.0 

18.5 

4.8 

.33 
.17 

1.08 

.28 

1.0 

8.4 

20.0 

.06 

.49 

Silica 

1.17 

Trace.. 

Trace.. 

Total 

360.9 

21.02 

1146.1 

66.87 

429.4 

25.02 

372.7 

21.73 

R.  V 

/.S. 

J.M 

.L. 

A.  V 

/.P. 

C.  B 

..  R. 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATEE   ANALYSES. 


181 


Urbana 

Champaign  . 
3304      

Urbana  

Champaign.. 
7502 

Vandalia  .. 

Fayette 

13016  

Mar.  24, 1905 
C.  Hi'nb'm 
SpringNo.l 

Vandalia 

Fayette 

13017- 

Vandalia  .. 

Fayette 

13018  

Mar.  24, 1905 

Same 

SpringNo.3 

Vandalia  .. 

Fayette 

13019  

Mar.  24,1905 

Same 

SpringNo.4 

Feb.  28, 1898.. 
C.  V.  Millar 

Mav  10,1900.. 
A.  N.  Talbot 
155  feet 

Mar.  24,1905.. 

160  feet 

Drift   

Spring  No.  2. 

City  supply  . 

Distinct 

.8 
.000 

Distinct 

.50 
.000 

Clear  

.000 
.000 

Clear  

.000 
Musty 

Clear  

.000 
Musty 

Decided  ... 

.8 
Earthy 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
per  l.OOOc.c. 

396.4 
33  6 

352. 

26.8 

2.6 

4.7 

1.6 
.074 
.000 

725.2 

1212.4 

1061.2 

154.0 

2. 
5.5 
4. 
.112 

.000 

67.3 
2.45 
.008 
.040 
Trace 

61.5 
2.05 
.016 
.066 
Trace 

76. 
2.2 
.008 
.064 
.006 

13.0 
6.75 
.016 
.348 
.000 

.048 

3.2 

50.4 

84.0 

99^5 

14.3 

27.6 
5.1 

37.0 
2.0 
31.1 
65.3 
1.7 
.6 
8.7 

35.6 
78.2 
3.4 

41.1 

138.0 

.5 

2.1 

9.1 

88.5 

67.3 

7.3 

97.9 

175.8 

75.4 
142.5 

10.1 

26.4 

1.2 

1.2 

3.7 

.3 

13.0 

5.3 

1.2 

8.3 

.2 

12. 

46. 

61.5 

416.4 

9. 

86.8 

76.0 

243.9 

2.0 

.8 

2.6 
.2 

Combinations. 


hd 

Is 

•    0 
£3 

II 
§1 

O 

apt) 
£L<r> 

33 

IS 

Q 

3  w 

s.  a 

O 

as 

UQtJ 

33 

Is 

0 
wg 

33 

£Iw 

Is 

0 

dp 

cog 

P  CD 

.4 

.02 
.24 

.09 

6.9 

.40 

6.4 

.37 

8.4 

.49 

.6 
2.1 

.04 
.12 

KNOs 

4.2 

K  CI 

1.5 

K2S04 

115.5 
46.0 

6.74 
2.68 

57.8 

102.2 

86.8 

3.37 
5.96 
5.06 

111.9 
125.4 
61.4 

6.53 
7.32 
3.58 

Na  NO, 

4.3 

.25 

19.8 
7.7 
9.1 

1.15 
.45 
.53 

NaCl 

Na2  SO,  

64.3 

3.75 
.79 

74.7 
5.3 

4.36 
.31 

Na.  C03 

13.6 

(NHJ2  CO,.... 

52.4 
91.4 
32.6 
344.7 

3.06 

5.33 

1.90 

20.11 

*"447!5 

27.5 

439.4 

4.2 

'26.09 

1.60 

25.63 

.25 

MgCL 

253.2 

85.2 

356.5 

5.2 

14.77 

4.97 

20.80 

.30 

MgS04 

MgCOa 

CaCOg 

Fe,  03  +  AL  O^ 

124.1 
195.0 

7.24 
11.38 

108.1 
163.2 

6.30 
9.52 

35.1 
66.1 

2.05 
3.86 

7.1 

.41 
.12 

1.01 

3.5 

1.2 

18.6 

.20 

.07 

1.08 

1.0 
3.9 
19.3 

.06 

.23 

1.13 

2.4 

2.2 

7.8 

.14 
.13 

.46 

Fe  C03* 

2.1 

AL  03 

17.4 

75.6 

1.49 

19.2 

1.12 

SiD2 

K3  PCv 

Li 

* 

. 

429.7 

25.05 

378.9 

22.09 

713.7 

42.24 

1247.4 

69.82 

1026.4 

59.88 

152.91    8.93 

R.  W.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

J.  M-  L. 

J.  M.  L. 

J.  M.  L. 

J.  M.  L. 

182 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATEES. 


[BULL.  NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Vandalia 

Fayette 

13020  

March  24, 1905 . . 
D.  Higinbot'm 
Spring  No.  5,  .. 

Vandalia 

Fayette 

13021  

Vermont 

Fulton. . 

Villa  Ridge  ... 

8637 

9144 

Date 

March  24,1905  . 
D.  Higinbot'm 
SpringNo.6. .. 

Oct.  6, 1900 

J.  M.  Wilkins. 

2300  feet 

Rock 

June  23,1901.  .. 
L.  Redden 

Depth 

R  emarks 

Turbidity  

Clear 

Clear 

Color 

.000 
.000 

.000 
.000 

Odor  

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

389.2 

1101.2 

3490.4 
83.2 
1175. 
8. 
2. 
.018 
.000 
.04 

896.2 

2.6 
47.7 
181.5 

3.7 

399.2 

Loss  on  ignition 

71.2 

17.5 
1.55 
.016 

.044 

9.2 
12.2 

63. 
2.00 
.008 
.076 

14.4 

75.7 

32. 

2.1 

Nitrogen  as.  ^  Alb.,  ammonia.. 

.034 
.038 
.000 

1  Nitrates 

8. 

35.6 

26.5 
85.2 

85.3 
134.0 

30.8 

56.8 

.3 

1.1 

Silica  Si 

6.3 
40.7 
17.5 
17.6 

10.3 

63.7 

63.0 

303.1 

6.8 

.2 

1175.0 

964.2 

10.4 

Nitrate  NOs 

35.4 

Chloride  CI 

32.0 

Sulphate  S04 

1.3 

Hypothetical 


II 

O 

fa  n 

3£ 

E2cn 

jog 

oqtJ 

►a 

3£ 

Irs 

C3  i-i 

O 

jog 
crqtJ 

JO  <T> 

1.7 

.10 

4.5 

.26 

.4 

84.9 

.02 
4.92 

3.4 

20 

45.0 

2.63 

83.6 

104.0 

37.3 

4.88 
6.06 

2.18 

45.6 
52.7 
2.0 
4.3 

2  64 

1869.6 
495.6 

i09.06 
28.74 

3  06 

12 

Sodium  Carbonate 

.25 

" 

6.9 

.40 

8.2 
23.5 
22.1 
51.5 

.48 
1.37 
1.29 
3.00 

Magnesium  Sulphate 

347.4 
53.6 

20.26 
3.13 

Magnesium  Carbonate 

165.5 
476.0 
103.6 

9.60 

27.60 

6.00 

107.1 

6.21 

Calcium  Carbonate 

212.9 
2.3 

12.42 
.13 

335.4 
2.4 

19.57 
.14 

142.2 

8.25 

7.7 

.44 

.6 

2.0 

22.2 

.03 

.12 

Silica     

13.4 

.78 

22.0 

1.28 

14.4 

.83 

1.29 

Total 

380.6 

22.20 

990.2 

57.76 

3224.6 

187.61 

382.1 

22.17 

Analyst 

J.  M.  L. 

J.  M.  L. 

A.  R.  J. 

A.  L.  M. 

BARTOW  ET.   AL.] 

Waters — Continued. 


WATER   ANALYSES. 


183 


Waltham 

LaSalle 

Warren 

Jo  Daviess  .. 
5008    . 

War'nville. 
Dupage.. .. 

2710 

Sept.  24,1897 
W.J.Man'g 
212  feet.... 
Rock  ...... 

Waukegan  .. 

Waverly  .. 
Morgan  . .. 

9910 

Nov.26,1901 
H.J.Rog'rs 
54  feet 

Wenona. .. 
Marshall.  .. 

8980 

Aug.  1,1900 
I.C.R.R.. 
1856  feet .  . . 
Rock 

6433         

5193 

Nov.  30,1899. 
J.  A.  Hanley 
65  feet 

May  9,1899  .. 
B.  W.  Hicks. 

100  feet 

Rock 

June  9,1899.. 
E.L.  Upton 
Spring,  4 feet 

Slight 

.03 
.000 

Very  slight 
.02 
.000 

.000 

.02 

.000 

Very  slight 
.01 
.000 

Yellow 

.000 

Milligrams 
per-l.OOOc.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1.000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl,000c.c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
perl.OOOc.c. 

Milligrams 
perl  ,000  c.c. 

421.6 

534. 
155.6 
36. 
1.5 
.001 
.046 
.015 
20. 

16.3 

418.8 
10.8 
1.8 
1.3 
.488 
.014 
.000 
.13 
10.9 
34.7 

636. 
54. 

38.  • 
1.7 
.001 
.036 
.021 
7.2 
5.4 
22.5 

787.2 
67.2 
54. 
1.8 
.48 
.046 
.005 
.155 

60. 

2. 

.7 

555. 

.32 

.128 

.000 

.08 

.28 

17.3 

290.2 

6 

9.8 

18.1 

457.3 

40.1 

72.7 
4.4 

67.7 

46.2 

.9 

.6 

6.1 

88.5 

36.0 

23.5 

34.9 

70.8 

57.6 

104.6 

.3 

.2 

7.4 

31.9 

38.0 

148.5 

38.5 
59.5 

.7 

4.6"" 

.7 

54.0 

3.6 

14.5 

.3 

2.0 

33.6 

3.1 
.6 

1.8 
102.8 

2.6 
1.3 

555.0 

182.8 

Combinations. 


Sen 

13  ™ 

O 
»— "-i 

3£ 

Sw 

§1 

o 

i— "-t 

33 

Sea 

O 

dg. 

Bq'O 
p  cc 

3£ 

Sen 

O 

C3 

j»g 

iq'a 

p  n 

as 

O 

j»g 

crq'd 
p  n> 

►0 

11 

ft' 

CKJ.tJ 

p  n 

r'1 

.6 

.03 
.19 

10.3 

.60 

.9 

3.8 

19.3 

.05 

.22 

1.11 

13.9 

.81 

KN03  . 

3.2 

K  CI    . 

K0SO4 

60.3 

2.52 

32.1 

35.3 

1.87 
2.05 

1.10 
89.0 

.06 
5  19 

1.7 

914.6 

270.5 

21.5 

.10 
53.05 
15.69 
1.25 

Na  NO, 

.8 

.05 

1.26 

.13 

.06 

NaCl   . 

21.7 

107.0 

6.23 

5.31        31 

NaoS04 

2.2 

583.5 

34.07 

Na,  C03 

1.0 

(NH4)„CO,.... 

Mg  (N03)2' 

MgCl2 

MgS04 

45.6 
48.2 
29.4 
147.6 

2.65 
2.81 
1.7.1 
8.60 



22.2 

185.7 

50.8 

1.29 
10.83 
2.96 

24.9 
104.2 

1.45 
5.86 

139.4 

8.13 

34  0 

1.98 

134.0 

7.77 

Mgco; 

Ca  S04' 

181.6 

10.59 

115.3 

6.72 

178.2 
.9 

10.42 
.05 

261.4 

15.25 

45.9 
15.6 

2.68 
.92 

148.7 
2.8 

8.62 
.16 

CaCOs 

Fe203  +  AL03. 
Fe  C03  . 

9.2 

.53 

.08 

1.80 

1.9 
1.1 

13.0 

.11 

.06 

.76 

.6 

.3 

15.7 

.03 
.02 
.91 

1.4 

Al,  O, 

30.8 

6.6 

.04 

9.8 

.57 

5.6 

.32 

Si  Do 

391.9 

22.85 

472.7 

27.54 

445.8 

25.43 

618.0 

36.02 

784.1 

45.78 

1499.4 

86.96 

R.  W 

.S. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

R.\ 

V.S. 

R.  W 

.  S. 

A.D.  E. 

A.I 

..  M. 

184 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.    NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

W.  Chicago  ... 

DuPage 

2474 

W.  Chicago  ... 

DuPage  

122S6  

July  14,  1904... 
S.  PL  Wolfe... 
876  feet 

Wilmington  .. 
Will 

Wilmington  .. 
Will 

9139 

1352 

Date 

July  21,  1897... 
J.  T.  Hosford  . 

874  feet 

Sand  rock 

June  19,1901... 
C.  H.Kahler.. 
Spring 

Sept.  7,1896.... 

Owner 

Depth 

C.  H.  Kahler.. 
43  feet  . 

Strata     

Turbidity 

Slight 

Distinct 

.6 
.000 

Very  slight  . .. 

Color 

.06 
.000 

.01 
.000 

Odor 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

354. 
20.  M 
10.   m 
1.8 
.56 
.034 
.000 
.06 

21.6 

407.2 

1088.4 
90. 
148.5 
5.3 
.034 
.064 
.019 
11.181 
26.7 
119.9 

.      14.8 
1.3 
.352 
.042 
.000 
.08 
1.9 
26.3 

("Free  ammonia.. 

Nitrogen  as.^lb.ammon.a.. 

(_  Nitrates 

7.6 

69.1 

.62 

30.7 
56.9 

1.9 

1.1 

11.8 

.8 

10.0  • 

42.1 

40.1 

65.1 

1.2 

.7 

6.6 

.3 

14.8 

65.5 

49.3 

144.8 

.6 

.8 

6.7 

49.5 

148.5 

272.4 

34.7 

57.8 

Silica  Si 

6  6 

Nitrate  N03 

.4 

Chloride  CI 

39.0 

Sulphate  SO  t        

61.4 

Hypothetical 


a  2 

O 
opt) 

B| 

£ft) 
§3 

O 
opt) 

Is 

'     Q 

opt) 
S3  n 
i— "i 

Is 

0 

OQt) 

•— '<-t 

.1 
4.2 

.07 
.24 

.6 
3.2 

.04 
.19 

69.2 

4.01 

.7 
14.1 

.04 

.82 

9.6 
244.7 
65.0 

.56 

14.19 

3.77 

13.2 

51.8 

.77 
2.02 

22.3 
54.3 

1.30 
3.17 

53.2 
90.9 
43.1 

3.10 

Sodium  Sulphate 

5.30 

Sodium  Carbonate 

2.51 

Ammonium  Sulphate 

9.0 
104.0 

.52 
6.06 

36.0 
114.2 

2.10 
6.65 

250.2 

14.51 

120.7 

7.04 

Calcium  Sulphate 

40.1 
332.3 

2.33 
19.27 

Calcium  Carbonate 

139.7 

8.15 

162.5 

9.48 

144.3 
Trace 

8.42 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

Trace 

3.8 

1.8 

24.8 

.22 

.10 

1.44 

2.6 

1.4 

14.0 

.15 
.08 
.82 

1.3 
1.6 

14.2 

.08 
.09 

.82 

14.0 

82 

Total 

352.3 

20.57 

411.1 

23.98 

1028.2 

59.63 

481.0 

28  05 

Analyst 

R.  W-  S. 

J.  M-  L. 

A.  L-  M. 

R.  W-S- 

BARTOW  ET.  AL.] 


WATER    ANALYSES 


185 


Waters — Continued. 


Winchester  . 

Winchester  . 

Winfield  .. 

Winnetka  . .. 

Woodbine 

Woodbine.: 

• 

Scott 

Scott 

DuPage  . .. 
7114 

Cook 

7113 

JoDaviess. 
7224 

JoDaviess 
7225 

9183 

July  15,1901.. 
A.  P.  Grout  . 

9911         

Nov.  26,1901. 

Mar.  19, 1900 

Mar.  20, 1900.. 

April  2, 1900 

April  2. 1900 

W.  Hardister 

R.M'C'm'k 

S.W.Crand'll 

E.   Herm'n 

E.   Herm'n 

Spring 

Spring 

400 feet  .... 

250feet  

130 feet  .... 

137  feet  .... 

Rock 

Rock 

Lime  stone 

Lime  stone 

Decided 

Very  slight.. 

Distinct 

Slight 

Distinct 

Distinct 

Yellow 

.01 

.02 

.01 

.01 

.02 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1000  c.clper  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

per  1000  c.c. 

424.4 

377.6 

440. 

729.2 

496.4 

429.2 

36.8 

50. 

28.4 

56. 

26.4 

42.8 

2.2 

3. 

2.6 

50. 

« 

16. 

5.9 

1.5 

1.3 

2.3 

.8 

.5 

4.8 

.02 

.448 

.014 

.002 

.000 

.144 

.034 

.034 

.102 

.018 

.02 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.1 

.000 

.000 

.08 

21. 

.12 

9.2 

3.8 

1.6 

9.7 

6.2 

.6 

35.2 

45.5 

34.8 

64.6 

46.8 

45.2 

92.1 

82.2 

70.1 

131.9 

116.1 

83.8 

5.9 

.5 

1.3 

.3 

1.5 

1.2 

4.0 

1.5 

.4 

1.3 

.4 

1.0 

8.4 

8.8 

4.6 

6. 

3.7 

8. 

.7 

16.4 

.3 

93.0 

.6 

40.7 

2.2 

3.0 

2.6 

50.0 

8.0 

16.0 

1.4 

5.3 

114.9 

163.2 

63.2 

13.2 

Combinations. 


*0 
ELa> 

O 

p  m 

11 

O 

uqV 

II 

C 
Cp 

jag 

p  (T> 

Q 

Wg 

0qX3 

P   0! 

s| 

II 

O 

CIS 

i»g 

p  <T> 

h3 

!l 

C 

dp 
j»g 

trqw 
p  (i 

1.1 

2  4 

.06 
.14 

7.7 

.45 

.6 
15.4 

.03 

.89 

9.9 

.58 

.9 
11.9 

.05 
.69 

4.1 

.24 

KN03 

KC1 

16.1 
5.0 
7.6 

.94 
.29 
.44 

35.9 

2.09 

27.1 

1.57 

NaN03.... 

2  0 

.12 

.12 

1.46 

30.0 
67.1 

i.75 
2.91 

3.9 
16.9 

.23 

.98 

NaCl 

2  1 

Na2S04 

25.1 

Na2C03  

1.6 

.09 

(NHJaS04 

16  5 

.96 

(NH4)2COs  .... 

Mg(N03)2 

72.5 

66.9 

178.2 

4.23 
3.90 
10.40 

22.0 

21.4 

16.5 

117.6 

1.28 

1.24 

.96 

6.86 

MgCl2 

.3 
158.1 

.02 

9.22 

85.5 
61.1 

4.99 
3.56 

64.8 
117.6 

3.78 
6.86 

MgS04 

122  6 

7.11 

MgC03 

CaSO. 

29.2 
308.0 

1.70 
17.97 

230.0 

13.34 

205.4 

11.99 

175.2 

10.22 

290.2 

16  93 

209.5 

12.21 

CaC03 

Fe,03+Alo03  . 

12.2 

7.4 
17.8 

.71 

.43 

1.03 

1.0 
2.8 
8.8 

.06 

.16 

1.10 

2.7 

.7 
9.7 

.16 
.04 

.56 

.6 

2.4 

12.7 

.04 
.14 
.74 

*    3.2 

.8 
7.8 

.18 
.05 
.45 

2.6 

1.9 

17.0 

.15 
.11 
.99 

FeC03 

A1203 

SiQ2 

439.2 

25.48 

412.8 

24.67 

449.6 

26.20 

716.3 

41.79 

518.0 

30.20 

439.7 

25.61 

A.L. 

M. 

A.  D 

.  E. 

R.\ 

V.  S. 

R.  W.  S. 

R.\ 

v.s. 

R.\ 

V.S. 

186 


MINERAL  CONTENT  OF  WATERS. 


[BULL.   NO.  10 


Analyses  of  Illinois 


Town 

Woodhull 

Woodhull 

Woodstock 

McHenry 

7440. 

Wyoming  ..: ... 

Stark 

10362 

County 

Laboratory  number 

10445 

10939 

March  4,  1903.. 

E.  L.  Miller... 

1394  feet 

St.  Peter 

Distinct 

.1 
.000 

Date 

Owner 

June  12,  1902.  .r 
W.  P.  Kirkland 
182  feet 

Junel,  1900.... 
F.  Hutchinson 
900  feet. 

April  22,  1902  . . 
F.  J.  Graves. .. 
Spring 

Depth , 

Strata  

Sandrock  

Decided 

Yellow 

Rock 

Distinct 

.04 
Sulphur... 

Turbidity 

V.  Decided 

Brownish 

Peculiar 

Color 

Odor 

.000 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Milligrams 
per  1,000  c.  c. 

Total  residue 

522. 
32.4 
1. 
3.5 
1.84 
.048 
.000 
.09 
2.8 
45.1 
2.4 
34.9 
99.9 

949.6 
16. 
154. 
4.1 
1.04 
.018 
.001 
.08 
14.1 
220.0 
1.3 
20.4 
51.8 
3.4 
3.0 
7.3 
.3 
154.0 
265.5 

12805.2 
1150.4 
6510. 
12.4 
6.8 
.04 
.000 
.4 
111.7 
2405.4 
8.2 
380.0 
1203.3 

889.2 

121.6 

2.2 

39  5 

Loss  on  Ignition 

Chlorine 

f  Free  ammonia  .. 
Nitrogen  as.^lb.ammonia... 

.656 
2.08 
001 

17 

Potassium  K 

8  1 

9  8 

Ammonium  (NHJ .". 

8 

58  2 

Calcium  Ca 

136  2 

45  4 

Aluminium  Al 

23  5 

Silica  Si 

7.8 

.5 

1.0 

2.6 

1.4 

1.7 

6510.0 

1630.0 

57  2 

Nitrate  NOa 

7 

Chloride  CI 

2  2 

Sulphate  S04 

6  9 

Hypothetical 


ft 
3S 

II 

Q 

II 
18 

O 
aqtJ 

S3    ft) 

a 
as 

1% 

a 

0Qt3 

p  0> 

.7 
2.1 
3.3 

.04 
.12 
.19 

.6 
26.5 

.04 
1.55 

2.8 
211.1 

.16 
12.31 

1.1 

4.6 
12.8 

06 

Potassium  Chloride 

27 

75 

Sodium  Chloride 

233.3 

392.8 

1.9 

13.61 

22.91 

.11 

6114.4 

356.68 

Sodium  Sulphate 

1.2 
103.1 

.07 
6.06 

Sodium  Carbonate 

22.6 

1.31 

Ammonium  Chloride 

24.3 

1.41 

Ammonium  Carbonate 

6.4 

.37 

3.5 

.20 

2.1 

.12 

Magnesium  Chloride 

1496.2 

87.28 

121.4 

7.08 

71.2 

4.15 

202.4 

11  80 

Calcium  Chloride 

1414.2 

2309.3 

34.1 

3.5 

82.50 

134.71 

1.98 

.20 

249.7 
1.2 

14.56 
.07 

129.1 

7.53 

340.4 

19.85 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Aluminium. 

7.1 

5.5 

15.6 

.41 
.32 

.92 

58.4 
44.4 
121.6 

3.40 

2.60 

Silica 

16.6 
55.4 

.97 
8.22 

3. 

.17 

7.09 

Total 

561.1 

32.75 

887.1 

51.75 

11612.9 

677.4 

810.4 

47.25 

P. 

B. 

P. 

B. 

R.  \ 

V.  S. 

A.  I 

).  E. 

BARTOW,  ET  AL.] 

Wat  ers — C  ontinue  d . 


WATEE   ANALYSES. 


187 


Wyoming 

Wyoming. .. 

Wyoming. 

Stark  

Stark 

Stark 

10723 

Oct.  6.  1902. 

7285 

9084 

April  10,  1900.. 

April  20,  1901 

G.  W.  Scott... 

G.  W.Scott.. 

City  offic'ls 

212  feet 

300  feet 

Rock  ..   ..... 

1557  feet.... 
St.  Peter... 

Sand  and  rock. 

Distinct 

Decided 

Distinct.... 

.30 

Milky 

.2 

.000 

.000 

.000 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams 

Milligrams  Milligrams 

Milligrams 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

per  1,000  c.  c. 

perl.OGOc.c. 

perl.OOOc.c. 

perl,000c.c. 

perl.OOOc.c. 

476. 

379.2 

815.6 

22.4 

40. 

27.3 

4.8 

7.4 

144. 

4.2 

1.8 

4.1 

2.56 

1.04 

1.44 

.078 

.04 

.094 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.08 

.2 

.12 

3.4 

1.7 

21.6 

103.6 

129.6 

219.5 

3.3 

1.3 

1.9 

24.1 

38.0 

24.4 

56.6 

8.8 

29.4 

2.3 

.5 

.15 

1.4 

.7 

.3 

5.5 

3.6 

6.6 

.3 

.9 

.6 

4.8 

7-4 

144.0 

.2 

.7 

165.1 

Combinations. 


Grains  per 
U.  S.  gal.. 

►d 

Is 

0 

tog 

§1 

C 

i»g 

aqtJ 

11 

o 

r-t-t 
#^P 

j»g 

1j 

Is 

0 

jog 

erq.13 

SB   (T 

11 

0 

j».g 

Trace.. 
6.5 

Trace.. 

.38 

1.5 
2.2 

.08 
.13 

.9 
40.6 

.05 

2.37 

KN03 

KC1 

K„S04 

2.6 
Trace.. 

.15 

Trace.. 

13.79 

10.7 
1.1 

288.1 

.62 

.06 
16.70 

205.8 
244.2 

12.01 
14.24 

NaCl 

NaoS04 

236.3 

95.5      5.57 

Na;C03 

(NHJC1 

8.8 

.51 

3.5 

.18 

5.1        .30 

(NH4)2C03 

MgCU 

83.8 

4.89 

13.2 

85.3     4.98 

MgCOs 

CaCl2 

CaS04 

140.3 

8.19 

20.2 

1.16 

73.6 

4.30 

CaCO, 

Fe,03+Alo03.. 

4.8 

.28 
.15 

.68 

1.1 

1.4 

7.6 

.06 

.08 
.44 

.3 

.6 

14.0 

15.6 

.02 
.04 
.82 
.91 

FeC03..... 

2.6 

A1203 

11.7 

SiOo 

497.4 

29.02 

350.6 

20.27 

781.5 

45.61 

R.  W.  S. 

A.  R.  J. 

P.  B. 

INDEX. 


189 


INDEX. 


Abingdon     3,5,7,76 

Adams   county    ...3,88,96,141,163,164 

Aledo     4,7,77 

Alexander  county    3,86,87,88 

Algonquin      4,6,77 

Alluvium    19 

Altamont     3,7,77 

Alton      i 4,6,77 

Alto    Pass 4,5,78 

Aluminium 36,50,51,54 

Amboy     3,6,78 

Ammonia,    free   and   albuminoid 

32,39,40,42,43,50,54 

Analyses,   methods  of 30 

Mineral 30 

Mineral   by   counties    3 

Sanitary    30 

Spring  waters   .  .  .  .  : 5 

Surface    waters    5 

Well    waters    6,7 

Apple    river    ...3,5,78 

Arenzville     3,6,78 

Ashkum    3,?,  79 

Ashland     3,5,6,79 

Assumption 3,6,79 

Astoria    3,7,79 

Atlanta    4,6,79,80 

Atwood    4,6,80 

Augusta    3 

Aurora 3,5,6,7,80,81 

Averyville     4,5,6,81 

Bailey,  water  classification  ....  24 

Barium   in  waters    36 

Barker,    Perry,    work  of    2 

Bartow,   Prof.  Edward,   work  of 

1,22,30 

Batavia     3,6,7,82 

Bell   Air    3,6,82 

Belleville    4,5,7,82,83 

Belvidere     3,6,83 

Bement    4,7,83 

Berwyn    3,7,83 

Blackstone     7,83 

Bloomington     4,5,6,83,84 

Bluffs     4,6,84 

Boiler  waters    56-61 

Bond   county 3 ,  113 

Boone   county    t  .  . .      3,83 

Boulder  clay,   water  from 18 

Bradford 4,7,84 

Brereton    3,7,84 

Bristol   Station    3,6,85' 

Brown   county    3,145,146,165 

Brushy     4,7,85 

Bureau     3,6,85 

Bureau  county 3,85,132,137,139, 

142,147,173 

Bushnell     4,6,7,85,86 

Byron 4,7,86 

Cairo    3,5,6,86,87,88 

Calcium  in  waters    ....36,49,50,51,54 
Calhoun    county    3,125 


Cambridge     ' 3,7,88 

Camden     4,6,88' 

Camp    Point 3,7,88 

Canton      3,5,7,89 

Carbondale    3,6,7,89 

Carlock    5,89 

Carlyle    3,5,6,90 

Carmi     4.7,90 

Carpentersville     3,6,7,90,91 

Carrier  Mills    4,7,91 

Carroll  county 3 

Carrollton 3,5,7,91 

Cass  county 3,78,79,93 

Centralia     ., 4,5,92 

Cerro    Gordo    4,5,6,92 

Champaign    , .3,5,6,93 

Champaign  county   . 3,93,164, 

178,179,180;i81 

Chandlerville     3,7,93 

Chester 4 

Chicago    3,5,7,93,94 

Chillicothe     4,6,95 

Chlorine  in  waters    31,39,40,42, 

43,49,50,51,54' 

Chrisman     3,6,7,95 

Christian  county 3,79,154,169 

Cisne    4,7,95 

Clairemont     4,5,95 

Clark  county    3,139,140 

Classification    of    waters    22 

Clay   county    3 

Clayton    3,6,96 

Clinton     3,5,6,90,96,97 

Clinton    county    90,3 

Coal   measures    17 

Cobden     4,5,97 

Colchester     4,5,98 

Coles  county    3 ,  140 

Collinsville    4,6,7,98 

Color   of   waters 30,39,40,42,43 

Cook    county. .3,83,93,94,106,108,109, 
121,127,141,144,149,153,165,185 

Cooksville     4,5,99 

Corrosion,    boiler  waters    61 

Crawford    county    3,82,153,165 

Creal    Springs    4,5,6,99 

Crystal    Lake     4,5,99 

Cumberland  county   3 

Cutler     4,5,100 

Danville     4,5,100 

Decatur   4,5,100 

Deerfield    3,7,101 

DeKalb    3,7,101 

DeKalb  county    3,101 

Devonian    strata     16 

DeWitt     3,5,101 

DeWitt    county    3,96,97,101,107 

Dixon     3,5,101 

Douglas  county 3,148,179 

Downs     4,6,101 

Dudley     3 

Dundee     3,7,102 


190 


INDEX. 

Index— Continued. 


DuPage    county     3,106,112, 

120,183,184,185 

DuQuoin     4,5,6,7,102 

Dwight    4,6,7,103 

East  Moline 4,6,103 

East  St.  Louis    4,5,6,103,104 

Edgar    county    3,95,154,155 

Edwards  county   3 

Effingham    county    3,77 

Eldorado  township    4,7,104 

Elgin  3,5,6,7,104,105 

Elkhart     4,5,106 

Elmhurst    3,5,106 

Emmett,   A.   D.,   work  of 2 

Eureka     4,6,106 

Evanston    3,6,106 

Everett     3,6,7,107 

Fairbury     4,5,107 

Fairfield     4,6,7,107 

Farmer    City    3,6,107 

Farmington     3,5,6,108 

Fayette   county    3,181,182 

fc'lannagan 4,6,108 

Foaming,    boiler   waters    60 

Ford  county    3,155,156,160,161 

Forest   Glen    3,7,108,109 

Forrest     4,6,109 

Fort    Hill    3,6,109 

Franklin   Gr 3,5,109 

Franklin    county    3 

Freeport    4 ,  5,109 

Fulton    county    3,79,84,89, 

108,121,122,123,133,134,135,182 

Galesburg    3,5,7,109,110 

Gallatin  county   3,151,170,171 

Geneseo   3,5,111 

Gilman 3,6,7,111 

Glasford     4,5,111 

Glen   Ellyn    3,7,112 

Godfrey 4,5,112 

Grafton    3,5,6,112,113 

Grant   Park 3,7,113 

Granville     .4,5,113 

Greene    county    3,91 

Greenville    3,6, 113 

Gridley    4,6,113,114 

Ground  waters    8 

Grundy  county    3 

Hamilton     3,6, 114 

Hamilton    county    3,5 

Hancock   county    3, 114, 13D, 148 

Hardin   county    3 

Harrisburg    4,7,114,115 

Haywood,   water  classification.  .  24 

Havana    4,5,6,116,117,118,119 

Henderson    county    3,152,177 

Hennepin     4,6,117,119 

Henry  county   ...3,88,111,128,129,186 

Herrin 6,117,119 

Highland     4,7,120 

Highland   Park    3,6,117,119 

Hillsboro    4,6,120 

Hinsdale    3,7,120 

Hoopeston    4,5,6,121 

Mope     4,6,121 

Huntsville    4,5,121 

Hyde    Park    3,6,121 

Ipava    3,7,121,122 

Iron  in  waters   36,49,50,51,54 

Iroquois  county   , 3,79,111,135 

151,152,171 

Jackson   county    3,89,137,147,177 

Jacksonville     4,5,6,122,123,124 

Jasper  county   3 

Jefferson  county   3,146,147 


Jersey  .county    3,112,113,124,135 

Jerseyville     3,7,124 

Jo   Daviess   county    ..3,78,175,183,185 
Johnston,   A.   R. ,    work  of   ,  .  .  .  .  2 

Johnson    county     3, 148 

Joliet    4,6,7,125 

Kampsville    3,7,125 

Kane    county    3,80,81,82,90,91, 

102,104,105,143,171,172,173,174 

Kankakee .  .3,5,7,126,127 

Kankakee    county    ..3,113,126,127,143 

Keensburg     4,7,127 

Kell     4,7,127 

Kendall   county 3,85,161 

Kensington      3,5,127 

Kewanee    3,5,7,128,129 

Kinmundy     4,5,6,129 

Klein,   David,   work  of 2 

Knox   county    3,76,109,110, 

129,130,138 

Knoxville    3,5,7,129,130 

La  Harpe    3,6,130 

Lake  county   3,101,107,109,117, 

131,132,135,149,170,183 

Lake   Bluff    3,7,131 

Lake    Forest     3,6,7,131,132 

La   Moille 3,6,7,132 

La    Salle    3,5,6,132,133 

La   Salle   county    3,132,133,139, 

152,153,160,176,177,179,183 

Lawrence   county 3,177 

Lee   county    3,78,101,109,155 

Lena     4,7,133 

Lewistown     3,5,6,133,134 

Lexington    4,5,6,134 

Libertyville     3,5^6,135 

Lindgren,   J.  M. ,  work  of 2 

Livingston    county    4,83,103,107, 

108,109,138,150,162,175 

Lockhaven 6,135 

Loda     3,6,135 

Loess,    water   from    20 

Logan    county     4,79,80,106,145 

London   Mills    3,5,135 

Loss  on  ignition   31 

Lower   Magnesian    limestone....  il 

Lower     Carboniferous,       water 

from     17 

Macomb    4,6,7,136,137 

Macon   county    4,100 

Macoupin   county 4 

Madison  county 4,77,98,112,120, 

161,173 

Magnesium  sulphate    29 

Magnesium  in  waters 36,49,50,52 

Makanda     3,5,137 

Maiden     3,7,137 

Manganese  in  waters    36 

Manville 4,5,138 

Mapleton    4,6,138 

Maquon    .  .* 3,5,138 

Marion 7,138,139 

Marion  county    ..4,92,127,129,151,170 

Markham    4,5,139 

Marquette    3,5,139 

Marseilles     3,6,139 

Marsh ,  A.  L. ,  work  of 2 

Marshall    3,5,6,139,140 

Marshall  county    4, 183 

Mason   county    4,116,117 

Massac   county    3 

Mattoon    3,5,6,140 

Maywood     3,7,141 

McDonough  county 4,85,86,98, 

104,136,137,178 


INDEX. 

Index — Continued . 


191 


McHenry     4,6,141 

McHenry    county 4,  77,  99,  141,  186 

McLean   county    4,83,84,89, 

99,101,113,114,134,149 
Medicinal    Springs   of   Illinois...    62,75 

Menard    4,5,141 

Menard   county    4,160,177 

Mendon    3,7,141 

Mercer    county 4,77 

Methods  of  analyses    30 

Middlesworth    4,5,141,142 

Milan    4,6,142 

Miller,   C.  V.,   work  of   2 

Mill    Shoals     ^ 4,5,142 

Milo    3,6,142 

Milton     ; 4,6,143 

Mineral   analyses    30 

Mineral  analyses  by  counties ...  3 

Mineral      Springs      of      Illinois, 

classification    of    65 

Minonk     4,7,143 

Mississiopian,  water  from 17 

Momence 3,7,143 

Monroe    county    3 

Montgomery    4,6,143 

Montgomery    county    120 

Morgan   county    4,122,123, 

124,139,161,183 

Morgan  Park 3,6,144 

Morrison    4,7,144 

Mossville    5,144 

Moultrie    county    3 

Mound   City    4,6,144,145 

Mt.    Morris    4,7,145 

Mt.    Pulaski 4,6,145 

Mt.    Sterling    3,7,145,146 

Mt.  Vernon    3,5,6,7,146,147 

Moweaqua     4,  7,147 

Murphysboro    .  . 3,5,147 

Neponset   3,7,147 

Nesslerization    '    33 

Neunert    3,  6,147 

New  Burnside    3,7,148 

Newman    3,6,148 

Niagara  limestone    16 

Nitrogen,    nitrates    and   nitrites 

in  waters    ..34,39,40,42,43,50,51,54 

Niota    3,5,148 

Normal     4,6,149 

N.   Chicago    3 ,'  7 ,'  149 

Oak  Park    3,6,149 

Oakwood    ' 4,6,149 

Oconee    4,  5, 149'  150 

Odell    4,5,7,150 

Odor  of  waters    30,3  9,40,42,43 

Ogle    county    4,86,145,152, 

161,162,166 

Olney    4,6,151 

Omaha 3,6,151 

Omega .4,6,151 

Onarga     , ■.  .3,  6,151,152 

Oquawka     3,6,152 

Oregon    4,6,152 

Ottawa    3,5,6,152,153 

Oxygen  consumed    32,3  9,40,42,43 

Palatine    3,6,153 

Palestine     6,153 

Palmer,   Prof.  A.  W.,   work  of .  .  2 

Palmer,   Dr.  Geo.  T.,   work  of..  62 

Pana     3,6,154 

Paris    3,5,6,7,154,155 

Parkersburg     4,7,155 

Parr,   Prof.   S.  W.,    work  of....      2,56 

Paw    Paw     3,7,155 

Paxton    3,6,155,156 


Payson 3,7 

Peale,   Dr.  A.  C. ,   water  classifi- 
cation      23 

Pekin    4,5,156 

Peoria      4,5,6,7,15  6,157,158,159 

Peoria    county    4,81,95,111, 

138,144,156,157,158,159,171 

Peotone    4,7,160 

Perry  county    4,100,102,178 

Peru " 3,6,160 

Petersburg    4,6,160 

Phosphoric  acids  in  waters   ....  36 

Piatt    county    4,80,83,92 

Pike  county    4,143 

Piper    City    3,6,160,161 

Pisgah     4,5,161 

Plainfield    4,7,161 

Piano    3,5,161 

Pleistocene   formations    17 

Poag    4,6,161 

Polo     . 4,7,161,162 

Pontiac     4,7,162 

Pope  county   (No  analyses) 

Potassium  in  waters    37,49,51,52 

Potsdam   sandstone 9 

Pulaski    4,5,162 

Pulaski    county    4,144,145,162,182 

Putnam   county    4,113,117 

Quincy    5,6,7,163,164 

Randolph  county 4,141,164,172 

Rantoul    3,6,164 

Redbud   4,7,164 

Residue  on  evaporation 39,40,42, 

43,48,49,51,52 

Richland   county    4,95,151,155 

Richview .4,6,164 

Ripley    3,5,165 

Riverside     3,7,165 

Roanoke     4,6,165 

Robinson 7,165 

Rochelle     4,5,7,166 

Rockford    4,5,6,7,166,167 

Rock   Island    4,5,6,168,169 

Rock  Island  county  .4,103,142,168,169 

Romeoville     4,7,169 

Rose,   C.  R.,   work  of 2 

Rosemond    3,5, 169 

Roseville    4,7,169 

Rushville     4,7,169 

Russell     3,6,7,170 

Salem     4,5,170 

Saline  county 4,85,91,114,115,175 

Sangamon  county    4,172,173 

Sanitary  analyses 30 

Scale,    boiler  waters    56 

Schuyler    county    4,88,121,169 

Scott  county 4,84,185 

Shawneetown    3,5,7,170,171 

Shelby  county    4,141,142,147, 

149,150,171. 

Shelbyville    4,6,171 

Sidel     4,5,171 

Sheldon    3,7,171 

Silica    and    silicious    matter    in 

water     35,  49,  50,  52,  -r,4 

S.    Bartonville    4,5,171 

S.  Elgin   3,6,7,171,172 

Sodium     Carbonate     in     Illinois 

waters    2  8 

Sodium  in  waters    37,49,50,51,52 

Solids,   total,   in  waters    31 

Sparta     7,172 

Springfield     4,5,6,172,173 

Springs,    classification  of 21 

Spring  waters  analyzed 5,40,49 


19.2 


INDEX. 

Index — Concluded. 


Springs,  medicinal 62 

Spring   Valley .  .3,6,173 

Stark,    R.  W.,   work  of    2 

Stark   county    4,84,186,187 

Staunton     4,7,173 

St.    Ann     3 

St.  Charles   3,7,173,174 

St.    Clair    county     4,82,83,103,104 

St.   Peter's  sandstone    12 

Sterling    4,5,6,174,175 

Stephenson  county    4,109,133 

Stockton     3,7,175 

Stonefort     4,7,175 

Strawn 6 ,  175 

Streator   3,5,7,176,177 

Stronghurst    3,7,177 

Sulphuric  acid  and  sulphates  in 

waters    37,49,50,52,54 

Sumner    N.  3, 5, 177 

Surface  waters  analyzed    5,39,48 

Sweitzer,  water  classification   .  .  25 

Tallula     4,5,177 

Tamaroa 4,  7,  178 

Tazewell  county    4,156,159 

Tennessee    4,5,178 

Tolono    3,5,6,178,179 

Tonica 3,7,179  ' 

Trenton-Galena    formation     ....  15 

Turbidity  of  waters.  ..  .30,39,  40,42,43 

Tuscola    3,7,179 

Union    county    4,78,97 

Udden ,   J.  A. ,   work  of 8 

Urbana 3,6,179,180,181 


Vandalia    3,5,181,182 

Vermilion  county  ...4,100,121,149,171 

Vermont    3,7,182 

Villa   Ridge    4,6,182 

Wabash    county    4, 127 

Walnut 3 

Waltham 3,7,183 

Warren    3,7,183 

Warren  county    4,169 

Warrenville     3 ,  6 ,  183 

Washington   county    4,164 

Waukegan .3,5,183 

Waverly    4,6,183 

Wayne  county   4,95,107 

Well  waters  analyzed    6,7,40, 

42,43,50,52 

Wenona   4,7,183 

West   Chicago 3,7,184 

White    county    4,90,142 

Whiteside    county     4,144,174,175 

Will    county 4,125,160,161,169,184 

Williamson  county    ..4,99,117,138,139 

Wilmington     4,5,7,184 

Winchester   4,5,185 

Winfield     3,7,185 

Winnebago  county    4,166,167 

Winnetka    3,7,185 

Woodbine    3,7,185 

Woodford   county    4,106,143,165 

Woodhull     3,7,186 

Woodstock    4,7,186 

Wyoming     4,5,7,186,187 


